IN THE MATTER OF APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO CARRY A HANDGUN OF MAURICIO ALFARO (MIDDLESEX COUNTY AND STATEWIDE)

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-0109-18T1
IN THE MATTER OF
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT
TO CARRY A HANDGUN
OF MAURICIO ALFARO.
_____________________________
Submitted May 7, 2019 – Decided June 4, 2019
Before Judges Fisher and Hoffman.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Middlesex County.
Law Offices of Proetta & Oliver, attorneys for appellant
Mauricio Alfaro (William A. Proetta, on the brief).
Andrew C. Carey, Middlesex County Prosecutor,
attorney for respondent State of New Jersey (Nancy A.
Hulett, Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and on the
brief).
PER CURIAM
Mauricio Alfaro appeals from a Law Division order denying his
application for a permit to carry a handgun. The judge denied Alfaro's
application after concluding the issuance of the permit "would not be in the
interest of the public health, safety, or welfare." N.J.S.A. 2C:58-3(c)(5). We
vacate and remand for an evidentiary hearing.
I.
In May 2017, Alfaro applied for a permit to carry a handgun because of
his employment with an armored car service. According to his employer,
Alfaro's job involves the transportation of "currency, jewelry, precious metals
and securities from banks, brokerage houses and retail stores located throughout
all [twenty-one] counties in [New Jersey] and all five [boroughs] of [New York
City]." As part of the application process, Alfaro also completed the Attorney
General's firearms qualification program.
After the New Jersey State Police approved his application, Alfaro
presented the application to the Law Division for approval, as required by
N.J.S.A. 2C:58-4. The judge denied the application without holding a hearing
or providing a written or oral statement of reasons explaining his decision.
Alfaro appealed and we remanded for the judge "to make findings of fact and
conclusions of law in accordance with Rule 1:7-4." On remand, the judge
explained Alfaro's two juvenile offenses did not factor into the decision, but
denied the application "because of [Alfaro's] domestic violence record."
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In 2005, while Alfaro was still a teenager, his ex-girlfriend obtained two
temporary restraining orders (TROs) against him. The first incident occurred in
December 2005, when the ex-girlfriend alleged Alfaro threatened to "beat her
up and kill her," stating "I want you dead," and "you need to commit suicide
because you would be doing everyone a favor." She also alleged Alfaro struck
her in the face and body, and "pulled a pocket knife on her and threatened her
with that knife to her neck." The court issued a TRO against Alfaro, but
dismissed the order the following week after determining the "allegation of
domestic violence has not been substantiated."
The court issued the second TRO less than three weeks later, after Alfaro's
ex-girlfriend alleged he tailgated her vehicle, flashed his high beams, and passed
her vehicle three times. She also alleged he called her nineteen times, with the
few calls she answered involving threats to her friend. The court dismissed the
second TRO on February 23, 2006, after the ex-girlfriend failed to appear for
trial on her complaint.
Alfaro was again involved with the police for a potential domestic issue
in July 2006. This time, police found Alfaro and his ex-girlfriend arguing in a
van after she told him she had cheated on him. The ex-girlfriend told police that
"at no time did Alfaro physically hurt her or threaten to hurt her." The
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responding officer did not notice any marks or bruises on her, nor did she exhibit
any signs of pain. Nonetheless, the officer "didn't feel comfortable leaving her
with Alfaro," so he drove her home.
Following our remand, the judge stated issuance of the requested permit
to Alfaro "would not be in the interest of the public health, safety, or welfare."
Although the three incidents occurred over twelve years ago, the judge
characterized Alfaro's domestic violence issues as occurring "not that long ago."
Based on the police reports, the judge determined Alfaro "had an extremely
volatile, hot temper when things don't go his way with women," and "obviously
has issues controlling his temper when it comes to women."
Following the remand, Alfaro seeks reversal, arguing "[t]he trial court
erred by denying [his] permit to carry a handgun because he is not subject to any
of the disabilities set forth in N.J.S.A. . . . 2C:58-3(c)," and because he has
demonstrated "he is familiar with the use of hand guns" and "demonstrated a
need for a permit to carry."
II.
A judicial determination that one "poses a threat to the public health, safety or
welfare involves, by necessity, a fact-sensitive analysis." State v. Cordoma, 372 N.J.
Super. 524, 535 (App. Div. 2004). In reviewing such determinations, we accept the
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trial court's fact findings so long as they are supported by substantial credible
evidence. In re Return of Weapons to J.W.D., 149 N.J. 108, 116-17 (1997). We
review the trial court's legal determinations de novo. Manalapan Realty, L.P. v.
Twp. Comm. of Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378 (1995).
The court may deny a permit to carry a handgun if it determines the "issuance
would not be in the interest of the public health, safety, or welfare." N.J.S.A. 2C:58-
3(c)(5). This criterion "eludes precise definition" but "requires a careful
consideration of both the individual history of [the applicant's] interaction . . . in the
domestic violence matter, as well as an assessment of the threat [an applicant] may
impose to the general public." Cordoma, 372 N.J. Super. at 534-35.
Alfaro contends "[t]he trial court failed to undertake a thorough fact sensitive
review," noting the court's failure "to conduct any hearings or obtain any information
from [him] regarding the incidents that caused the court concern"; instead, the court
"only reviewed one-sided police reports without any regard for [his] side of the
story." Based on our review, Alfaro's contentions have merit.
Critically, the judge accepted the police reports as fact without conducting a
hearing in order to determine the veracity of the allegations. The domestic violence
incidents involving Alfaro did not result in the entry of any final restraining orders
nor did they result in the filing of any criminal charges against him. In addition,
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none of the police reports relied upon by the trial court contained Alfaro's version of
the incidents. We further note the allegations of domestic violence were made well
over a decade ago, with no subsequent incidents in the intervening years.
Additionally, we note that Alfaro already possesses a permit to purchase
a handgun, so the trial judge's denial of his application primarily impacts his
employment. It does not appear the judge considered whether he could have
addressed his concerns by limiting Alfaro's permit to carry to the times he is on
duty as an armored car driver. 1
Nonetheless, we recognize the domestic violence allegations against
Alfaro, if found credible upon further scrutiny, could provide a sufficient basis
to refuse Alfaro the requested permit. See In re J.W.D., 149 N.J. at 115-16; In
re Z.L., 440 N.J. Super. 351, 358-59 (App. Div. 2015) (holding forfeiture proper
where police officers responded to five separate domestic disputes between
defendant and wife, even though no temporary or final restraining order was
ever issued); see also In re Osworth, 365 N.J. Super. 72, 78 (App. Div. 2003)
("The dismissal of criminal charges does not prevent a court from considering
1
N.J.S.A. 2C:58-3 provides for the issuance of "a limited-type permit which
would restrict the applicant as to the types of handguns he may carry and wh ere
and for what purposes they handguns may be carried."
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the underlying facts in deciding whether a person is entitled to purchase a
firearm . . . .").
Thus, we vacate the order under review and remand for the trial judge to
conduct an evidentiary hearing regarding Alfaro's application.2
Vacated and remanded. We do not retain jurisdiction.
2
Our determination to vacate and remand for an evidentiary hearing is
consistent with the directive recently issued by the Administrative Office of the
Courts (AOC), which provides, "[I]f a court has any questions regarding the
applicant or his or her permit to carry application, it must hold a hearing to
address those questions. The court should not simply deny the application."
AOC Directive 06-19, "Directive for Procedures for Processing Gun Permits,"
(May 20, 2019).
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