STATE OF NEW JERSEY VS. FEDELE GODUTOÂ (09-02-0203, MORRIS COUNTY AND STATEWIDE)

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court."
Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the
parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R.1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-2692-15T3
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
FEDELE GODUTO a/k/a
FREDERICK DEMAIO, FREDRICK GODUTO,
FEDELE MODUTO and JOHN FOSTER.
Defendant-Appellant.
__________________________________
Submitted March 15, 2017 – Decided August 4, 2017
Before Judges Fuentes and Gooden Brown.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New
Jersey, Law Division, Morris County,
Indictment No. 09-02-0203.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney
for appellant (Alison Stanton Perrone,
Designated Counsel, on the brief).
Fredric M. Knapp, Morris County Prosecutor,
attorney for respondent (Erin S. Wisloff,
Supervising Assistant Prosecutor, of
counsel; Paula C. Jordano, Assistant
Prosecutor, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Defendant appeals from the trial court's November 12, 2015
order denying his petition for post-conviction relief (PCR)
without granting an evidentiary hearing. We affirm.
On November 30, 2009, defendant entered a negotiated guilty
plea to count one of Morris County Indictment No. 09-02-0203,
charging first-degree attempted murder, N.J.S.A. 2C:5-1(a) and
N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3(a)(1), and a related motor vehicle summons
charging driving while license suspended, N.J.S.A. 39:3-40. In
exchange, the State agreed to recommend the dismissal of the
remaining ten counts of the indictment as well as the dismissal
of Morris County Indictment No. 08-12-1404 in its entirety and
the dismissal of ten related motor vehicle summonses. The State
also agreed to recommend a twelve-year term of imprisonment,
subject to the No Early Release Act (NERA), N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.2,
on the attempted murder charge, to run consecutive to a sentence
defendant was already serving, and the mandatory minimum fines
and period of driver's license suspension on the motor vehicle
summons.
The charges stemmed from defendant's purposeful attempt to
strike a police officer with his vehicle in the course of
eluding police in a high-speed chase to avoid a motor vehicle
stop following a suspected drug transaction. Although the
officer jumped out of the way to avoid impact with defendant's
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vehicle, he still sustained injuries as a result. During his
plea allocution, defendant acknowledged that hitting the officer
with his vehicle could have caused the officer's death and
defendant admitted being aware that his driver's license was
suspended at the time.
On February 5, 2010, defendant was sentenced in accordance
with the terms of the plea agreement. In imposing sentence, the
sentencing court found the following aggravating factors: nature
and circumstances of offense, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(1);1 gravity
and seriousness of harm inflicted on victim, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-
1(a)(2); risk of re-offending, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(3); extent of
prior criminal record, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(6); offense committed
against police officer, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(8); and need for
deterrence, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(9). The court also found as a
mitigating factor that imprisonment would entail hardship to
defendant, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(b)(11).
Defendant filed an appeal challenging his sentence only.
On December 15, 2010, we heard the appeal on an excessive
1
Although the judgment of conviction did not record aggravating
factor one, the sentencing court found that factor in his oral
pronouncement of defendant's sentence. See State v. Pohlabel,
40 N.J. Super. 416, 423 (App. Div. 1956) (holding that "where
there is a conflict between the oral sentence and the written
commitment," the oral sentence "will control if clearly stated
and adequately shown, since it is the true source of the
sentence[.]").
3 A-2692-15T3
sentence oral argument (ESOA) calendar. See R. 2:9-11. During
oral argument, defendant was represented by a staff attorney
from the Office of the Public Defender. Appellate counsel
advised the ESOA panel that when the case was prosecuted in
Morris County, he was employed by the Morris County Prosecutor's
Office as the "[E]xecutive [A]ssistant" and exercised
supervisory authority over "plea approval for all cases[.]"
However, he represented to the panel that he had "no knowledge"
or "involvement in this case[,]" and was satisfied that there
was no conflict.
Appellate counsel then argued that defendant's sentence was
excessive because the sentencing court did not properly consider
defendant's numerous medical ailments as a hardship and
improperly considered aggravating factors one and two. Further,
appellate counsel argued that the sentencing court did not
articulate a reason for imposing a consecutive sentence.
Following the State's concession on the impropriety of
considering aggravating factor two, the case was remanded by the
ESOA panel for resentencing "without consideration of
aggravating factor two[.]"
While preparing for the resentence, the prosecuting
attorney notified us that appellate counsel should have been
disqualified from representing defendant because he approved
4 A-2692-15T3
defendant's plea offer in his capacity as Executive Assistant
Prosecutor of the Morris County Prosecutor's Office.2 We advised
the parties that "[a]s an appellate court, we are not in a
position to make any determination concerning [appellate
counsel's role] or participation in the decisions leading up to
the original plea offer." Although we directed that "the
possible conflict of interest . . . be addressed before the
trial court at the . . . resentencing[,]" the issue was neither
raised nor addressed.
At the resentencing hearing conducted on May 27, 2011,
defendant was represented by his original plea counsel and the
same sentence was imposed. Although the court did not find
aggravating factors one or two, the court determined that the
remaining aggravating factors "significantly, and substantially,
and clearly outweigh[ed]" the sole mitigating factor. The court
also imposed a consecutive sentence after analyzing the factors
articulated in State v. Yarbough, 100 N.J. 627, 643-44 (1985),
cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1014, 106 S. Ct. 1193, 89 L. Ed. 2d 308
(1986).
2
The prosecuting attorney attributed the oversight to the volume
of cases handled by appellate counsel in his supervisory
capacity rather than a lack of good faith on his part.
5 A-2692-15T3
On February 10, 2015, defendant filed a pro se PCR petition
alleging "[i]neffective assistance of [appellate] counsel"3 based
on a "conflict of interest" and an "excessive sentence"
predicated on his "ongoing medical issues[.]" Defendant was
assigned counsel who subsequently filed an amended petition and
supporting brief along with PCR counsel's certification dated
June 12, 2015, and defendant's supplemental certification dated
September 21, 2015. In his brief, defendant argued that he was
entitled to PCR because he "was represented on appeal by an
attorney who was under an impermissible conflict of interest"
pursuant to R.P.C. 1.7,4 1.95 and 1.11,6 and was thereby "per se
ineffective."
3
Appellate counsel died in August 2015 of health-related issues.
4
R.P.C. 1.7 provides in pertinent part that "a lawyer shall not
represent a client if the representation involves a concurrent
conflict of interest. A concurrent conflict of interest exists
if . . . there is a significant risk that the representation of
one . . . client[] will be materially limited by the lawyer's
responsibilities to . . . a former client" unless "each affected
client gives informed consent . . . provided, however, that a
public entity cannot consent . . . ;" "the lawyer reasonably
believes that the lawyer will be able to provide competent and
diligent representation to each affected client;" "the
representation is not prohibited by law;" and "the
representation does not involve the assertion of a claim by one
client against another client represented by the lawyer in the
same litigation or other proceeding before a tribunal." R.P.C.
1.7(a)(2); R.P.C. 1.7(b).
6 A-2692-15T3
Defendant argued further that appellate counsel's
performance was deficient because he failed to confer with him
during his representation to allow defendant to participate in
his defense in order to make a thorough and complete
presentation to the ESOA panel. Instead, according to
defendant, appellate counsel made a "vacuous argument" to the
(continued)
5
R.P.C. 1.9, addressing conflicts of interest with respect to
former clients, provides that a lawyer who has represented a
client may not later "represent another client in the same or a
substantially related matter in which that client's interests
are materially adverse to the interests of the former client
unless the former client gives informed consent confirmed in
writing." R.P.C. 1.9(a). Further, subsection (b) provides "[a]
lawyer shall not knowingly represent a person in the same or a
substantially related matter in which a firm with which the
lawyer formerly was associated had previously represented a
client, (1) whose interests are materially adverse to that
person; and (2) about whom the lawyer, while at the former firm,
had personally acquired information protected by RPC 1.6 and RPC
1.9(c) that is material to the matter unless the former client
gives informed consent, confirmed in writing." R.P.C. 1.9(b).
6
R.P.C. 1.11(a) provides "[e]xcept as law may otherwise permit,
and subject to [R.P.C.] 1.9, a lawyer who formerly has served as
a government lawyer or public officer or employee of the
government shall not represent a private client in connection
with a matter: (1) in which the lawyer participated personally
and substantially as a public officer or employee, or (2) for
which the lawyer had substantial responsibility as a public
officer or employee; or (3) when the interests of the private
party are materially adverse to the appropriate government
agency, provided, however, that the application of this
provision shall be limited to a period of six months immediately
following the termination of the attorney's service as a
government lawyer or public officer." R.P.C. 1.11(a)(1)-(3).
7 A-2692-15T3
ESOA panel. Defendant also argued that his sentence constituted
cruel and unusual punishment given the erroneous analysis of the
applicable "aggravating and mitigating factors" and the dearth
of reasons to support the imposition of a consecutive sentence.
In his supporting certification, defendant averred that he
was unaware of appellate counsel's conflict of interest and
would have objected had he known. Defendant certified further
that appellate counsel did not confer or communicate with him to
discuss what issues to present on appeal or to assess his
deteriorating medical condition.7
The PCR court conducted oral argument on October 27, 2015,
and denied defendant's application from the bench. In a written
statement of reasons filed November 12, 2015, the PCR court
determined that defendant was procedurally barred because he did
not raise these arguments at the re-sentencing hearing or on
direct appeal from the re-sentence as required by Rule 3:22-4.
7
Defendant also asserted that he was entitled to a reduction of
sentence pursuant to Rule 3:21-10 and certified that he suffered
from a number of medical ailments, including hypertension, COPD,
hypermetropia, presbyopia, diabetes mellitus (type 2), hepatitis
C, and osteoarthritis. He also certified that while
incarcerated, he had suffered heart and breathing attacks and
had received a catheterization. According to defendant, he was
informed that he would require a heart transplant and a lung
transplant, neither of which were available to him in the prison
system. However, PCR counsel withdrew this argument pending the
submission of an expert report.
8 A-2692-15T3
The court found further that precluding defendant's claim would
not result in a fundamental injustice or otherwise "run afoul of
[Rule] 3:22-4" since defendant's attorney was aware at the re-
sentencing hearing of appellate counsel's conflict of interest,
having been copied on the prosecuting attorney's notification to
the ESOA panel as well as the ESOA panel's response.
Nonetheless, the court considered substantively defendant's
claims that his "conflicted attorney [was] presumed to be
ineffective" and that "a lack of communication between
[d]efendant and his appellate counsel" was indicative of
deficient performance. The court determined that although
"there was [a] clear conflict of interest . . . . defendant has
not demonstrated any prejudice from the aforementioned conflict
or inaction, as is required under the law." On the contrary,
the court found that appellate counsel "had advocated
diligently, aggressively, and effectively for . . .
[d]efendant[,]" resulting in a remand for resentencing which was
a favorable outcome for defendant. The court also rejected
defendant's challenges to his sentence because they were
adequately addressed at the resentencing.
This appeal followed. On appeal, defendant raises a single
argument for our consideration:
POINT ONE
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DEFENDANT WAS DEPRIVED OF HIS RIGHT TO THE
EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL. THE PCR
COURT'S DECISION DENYING HIS PETITION FOR
POST-CONVICTION RELIEF MUST THEREFORE BE
REVERSED.
For the reasons set forth below, we are unpersuaded by this
argument and affirm.
Generally, we review the PCR court's findings of fact under
a clear error standard, and conclusions of law under a de novo
standard. State v. Harris, 181 N.J. 391, 420-21 (2004), cert.
denied, 545 U.S. 1145, 125 S. Ct. 2973, 162 L. Ed. 2d 898
(2005). However, where, as in this case, "no evidentiary
hearing has been held, we 'may exercise de novo review over the
factual inferences drawn from the documentary record by the [PCR
judge]." State v. Reevey, 417 N.J. Super. 134, 146-47 (App.
Div. 2010) (alteration in original) (quoting Harris, supra, 181
N.J. at 421), certif. denied, 206 N.J. 64 (2011).
"A defendant shall be entitled to an evidentiary hearing
only upon the establishment of a prima facie case in support of
post-conviction relief[.]" R. 3:22-10(b). "To establish such a
prima facie case, the defendant must demonstrate a reasonable
likelihood that his or her claim will ultimately succeed on the
merits." State v. Marshall, 148 N.J. 89, 158, cert. denied, 522
U.S. 850, 118 S. Ct. 140, 139 L. Ed. 2d 88 (1997). The court
10 A-2692-15T3
must view the facts "'in the light most favorable to
defendant.'" Ibid. (citation omitted).
To establish a prima facie case of ineffective assistance
of counsel, a defendant must satisfy the two-pronged test of
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L.
Ed. 2d 674 (1984), adopted in State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42
(1987). "The defendant must demonstrate first that counsel's
performance was deficient, i.e., that 'counsel made errors so
serious that counsel was not functioning as the counsel
guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment.'" State v.
Parker, 212 N.J. 269, 279 (2012) (quoting Strickland, supra, 466
U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. at 2064, 80 L. Ed. 2d at 693). The
defendant must overcome a "strong presumption that counsel
rendered reasonable professional assistance." Ibid.
Second, "a defendant must also establish that the
ineffectiveness of his attorney prejudiced his defense. 'The
defendant must show that there is a reasonable probability that,
but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the
proceeding would have been different.'" Id. at 279-80 (quoting
Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068, 80 L.
Ed. 2d at 698). "These standards apply to claims of ineffective
assistance at both the trial level and on appeal." State v.
Guzman, 313 N.J. Super. 363, 374 (App. Div. 1998) (citing State
11 A-2692-15T3
v. Morrison, 215 N.J. Super. 540, 545-46 (App. Div.), certif.
denied, 107 N.J. 642 (1987)).
Defendant argues that the PCR court should have found a per
se conflict and presumed both ineffectiveness and prejudice
based on appellate counsel's conflict of interest. Defendant
argues further that even if prejudice is not presumed, appellate
counsel's "lackluster representation of defendant on appeal
satisfies the prejudice prong." In support, defendant asserts
that appellate counsel's arguments were "cursory" and "gave
short shrift to defendant's significant, documented health
conditions[.]" We disagree.
When "analyzing whether a conflict of interest has deprived
a defendant of his state constitutional right to the effective
assistance of counsel," we "adhere[] to a two-tiered approach."
State v. Cottle, 194 N.J. 449, 467 (2008). "In those cases in
which we have found a per se conflict, prejudice is presumed in
the absence of a valid waiver, and the reversal of a conviction
is mandated." Ibid. See State v. Bellucci, 81 N.J. 531, 543
(1980).
However, courts "have limited the per se conflict on
constitutional grounds to cases in which 'a private attorney, or
any lawyer associated with that attorney, is involved in
simultaneous dual representations of codefendants,'" or "both he
12 A-2692-15T3
and his client are simultaneously under indictment in the same
county and being prosecuted by the same prosecutor's office."
Cottle, supra, 194 N.J. at 452, 467 (citation omitted). "In all
other cases, 'the potential or actual conflict of interest must
be evaluated and, if significant, a great likelihood of
prejudice must be shown in that particular case to establish
constitutionally defective representation of counsel.'" Id. at
467-68 (citation omitted).
Clearly, this case does not fall within the two limited
circumstances that generate a per se conflict. Moreover, this
case is a far cry from Cottle, where the attorney was
"contemporaneously under indictment in the same county as his
client, and being prosecuted by the same prosecutor's office[.]"
Id. at 473. "In such circumstances, it is not difficult to
imagine that [the attorney] might not have had the zeal to
engage in a bruising battle with the very prosecutor's office
that would be weighing his fate." Id. at 464-65. Thus, the
attorney had "a reason to curry some personal favor with the
prosecutor's office at the expense of his client." Id. at 464.
That created "a 'significant risk' that [the attorney's]
representation of defendant was 'materially limited' by his
'personal interest[.]'" Id. at 466 (quoting R.P.C. 1.7(a)(2)).
By contrast, as the PCR court noted here:
13 A-2692-15T3
It's hard for me to imagine a more
aggressive argument that . . . could have
been made or articulated on . . . behalf of
[defendant] than the ones that [appellate
counsel] made . . . .
I think he did a pretty good job.
He was not intimidated at all . . . . I
gather [appellate counsel] was not a timid
or recalcitrant advocate, no matter who he
was representing.
He was not a . . . wallflower . . . or
somebody who faded into the wallpaper. And
[appellate counsel] is, I would use the . .
. expression "in rare form" except that this
is probably, I gather, by what little I know
of [appellate counsel's] reputation, not
rare form for [appellate counsel] to
articulate himself in this fashion, which is
probably a good thing for his clients.
. . . .
[Appellate counsel] did a fine and
professional job on behalf of [defendant].
And ultimately the matter was remanded back
to the . . . trial court for sentencing.
In these circumstances, while we acknowledge a significant
conflict of interest, defendant has failed to demonstrate the
"great likelihood of prejudice" required "to establish
constitutionally defective representation of counsel." Cottle,
supra, 194 N.J. at 467-68.
In any event, we agree with the PCR court that Rule 3:22-
4(a) bars defendant's argument because it could have been raised
in defendant's resentencing hearing or in a direct appeal from
14 A-2692-15T3
his resentence. A PCR petition is not "a substitute for
appeal." R. 3:22-3. A defendant "is generally barred from
presenting a claim on PCR that could have been raised . . . on
direct appeal." State v. Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 546 (2013) (citing
R. 3:22-4(a)). The bar does not apply if "(1) . . . the ground
for relief not previously asserted could not reasonably have
been raised in any prior proceeding; or (2) [the] enforcement of
the bar to preclude claims, including one for ineffective
assistance of counsel, would result in fundamental injustice[.]"
R. 3:22-4(a).
Here, defendant reasonably could have raised this issue at
his resentencing or in a direct appeal from his resentence.
Moreover, "[t]o succeed on a fundamental-injustice claim"
defendant "must make some showing that an error or violation
played a role in the determination of guilt." Nash, supra, 212
N.J. at 547 (quotation and citation omitted); see also R. 3:22-
4(a)(2). Here, defendant has made no such showing.
Affirmed.
15 A-2692-15T3