STATE OF NEW JERSEY VS. JUAN POLANCO (16-02-0207, BERGEN COUNTY AND STATEWIDE)

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-0248-18T1
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
JUAN POLANCO, a/k/a
JUAN BAUTISTA,
Defendant-Appellant.
__________________________
Submitted October 15, 2019 – Decided November 12, 2019
Before Judges Sumners and Natali.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Bergen County, Indictment No. 16-02-0207.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
appellant (Howard Woodley Bailey, Designated
Counsel, on the brief).
Mark Musella, Acting Bergen County Prosecutor,
attorney for respondent (William P. Miller, Special
Deputy Attorney General/Acting Assistant Prosecutor,
of counsel and on the brief; Catherine A. Foddai, Legal
Assistant, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Defendant appeals from a June 22, 2018 order denying his petition for
post-conviction relief (PCR) without an evidentiary hearing. After considering
the record against the applicable legal principles, we affirm in part, vacate in
part, and remand for further proceedings.
During a traffic stop, the police seized three kilos of heroin hidden in a
compartment installed underneath defendant's car. Defendant was subsequently
arrested, charged, and indicted with first-degree possession of a controlled
dangerous substance (CDS), heroin, with intent to distribute, contrary to
N.J.S.A. 2C:35-5(a)(1) (count one); and third-degree possession of heroin,
contrary to N.J.S.A. 2C:35-10(a)(1) (count two).
Pursuant to a negotiated agreement, defendant pled guilty to count one of
the indictment. In exchange for his guilty plea, the State agreed to dismiss count
two and recommend an aggregate six-year prison term with a three-year period
of parole ineligibility.
At the sentencing hearing, defendant's counsel submitted a memorandum
and urged the court to impose a sentence of five years in state prison with a two
and one-half year parole disqualifier. Counsel stressed that defendant had no
prior criminal record and cooperated with law enforcement by providing
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information about the crime including identifying the individual who hired him,
others who were also transporting heroin, and the business that installed the
compartment in his vehicle to hide the heroin.
Defendant's counsel also stated that defendant accepted responsibility,
characterized defendant's actions as the "biggest mistake of his life," and
explained that "this was a one-time stupid decision by an otherwise law abiding
man, motivated solely to make some extra money to help his two daughters pay
for college." Defendant declined to speak at sentencing despite being given the
opportunity by the court.
After considering the aggravating and mitigating factors, the court
sentenced defendant in accordance with the plea agreement, specifically finding
aggravating factors three, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(3) ("[t]he risk that the defendant
will commit another offense"), and nine, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(9) ("[t]he need for
deterring the defendant and others from violating the law"). The court found
that defendant failed to express remorse for his conduct and justified his actions
because he needed money to address college expenses. The court also noted that
both defendant and his wife were employed, yet defendant elected to distribute
a large quantity of heroin. Based on these facts, the court found defendant had
a high likelihood of reoffending.
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The court also concluded that although this was defendant's first
conviction, he engaged in a first-degree offense involving the distribution of
heroin. In light of the crisis surrounding the use of heroin, the court determined
that defendant's sentence should reflect the need to generally and specifically
deter such conduct.
As to the mitigating factors, the court found mitigating factors seven,
N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(b)(7) ("[t]he defendant has no history of prior delinquency or
criminal activity or has led a law-abiding life for a substantial period of time
before the commission of the present offense"), and eleven, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-
1(b)(11) ("[t]he imprisonment of the defendant would entail excessive hardship
to himself or his dependents"). The court, however, gave those factors little
weight and noted that defendant's cooperation with law enforcement led to
minimal results and his children were enrolled in college.
Defendant did not appeal his conviction or sentence. Instead,
approximately four months later, he filed a PCR petition in which he primarily
maintained that counsel was ineffective during the sentencing phase for failing
to "secure favorable affidavits from friends, family, employers and other
members of the community" that would have positively and more accurately
informed the court as to the weight to ascribe to the mitigating factors .
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Defendant also certified that he "felt and continues to feel genuine and
deep remorse for his conduct and the anguish on his family . . . ." He also
maintained in a supplemental submission that he was "very sorry to have caused
so much pain to all the people [he] care[s] about," and that he understood "that
drugs have destroyed families that [he] know[s], and many families that [he]
do[es] not know, and [he] realize[d] it was wrong to get involved in any way in
those kinds of things." He stated that he wanted to explain his remorse to the
sentencing court, but his counsel instructed him not to speak at sentencing
because it would have "mess[ed] up the plea deal."
Defendant also argued that counsel failed to "press the sentencing court
to undertake a qualitative analysis" of the aggravating and mitigating factors.
He also claimed that due to "the [ac]cumulation of prejudice" he was denied due
process and a fair trial, and also that his appellate counsel was ineffective,
despite the fact that he never appealed his sentence. Finally, he requested "a
reduction in his sentence due to exceptional institutional progress during his
rehabilitation."
The PCR court heard oral arguments and denied defendant's petition in a
June 22, 2018 oral and written decision and a conforming order issued the same
day. In her written opinion, the PCR judge, who was also the sentencing judge,
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concluded that defendant failed to satisfy the first prong of the two-part test for
ineffective assistance of counsel detailed in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.
668 (1984), and adopted by the New Jersey Supreme Court in State v. Fritz, 105
N.J. 42 (1987) (Strickland/Fritz). The court did not analyze defendant's claims
under the second prong of the Strickland/Fritz test.
With respect to prong one, the PCR court rejected defendant's claim that
his counsel was ineffective for failing to request specifically application of
mitigating factor nine. The PCR court found that "[a]lthough prior counsel did
not expressly ask [the] [c]ourt to apply mitigating factor [nine], he argued for
this factor in his sentencing memorandum, in his submission of character letters
. . . as well as during sentencing." The court further relied on defendant's
counsel's letter in which he characterized defendant's actions as a "one -time
stupid decision by an otherwise law abiding man" who was motivated "to make
some extra money to help his two daughters pay for college."
In addition, the PCR court noted that defendant's counsel argued during
the sentencing hearing that defendant was unlikely to reoffend. Further, during
a colloquy with defendant's PCR counsel during oral argument, the court noted
that defendant's probation report did not evidence that he expressed remorse,
and he failed to speak at the sentencing hearing despite being given the
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opportunity to do so. The court therefore concluded that defendant's counsel
was not deficient for failing to specifically identify mitigating f actor nine at
sentencing.
Next, the PCR judge rejected defendant's argument that he was denied due
process because the sentencing court failed to properly weigh the aggravating
and mitigating factors or support its findings with evidence in the record. The
PCR court reiterated its findings made during sentencing and reaffirmed that the
court prior to sentencing had reviewed counsel's pre-sentencing letter, along
with "a significant number of letters from the defense" addressing his character,
which included a letter from defendant's daughter. 1
The PCR judge also reaffirmed her findings at sentencing that the record
supported application of aggravating factor nine, concluding that although it was
defendant's first offense, it was a first-degree charge involving the sale of heroin.
The PCR judge described the charge as "significant," as "defendant didn't start
selling a small amount of heroin. He started big." She also observed that heroin
is highly addictive and its abuse has reached an "epidemic level" and defendant's
1
In its June 22, 2018 written opinion the court incorrectly stated that defendant's
daughter addressed the court at sentencing. Rather than addressing the court in
person, defendant's daughter submitted a letter which the court considered when
weighing the aggravating and mitigating factors.
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admitted actions "contributed to that crisis." The PCR judge deemed it
appropriate to send a "strong message of deterrence to . . . defendant, who
expressed no remorse, and to the general public."
Finally, the PCR judge denied defendant's request for an evidentiary
hearing. This appeal followed.
On appeal, defendant raises the following points:
POINT I
THE POST-CONVICTION RELIEF COURT ERRED
IN DENYING THE DEFENDANT'S PETITION FOR
POST-CONVICTION RELIEF WITHOUT
AFFORDING HIM AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING
TO FULLY ADDRESS HIS CONTENTION THAT HE
FAILED TO RECEIVE ADEQUATE LEGAL
REPRESENTATION FROM TRIAL COUNSEL.
A. THE PREVAILING LEGAL PRINCIPLES
REGARDING CLAIMS OF INEFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL, EVIDENTIARY
HEARINGS, AND PETITIONS FOR POST-
CONVICTION RELIEF
B. DEFENDANT RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL WHEN HIS
ATTORNEY FAILED TO SECURE EVIDENCE
THAT WOULD HAVE MITIGATED HIS
SENTENCE AND THEN SPECIFICALLY ADVISED
HIM TO REMAIN SILENT BEFORE THE COURT
AT SENTENCING.
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On appeal, defendant makes two principal arguments.2 He initially
contends that at sentencing his "attorney failed [to] secure affidavits that would
have established more weight to [the] mitigating factors to be considered by the
court." Second, defendant maintains that his PCR counsel was constitutionally
ineffective for advising him not to speak at sentencing, which prevented
defendant from detailing his remorse, the lack of which the sentencing court
extensively relied upon in finding the existence of aggravating factor nine.
With the exception of the issue to be addressed on remand, see infra, we
find insufficient merit in defendant's first argument to warrant extended
discussion in a written opinion, and affirm substantially for the reasons detailed
in the PCR court's June 22, 2018 written opinion supporting the application of
the aggravating and mitigating factors. R. 2:11–3(e)(2). We offer the following
additional comments.
First, according to the PCR judge, the sentencing court reviewed "a
significant number of letters from the defense attesting to the defendant's
character." On appeal, defendant does not distinguish how the letters submitted
to the PCR court differed materially from those submitted and considered by the
2
We consider any other argument raised before the PCR court but not briefed
on appeal to be waived. See N.J. Dep't of Env. Prot. v. Alloway Twp., 438 N.J.
Super. 501, 506 n.2 (App. Div. 2005).
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sentencing court, in what manner they would have affected the court's weighing
of the aggravating and mitigating factors, and how PCR counsel's failures
satisfied either prong of the Strickland/Fritz test. See State v. Preciose, 129 N.J.
451, 463-64 (1992).
With respect to defendant's second argument, however, we conclude a
remand is necessary for the court to address specifically defendant's claim. As
noted, the court's June 22, 2018 oral and written decision concluded that the
defendant failed to satisfy the first prong of the Strickland/Fritz test because
defendant's PCR counsel failed to argue specifically for the application of
mitigating factor nine. As evidenced by defendant's PCR petition and
supplemental certification, as well as PCR counsel's supporting briefs,
defendant's ineffectiveness of assistance claim was not so limited, however.
Rather, as noted, defendant maintained his counsel was constitutionally
deficient because he improperly advised him not to speak at sentencing, where
he would have, contrary to the court's findings, expressed remorse for his
actions. Neither the court's oral nor written decision specifically addressed this
limited argument. Accordingly, we vacate in part the June 22, 2018 order and
remand for the court to make additional findings, consistent with Rule 1:7-4,
which address this aspect of defendant's claim under the Strickland/Fritz test
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and also to determine if an evidentiary hearing is necessary. Nothing in our
opinion should be interpreted as suggesting our view of the remanded
proceedings.
Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.
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