MARCIN PAWELEK VS. MAGDALENA M. PAWELEK (FM-08-0890-17, SOMERSET COUNTY AND STATEWIDE)

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-0767-18T2
MARCIN PAWELEK,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
MAGDALENA M. PAWELEK,
Defendant-Respondent.
_____________________________
Submitted September 11, 2019 – Decided September 27, 2019
Before Judges Whipple and Mawla.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Chancery Division, Family Part, Somerset County,
Docket No. FM-18-0890-17.
Lane & Lane, LLC, attorneys for appellant (Daniel
Jonathan Lane, on the briefs).
Magdalena M. Pawelek, respondent pro se.
PER CURIAM
Plaintiff Marcin Pawelek appeals from an August 31, 2018 order awarding
defendant Magdalena Pawelek $25,000 in counsel fees in this matrimonial
matter. We affirm.
We take the following facts from the record. Plaintiff filed a complaint
for divorce in April 2017. Defendant filed a motion for pendente lite relief
seeking, among other things, counsel fees on the motion and a litigation fund.1
The court entered a November 17, 2017 order, denying each party's request for
counsel fees, and granting defendant a litigation fund. The November order
stated: "Without prejudice, within [thirty] days, plaintiff [is] to provide to
counsel for defendant the sum of $25,000 . . . for a litigation fund for attorney
and expert fees and costs."
On July 9, 2018, the parties divorced and entered into a Marital Settlement
Agreement (MSA). The MSA stated the following regarding the litigation fund:
The [c]ourt directed [plaintiff,] without
prejudice, to advance $25,000 to [defendant]'s counsel
as a fund for legal fees and expert fees by its [p]endente
[l]ite [o]rder . . . of which [plaintiff] advanced $15,000.
The [p]arties have not agreed on the issue of counsel
fees. Both parties reserve the right to submit a
[c]ertification of [a]ttorney [s]ervices along with a
request for the [c]ourt to determine the counsel fee
issue via supplemental [o]rder within thirty . . . days of
the date of the [j]udgment of [d]ivorce.
1
Plaintiff also sought counsel fees for his pendente lite motion.
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Each party submitted a certification of attorney services. The judge
concluded plaintiff was responsible for payment of the entire $25,000 amount
of the pendente lite award for the litigation fund ordered in November 2017 , of
which he had only paid $15,000. Therefore, the judge ordered plaintiff to pay
$10,000 and each party bear the remainder of their respective counsel fees.
I.
On appeal, plaintiff argues the judge abused her discretion awarding
defendant the entire sum of the litigation fund. Plaintiff also argues the judge
misapplied the law because she found he should have filed a motion for
reconsideration to challenge the pendente lite award of a litigation fund. He also
contends the judge mischaracterized the litigation fund as a counsel fee award
and failed to recognize it was subject to reallocation "and therefore subject to
potentially being repaid to [p]laintiff or an advance on equitable distribution."
He asserts the judge only considered partial facts and overlooked defendant's
bad faith.
A Family Part judge is empowered to make an award of
counsel fees to enable the parties to litigate on an even
playing field "irrespective of that party's success in the
matrimonial action." Anzalone v. Anzalone Bros., Inc.,
185 N.J. Super. 481, 486-87 (App. Div. 1982).
Similarly, N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23 states:
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The court may order one party to pay a
retainer on behalf of the other for . . . legal
services when the respective financial
circumstances of the parties make the
award reasonable and just. In considering
an application, the court shall review the
financial capacity of each party to conduct
the litigation and the criteria for award of
counsel fees that are then pertinent as set
forth by court rule.
[Fattore v. Fattore, 458 N.J. Super. 75, 90 (App. Div.
2019)].
Rule 5:3-5(c) lists nine factors the court must consider in making an award
of counsel fees in a family action. Essentially,
in awarding counsel fees, the court must consider
whether the party requesting the fees is in financial
need; whether the party against whom the fees are
sought has the ability to pay; the good or bad faith of
either party in pursuing or defending the action; the
nature and extent of the services rendered; and the
reasonableness of the fees.
[Mani v. Mani, 183 N.J. 70, 94-95 (2005) (emphasis
omitted) (citations omitted).]
Even when there is not a financial disparity between the parties, "where a party
acts in bad faith the purpose of a counsel fee award is to protect the innocent
party from unnecessary costs and to punish the guilty party." Welch v. Welch,
401 N.J. Super. 438, 448 (Ch. Div. 2008) (citing Yueh v. Yueh, 329 N.J. Super.
447, 461 (App. Div. 2000)). An award "of counsel fees is discretionary, and
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will not be reversed except upon a showing of an abuse of discretion." Barr v.
Barr, 418 N.J. Super. 18, 46 (App. Div. 2011) (citation omitted).
The judge addressed each of the Rule 5:3-5(c) factors, which by a
preponderance favored defendant. She concluded the parties had income parity
because although plaintiff out earned defendant, the court had awarded
defendant pendente lite support, which put her on an even footing with plaintiff.
The judge found defendant had a need for contribution to her fees because she
was awarded fees pendente lite and still owed her attorneys.
The judge concluded plaintiff acted in bad faith because he failed to pay
the $25,000. She stated "[p]laintiff's [c]ounsel argues that the $25,000 award
was based on a misrepresentation by [p]laintiff, however this argument was
decided upon in 2017 and [p]laintiff did not file[] a [m]otion for
[r]econsideration at that time."
The judge found plaintiff incurred $43,784.89 and defendant paid
$52,758.52 in counsel fees. She also noted defendant had paid more to her
counsel than plaintiff and still owed over $24,000 to counsel.
The judge found defendant obtained favorable results because plaintiff
was ordered to pay her pendente lite support. She stated "[t]his was made
necessary because, when [d]efendant left the marital home with the two children,
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[p]laintiff was not paying any support. When he began paying, he was
underpaying, until the [p]endente [l]ite [o]rder." The judge concluded "[t]he
[c]ourt finds that [p]laintiff violated the November 17, 2017 [o]rder by not
paying the full $25,000.00 to the litigation fund for attorney and expert fees and
costs, and that he is [o]rdered to pay the remaining $10,000.00 to [d]efendant."
We are unpersuaded the judge abused her discretion or overlooked facts.
Moreover, the judge did not commit a mistake of law by noting plaintiff did not
seek reconsideration of the November 2017 order. The point of the finding was
not to conclude plaintiff's claim for a reimbursement of the sums advanced for
the litigation fund was time-barred, but instead note he had failed to comply
with an order for over nine months without seeking relief from it.
Finally, we reject plaintiff's argument the judge mischaracterized the
litigation fund as a counsel fee award. N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23 states: "The court may
order one party to pay a retainer on behalf of the other for expert and legal
services when the respective financial circumstances of the parties make the
award reasonable and just." (emphasis added). The record reflects defendant
exhausted the litigation fund on counsel fees and two mediators, namely, a
retired judge and an attorney who both served as mediators in the case.
Therefore, irrespective of the label attached to the $25,000, the court's
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considerations relating to the final allocation of the sum were the same, and
plaintiff was afforded the opportunity to contest the award to defendant.
Affirmed.
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