LOURDES VIDAL-TURNER VS. BOARD OF EDUCATION OFATLANTIC CITY, ATLANTIC COUNTY(COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION)

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court."
Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the
parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R.1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-4870-15T3
LOURDES VIDAL-TURNER and
C. DEDRA WILLIAMS,
Petitioners-Appellants,
v.
BOARD OF EDUCATION OF ATLANTIC
CITY, ATLANTIC COUNTY,
Respondent-Respondent.
________________________________
Argued August 1, 2017 – Decided August 17, 2017
Before Judges Sabatino and Whipple.
On appeal from Commissioner of Education,
Docket No 284-9/15.
Keith Waldman argued the cause for appellants
(Selikoff & Cohen, PA, attorneys; Mr. Waldman,
of counsel and on the brief; Stephen B.
Walton, on the brief).
Rachel M. Conte argued the cause for
respondent (Law Offices of Riley and Riley,
attorneys; Tracy L. Riley and Ms. Conte, on
the brief).
Christopher S. Porrino, Attorney General,
attorney for respondent New Jersey
Commissioner of Education (Geoffrey N. Stark,
Deputy Attorney General, on the statement in
lieu of brief).
PER CURIAM
Petitioners Lourdes Vidal-Turner and C. Dedra Williams,
tenured supervisors with the Atlantic City Board of Education
(Board), appeal from a June 16, 2016 decision of the Commissioner
of Education reducing their monthly salaries after their
employment was reduced from twelve-month positions to ten-month
positions as part of a reduction in force (RIF). We affirm.
The Board hired Vidal-Turner effective September 1, 1989 to
teach English as a Second Language. The Board hired Williams
effective September 1, 1994 as an English teacher. In 2002, the
Board promoted Vidal-Turner to a twelve-month position as a
supervisor; Williams was promoted in 2007. Both petitioners worked
as supervisors thereafter until June 30, 2015.
The State Appointed Fiscal Monitor for the Atlantic City
School District instituted a RIF effective July 1, 2015. As a
result, Vidal–Turner and Williams's twelve-month supervisor
positions for the 2015-2016 school year were eliminated. Both
petitioners were assigned ten-month positions and suffered a
reduction in salary.
On September 16, 2015, petitioners appealed to the
Commissioner of Education arguing the Board violated their tenure
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and seniority rights. The matter was subsequently transferred to
the Office of Administrative Law. Relying on a joint stipulation
of facts, the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) found in the Board's
favor entering a summary decision on May 5, 2016. The ALJ
determined the RIF was an appropriate exercise of the district's
discretion under N.J.S.A. 18A:28-9, performed in good faith and
for reasons of economy. The State Appointed Fiscal Monitor
instituted the RIF because of a budgetary crisis and the
petitioners had been re-hired as required by law.
Petitioners filed exceptions to the ALJ's decision, arguing
the ALJ erred permitting the Board to reduce compensation below
10/12ths of their pre-RIF salaries. They also argued they had not
been re-hired by the Board, but had been merely reassigned.
On June 16, 2016, the Commissioner issued a final agency
decision adopting the ALJ's decision and dismissing the petitions.
The Commissioner ultimately agreed with the ALJ, with the exception
that petitioners had not been fired and rehired but were reassigned
to new positions based on their seniority in accordance with
N.J.S.A. 18A:28-1.1. Nonetheless, the Commissioner determined
petitioners were not entitled to retain their supervisor salaries
in their reassigned positions. This appeal followed.
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On appeal, petitioners argue the Commissioner erred finding
the Board did not violate the petitioner's tenure and seniority
rights and applied precedent incorrectly. We disagree.
Petitioners concede N.J.S.A. 18A:28-9 allows the Board to
engage in a RIF for reasons of economy and also concede the
validity of the RIF in this instance; however, they assert N.J.S.A.
18A:28-5 protects tenured school board employees from reductions
to their compensation below their monthly rate. In other words,
petitioners agree the Board can reassign them from a twelve-month
position to a ten-month position but argue under N.J.S.A. 18A:28-
5 their monthly salary must remain the same.
"Generally, courts accord substantial deference to the
[interpretation] given to a statute by the agency charged with
enforcing that statute." Bd. of Educ. v. Neptune Twp. Educ. Ass'n,
144 N.J. 16, 31 (1996) (citing Merin v. Maglaki, 126 N.J. 430,
436-37 (1992)). However, "[a]n appellate tribunal is . . . in no
way bound by the agency's interpretation of a statute or its
determination of a strictly legal issue." Mayflower Sec. Co. v.
Bureau of Sec., 64 N.J. 85, 93 (1973).
It is well established a statute's plain language is the
clearest indication of its meaning. Bergen Commercial Bank v.
Sisler, 157 N.J. 188, 202 (1999) (citing Nat'l Waste Recycling,
Inc. v. Middlesex Co. Improvement Auth., 150 N.J. 209, 223 (1997);
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State v. Szemple, 135 N.J. 406, 421 (1994); Merin, supra, 126 N.J.
at 434). When interpreting a statute, our "overriding goal is to
give effect to the Legislature's intent." State v. D.A., 191 N.J.
158, 164 (2007) (citing DiProspero v. Penn, 183 N.J. 477, 492
(2005)). The best indicator of that intent is "the plain
[statutory] language chosen by the Legislature." State v. Perry,
439 N.J. Super. 514, 523 (App. Div.) (quoting State v. Gandhi, 201
N.J. 161, 176 (2010)), certif. denied, 222 N.J. 306 (2015).
However, when a "'literal interpretation of individual statutory
terms or provisions' would lead to results 'inconsistent with the
overall purpose of the statute,' that interpretation should be
rejected." Hubbard v. Reed, 168 N.J. 387, 392-93 (2001) (quoting
Cornblatt v. Barrow, 153 N.J. 218, 242 (1998)).
The tenure statue, N.J.S.A. 18A:28-1 to -18, is designed to
protect tenured teachers by providing "a measure of security in
the ranks they hold after years of service." Viemeister v. Bd.
of Educ. of Prospect Park, Cty. of Passaic, 5 N.J. Super. 215, 218
(App. Div. 1949). In Carpenito v. Bd. of Educ. of Borough of
Rumson, Monmouth Cty., 322 N.J. Super. 522, 531 (App. Div. 1999),
interpreting the aforementioned statute, we said seniority rights
were not triggered when a school board transfers tenured staff
members to other positions within the teacher's appropriate
certification without reducing the teacher's salary or other
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employment benefits. "Seniority is a by-product of tenure and
comes in to play if tenure rights are minimized by dismissal or
reduction in benefits." Ibid. In Klinger v. Bd. of Educ. of Twp.
of Cranbury, Middlesex Cty., 190 N.J. Super. 354, 357 (App. Div.
1982), certif. denied, 93 N.J. 277 (1983), we held a reduction in
hours of employment is considered a RIF. Here, petitioners'
supervisory positions were eliminated and due to their seniority,
they were reassigned to teaching positions.
Petitioners argue their reassignment from twelve-month
positions to ten-month positions as a result of a RIF requires the
school board to only reduce their salaries to a prorated amount.
Petitioners cite Stolte v. Bd. of Educ. of the Twp. of Willingboro,
Burlington Cty., No. 406-8/80A, initial decision, (May 13, 1981),
for the proposition petitioner's salaries should have remained the
same after reassignment.1 Stolte did not involve transfers as a
result of a RIF.
N.J.S.A. 18A:28-9, the RIF statute, provides:
Nothing in this title or any other law
relating to tenure of service shall be held
to limit the right of any board of education
to reduce the number of teaching staff
members, employed in the district whenever,
in the judgment of the board, it is advisable
to abolish any such positions for reasons of
1
Petitioners also cite unpublished administrative decisions,
which do not constitute precedent, nor are they binding. R. 1:36-
3.
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economy or because of reduction in the number
of pupils or of change in the administrative
or supervisory organization of the district
or for other good cause upon compliance with
the provisions of this article.
Here, the petitioners were transferred to positions with a
lower salary range than the supervisory positions that were
eliminated, and are only entitled to be within the range for
teaching positions commensurate with their tenure and experience.
Petitioners concede their supervisory positions could be
eliminated pursuant to a RIF, but assert if reassigned to lower
paying positions their tenure rights require their salary cannot
be diminished, only prorated. Such an argument renders an absurd
result because it would limit the ability of the school board to
exercise its judgment to allocate resources for reasons of economy.
Affirmed.
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