ATUL PATEL VS. BOARD OF REVIEW (BOARD OF REVIEW, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR)

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-5127-16T1
ATUL PATEL,
Appellant,
v.
BOARD OF REVIEW, DEPARTMENT
OF LABOR,
Respondent,
and
TRUMP TAJ MAHAL ASSOCIATES,
Defendant.
__________________________________
Argued July 17, 2018 – Decided November 28, 2018
Before Judges Ostrer and Vernoia.
On appeal from the Board of Review, Department of
Labor, Docket No. 109,635.
Cassandra M. Stabbert argued the cause for appellant
(South Jersey Legal Services, Inc., attorneys;
Cassandra M. Stabbert, on the briefs).
Shareef M. Omar, Deputy Attorney General, argued the
cause for respondent (Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney
General, attorney; Shareef M. Omar, on the brief).
Respondent Trump Taj Mahol Associates has not filed
a brief.
PER CURIAM
Claimant Atul Patel appeals from a Board of Review (Board) decision
affirming an Appeal Tribunal's dismissal of his appeal from a determination
disqualifying him from unemployment compensation benefits from October 23,
2016, through November 26, 2016, because the appeal was not timely filed
under N.J.S.A. 43:21-6(b)(1). Having reviewed the record in light of the
applicable legal principles, we vacate the Board's decision and remand for
further proceedings.
Claimant reads and speaks Gujarati. He does not read or speak English.
In a December 13, 2016 letter written in English, the Deputy Director advised
claimant he was disqualified from benefits from October 23 through November
26, 2016, because he failed to report to the unemployment office during that
period as required under N.J.S.A. 43:21-4(a) and N.J.A.C. 12:17-2.1.
The letter also informed claimant of his appeal rights, stating the Deputy
Director's denial would become final unless claimant filed a written appeal
within seven calendar days of the letter's delivery or ten days after its mailing.
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The letter further advised that the time to appeal would be extended if good
cause was shown and explained good cause exists where claimant shows the
filing delay was due to circumstances beyond his control that could not have
been reasonably foreseen or prevented.
Claimant appealed the denial of benefits in a January 20, 2017 letter,
which was written in English. The Appeal Tribunal received claimant's letter
on January 24, 2017.
The Appeal Tribunal conducted a telephonic hearing on the appeal, and
claimant was the only witness. He testified with the assistance of a Gujarati
interpreter. The hearing examiner commenced the hearing by describing the
manner in which the hearing would be conducted, explaining she would "ask
[him] some questions to get the information [she] need[s]." She added that when
she was "done with [her] questions [he would] have an opportunity to add
anything in closing that hasn't been covered." In response to the hearing
examiner's question, claimant indicated that he "[understood] how the hearing
[would] be conducted."
Claimant proceeded to respond to the hearing examiner's inquiries. He
stated that he learned about filing for unemployment benefits from his former
co-employees, who told him to go to the Pleasantville unemployment benefits
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office to apply. He applied for benefits on October 23, 2016, but later received
a letter from "the unemployment officer telling [him] that [he was] not eligible
for the benefits."1 He received the letter denying benefits "a month or more"
before his January 20, 2017 letter appealing the denial was sent.
Claimant testified that after receiving the December 13, 2016 letter, he
went to the Pleasantville unemployment benefits office "two or three times" with
the letter, but the hearing examiner did not ask claimant to describe what
occurred during those visits, how he communicated with unemployment office
representatives or what, if anything, he learned about the denial determination
and deadline for filing an appeal on those occasions. The hearing examiner
asked claimant if he obtained a translation of the denial determination and
claimant testified that a "few days" after receiving the letter, he "show[ed]" it to
a man he identified as Lucybi, who is employed at a bank and speaks Gujarati
and English. Lucybi "read" the letter and told claimant he "would not
understand anything . . . the letter [said]." Lucybi never told claimant the letter
included a deadline for filing an appeal. The hearing examiner did not ask
1
Claimant responded affirmatively to the Appeal Tribunal's question of whether
he received "letters" stating he was disqualified from receiving benefits, but the
record shows claimant was sent only the Deputy Director's December 13, 2016
letter.
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claimant if Lucybi actually translated the letter for him or if claimant requested
that Lucybi do so.
The hearing examiner did not ask claimant to explain what occurred
between his initial meeting with Lucybi and the transmission of his January 20,
2017 appeal letter. In response to the hearing examiner's questioning, he
testified only that he mailed the appeal letter to the Appeal Tribunal and Lucybi
sent the appeal letter by telefax from the bank.
The hearing examiner also did not ask claimant to provide the reasons for
the late filing of the appeal, and claimant never testified that he filed the appeal
late because he did not understand English or was unaware of his appeal rights
or the deadline for filing the appeal. Although the hearing examiner commenced
the proceeding by stating she would ask claimant questions to obtain the
information needed to decide the issues, the record is bereft of evidence about
the reasons claimant filed his appeal beyond the N.J.S.A. 43:21-6(b)(1)
deadline.
In its decision, the Appeal Tribunal found claimant received the denial
determination "on an unknown date in" December 2016, filed his appeal on
January 20, 2017, and that his appeal "was not filed earlier because . . . claimant
does not read English and he did not get the [denial determination] translated
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5
for a month." The Appeal Tribunal dismissed the appeal, finding it was not filed
"within ten (10) days of the mailing of the [denial] determination, or within
seven (7) days of [his] receipt of the determination," as required under N.J.S.A.
43:21-6(b)(1), and claimant failed to demonstrate good cause for the late filing
of his appeal. See N.J.A.C. 12:20-3.1(i) (requiring consideration of a "late
appeal" where it is "determined that the appeal was delayed for good cause").
Claimant appealed to the Board and, through counsel, argued the Appeal
Tribunal erred by failing to find good cause for the late filing of his appeal.
More particularly, counsel asserted "[g]ood cause for [the] late appeal should be
found because [claimant] cannot read English and did not understand the
[denial] determination . . . or his appeal rights."2 In its final decision, the Board
determined the appeal was properly dismissed as untimely under N.J.S.A. 43:21-
6(b)(1) and claimant failed to establish good cause for the late filing of his
appeal. This appeal followed.
2
We observe that although claimant did not understand English and showed the
denial determination to Lucybi, he never testified he did not understand his
appeal rights or that the December 2016 letter constituted a denial
determination. The record also lacks evidence showing when and if he became
aware there was a deadline for filing his appeal. Claimant testified he took the
denial determination to the unemployment office two or three times, but the
hearing examiner did not inquire about what occurred, how claimant
communicated with the unemployment office staff or whether claimant was
informed during those visits about his appeal rights.
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Well-established principles guide our review of the Board's decision. The
scope of appellate review of an administrative agency's final determination is
limited. In re Stallworth, 208 N.J. 182, 194 (2011). When an agency's findings
of fact are under review the controlling question is not "whether an appellate
court would come to the same conclusion if the original determination was its
to make, but rather whether the factfinder could reasonably so conclude upon
the proofs." Charatan v. Bd. of Review, 200 N.J. Super. 74, 79 (App. Div. 1985).
We give agency decisions a "strong presumption of reasonableness" and will not
reverse a Board's decision unless it is arbitrary, capricious, unreasonable, or not
supported by evidence in the record. Thurber v. City of Burlington, 387 N.J.
Super. 279, 301-02 (App. Div. 2006) (citations omitted); see also In re
Herrmann, 192 N.J. 19, 27-28 (2007).
It is not disputed that claimant received the Deputy Director's letter
denying benefits in December 2016, and did not serve his appeal letter until
January 20, 2017, well beyond the deadlines for filing an appeal. See N.J.S.A.
43:21-6(b)(1); N.J.A.C. 12:20-3.1(h); see also 31 N.J.R. 1475(a) (June 7, 1999)
(noting N.J.A.C. 12:20-3.1(h) was amended to "accurately reflect the time
frames regarding the presentation of appeals to the appeal tribunals, as set forth
at N.J.S.A. 43:21-6 . . . ."). The regulations, however, require that appeals filed
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beyond the deadlines be heard and decided on the merits where certain
conditions are satisfied. More particularly, N.J.A.C. 12:20-3.1(i) provides that:
[A] late appeal shall be considered on its merits if it is
determined that the appeal was delayed for good cause.
Good cause exists in circumstances where it is shown
that:
1. The delay in filing the appeal was due to
circumstances beyond the control of the appellant; or
2. The appellant delayed filing the appeal for
circumstances which could not have been reasonably
foreseen or prevented.
The Board determined claimant did not establish good cause for the late
filing of his appeal based on the Appeal Tribunal's singular factual finding that
"[t]he appeal was not filed earlier because the claimant does not read English
and he did not get the notices translated for a month." The Appeal Tribunal
apparently determined claimant did not obtain a translation of the denial
determination "for a month" because his January 20, 2017 letter appealing the
denial was sent approximately one month after he received the denial in
December 2016.
We are constrained to vacate the Board's determination that there was not
good cause allowing the late filing of claimant's appeal under N.J.A.C. 12:20-
3.1(i). The Appeal Tribunal's conclusion that claimant did not get the denial
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notice translated for a month not only fails to find support in the credible
evidence in the record, it is contradicted by the only evidence presented. Cf.
Phila. Newspapers, Inc. v. Bd. of Review, 397 N.J. Super. 309, 318 (App. Div.
2007) (explaining the courts do not affirm agency decisions that are "not
supported by substantial, credible evidence in the record as a whole"). Claimant
showed the denial notice to Lucybi within a "few days" of receiving it, and was
not advised at that time there was a deadline for the filing of the appeal. 3 To the
extent claimant "show[ed]" the denial determination to Lucybi to obtain a
translation, which is what the Appeal Tribunal determined, claimant did not wait
a month or otherwise delay in doing so. He promptly showed the letter to
Lucybi, but was not informed the letter included a statement of his appeal rights
or the deadline for filing an appeal.
In our view, the evidence showing claimant's prompt presentation of the
letter to Lucybi might support a finding of good cause for the late filing of
claimant's appeal. Indeed, the Appeal Tribunal's singular reliance on claimant's
purported delay in obtaining the translation for its finding an absence of good
cause under N.J.A.C. 12:20-3.1(i) suggests that if claimant timely sought a
3
We again note that claimant also took the denial determination letter to the
unemployment office two or three times, but the hearing examiner did not
inquire about what occurred during those visits.
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translation, there might be good cause for his late filing. But the record before
the Appeal Tribunal is inadequate to fairly make that determination.
We appreciate that claimant had the burden of establishing good cause for
the late filing of the appeal, see Rudbart v. Bd. of Review, 339 N.J. Super. 118,
123 (App. Div. 2001) (explaining claimant has the burden of establishing
entitlement to unemployment compensation benefits), but cannot ignore that the
hearing examiner defined the proceeding as one during which she would ask
claimant questions to obtain the information she needed to resolve the issues
presented by his appeal, including whether there was good cause for the late
filing of the appeal. By assuming that role, the hearing examiner's questions
defined the information claimant could reasonably expect was "needed" to
address the issues raised on his appeal because that is precisely what the hearing
examiner said.4
4
The hearing examiner's statement that she would ask the questions required to
obtain the information necessary to address the issues presented on appeal was
unintentionally misleading because it suggested that when she finished asking
her questions, she had all of the information she needed to decide the issues on
appeal. Thus, when she inquired at the end of the proceeding whether there was
"anything else . . . [claimant] wanted to add" that was not "already covered," he
could not have reasonably concluded it was necessary to provide any additional
information supporting his appeal.
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A hearing officer does not have an obligation to develop the evidentiary
record supporting a claimant's appeal from a denial of unemployment
compensation benefits. Here, however, the hearing officer expressly assumed
the mantle of developing the record and indicated that claimant need only
respond to her questions to provide the information necessary for resolution of
his appeal. In our view, the hearing examiner's questioning left the Board and
this court with a record wholly inadequate to determine whether there was good
cause for the late filing of the appeal. As noted, the hearing examiner did not
make basic and essential inquiries concerning claimant's late filing of the appeal,
including inquiries concerning the reasons he filed his appeal late, the nature
and content of his communications with the unemployment office staff after his
receipt of the denial determination, and when, if and how he learned of his
appeal rights. Claimant testified he does not understand English, but was never
asked how he learned the December 2016 letter was a denial determination or
knew to take the letter to the unemployment office on two or three occasions.
We are convinced that the manner in which the hearing examiner
conducted the hearing limited the development of the record and resulted in a
record inadequate to permit a proper assessment by the Board and this court as
to whether there was good cause for the late filing of claimant's appeal. We are
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therefore constrained to vacate the Board's decision and remand for the record
to be reopened to allow claimant and the Division to present any additional
evidence that may be relevant to whether there was good cause for the late filing
of the appeal under N.J.A.C. 12:20-3.1(i), and any other issues related to
claimant's appeal from the denial determination. We leave the development of
the record, unencumbered by any limitations based on the hearing examiner's
inquiries, to the parties.
We do not address the merits of claimant's argument that his due process
rights were violated because the denial determination was written in English,
and not Gujarati. See generally, Rivera v. Bd. of Review, 127 N.J. 578, 588-89
(1992) (explaining that notices to non-English speaking unemployment
compensation claimants must be "reasonably calculated to provide . . . adequate
notice," the "exact nature" of which requires a balancing of "the costs associated
with providing any given type of notice . . . against the benefits that would
accrue as a result"); Alfonso v. Bd. of Review, 89 N.J. 41, 46 (1982) (holding
that the failure to provide "bilingual or multilingual notices" to unemployment
compensation claimants "is not constitutionally required"); Alicea v. Bd. of
Review, 432 N.J. Super. 347, 352-53 (App. Div. 2013) (rejecting application of
the holding in Alfonso to a claimant "who speaks only Spanish, lives in Puerto
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Rico and has seasonal employment in New Jersey" and holding due process
requires that the Division provide the claimant notice of his appeal rights in
Spanish).
During his testimony before the Appeal Tribunal, claimant did not detail
the reasons for the untimely filing of his appeal or testify he was unaware of his
appeal rights because the denial determination was written in English. We
therefore choose not to address his due process argument which, for the reasons
noted, is founded solely on the assertions of counsel and otherwise finds no
support in the evidence. See, e.g., Crescent Park Tenants Ass'n v. Realty
Equities Corp. of N.Y., 58 N.J. 98, 107 (1971) (noting that our courts generally
do not "function in the abstract"); see also O'Keefe v. Passaic Valley Water
Comm'n, 132 N.J. 234, 240 (1993) (observing that courts should not decide
constitutional issues unless required for the proper disposition of a matter). We
add only that an unemployment compensation claimant is entitled to adequate
notice and an opportunity to be heard. Garzon v. Bd. of Review, 370 N.J. Super.
1, 5 (App. Div. 2004). As our Supreme Court has observed, "the citizen facing
a loss at the hands of the State must be given a real chance to present his or her
side of the case before a government decision becomes final." Rivera, 127 N.J.
at 583.
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Vacated and remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this
opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.
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