1ST COLONIAL COMMUNITY BANK VS. TRACEY FARKAS (L-1613-16, CAMDEN COUNTY AND STATEWIDE)

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-1910-18T1
1ST COLONIAL COMMUNITY
BANK,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
TRACEY FARKAS,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________
Submitted December 19, 2019 – Decided January 29, 2020
Before Judges Nugent and Suter.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Camden County, Docket No. L-1613-16.
Francis X. Moran, attorney for appellant.
Saldutti Law Group, attorneys for respondent (Thomas
B. O'Connell, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Defendant Tracey Farkas appeals the order that denied her motion to
declare as frivolous under N.J.S.A. 2A:15-59.1 and Rule 1:4-8 the complaint for
damages filed by plaintiff, 1st Colonial Community Bank, and that denied
sanctions against plaintiff, plaintiff's attorney and law firm. She also appeals
the denial of her motion for reconsideration. We affirm the trial court's orders.
I.
In an unreported opinion, we remanded this case to the trial court. See 1st
Colonial Cmty. Bank v. Tracey Farkas, No. A-3606-16 (App. Div. June 28,
2018) (slip op. at 9). Our opinion described the procedural history of the case.
This action's procedural history began in May
2016 when the Bank filed a three-count complaint
against Farkas. The complaint alleged that when the
Bank commenced a foreclosure action [in 2014] against
a commercial property primarily operated as a bar and
restaurant, Farkas was a tenant in an apartment on the
second floor. The complaint also alleged that after the
Bank commenced the foreclosure action, the court
appointed a receiver, the receiver entered into a lease
with Farkas, and Farkas made no rental payments as
required by the lease. Discovery later established there
never was a lease. The complaint stated causes of
action against Farkas for breach of the lease,
negligence, and equitable and legal fraud.
Farkas filed an answer, asserted the complaint
was frivolous, and sent a letter [on July 6, 2016]
demanding the Bank dismiss the complaint to avoid
sanctions under Rule 1:4-8 and N.J.S.A. 2A:15-59.1,
the rule and statute that, among other remedies, permit
a party to recover counsel fees when an adversary has
engaged in frivolous litigation. The Bank did not
dismiss the complaint, even though counsel for the
Bank admitted during discovery — contrary to the
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allegations in the complaint — that no lease existed
between either the Bank or the receiver and Farkas.
Despite the absence of a lease and any basis for the
complaint's negligence and fraud counts, the Bank filed
a motion for summary judgment, which the court
denied.
Following discovery, Farkas filed a motion for
summary judgment, which the court granted. The court
entered the order for summary judgment on December
16, 2016. Meanwhile, on December 12, 2016, four days
before the court decided the summary judgment
motion, the Bank had filed a motion to amend the
complaint. The court did not dispose of the Bank's
motion to amend when it granted summary judgment to
Farkas.
The Bank's notice of motion to amend the
complaint did not specify the precise relief sought, that
is, what the proposed amendment would entail. The
body of the Bank's supporting brief suggested the Bank
sought to add causes of action against Farkas based on
unjust enrichment and quantum meruit. . . .
....
. . . On January 3, 2017, the Bank wrote a letter
to the court, which stated: "[p]lease allow this
correspondence to serve [as plaintiff's] request to
withdraw the motion to amend, returnable on January
20, 2017." According to the court's automated case
management system, the motion was disposed of on the
return date when the "proceeding" was noted on the
docket as "cancelled" because the motion had been
withdrawn.
[Id. at 2-4.]
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On January 24, 2017, defendant requested frivolous litigation sanctions,
but the court denied this as untimely on March 17, 2017. Id. at 4-5. We
concluded defendant and the court "overlooked that the Bank sought to add two
new counts against Farkas." Id. at 5. We vacated the March 17, 2017 order and
remanded the case to the trial court "for consideration of the motion on the
merits by a different judge." Id. at 9.
On remand, defendant's motion for sanctions was denied. The court found
defendant's "safe-harbor letter" dated July 6, 2016, did not satisfy Rule 1:4-
8(b)(1). The letter provided:
[m]y client adamantly denies all of the claims
against her as asserted by the plaintiff in the Complaint.
These claims have no basis in law or fact and
irrefutably constitute frivolous litigation in violation of
[Rule] 1:4-8 and N.J.S.A. 2A:15-59.1. We hereby
provide you with NOTICE that these claims against my
client must be dismissed within 28 days or sanctions
will be sought pursuant to the rules of Court and New
Jersey law.
Kindly refer to [Rule] 1:4-8 as well as Pressler
[& Verniero], [Current N.J. Court Rules,] comment 1
on [Rule] 1:4-8(b)[](2011) statement as well as
pertinent case law including Alpert, Goldberg, Butler,
Norton [& Weiss, P.C. v.] Quinn, 410 N.J. Super. 510
[(App. Div. 2009)], and Savona v. [Di Giorgio Corp.],
360 N.J. Super. 55 (App. Div. 2003) and Port-O-San
Corp. v. Teamsters Local Union No. 863[,] Welfare &
Pension Funds, 363 N.J. Super. 431 (App. Div. 2003)
as to our position in this regard. Accordingly, we
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intend to invoke all the remedies of [Rule] 1:4-8 and
N.J.S.A. 2A:15-59.1 in this matter. This letter is
written without prejudice and my client reserves all
rights.
The court found "[i]t is deficient from the onset, because the purpose of
this letter is to provide someone with the notice . . . as to why the demand is
being made and that's completely void in your letter." The cases cited by
defendant did not "reference the specific facts" or how the cases "are applicable
to the facts of this case." Defendant's safe-harbor letter was deficient because it
did not say why the case was frivolous, nor the reason why defendant could not
have explained what was "frivolous."
The court observed that when plaintiff filed its complaint, it "debatably"
had a basis to file a breach of contract action because there was information
"someone [is] living in an apartment and they are named in an information
subpoena that they have as a tenant." The court found it "would not be able to
find that [plaintiff's] lawsuit was not filed in good faith . . . ." The court
concluded the "letter . . . sent on July 6th, 2016 is deficient . . . [and it was]
unable to draw the conclusion that there was no valid basis when the complaint
was filed for the breach of contract." Defendant's motion for reconsideration
was denied because she did not satisfy the standards for reconsideration under
D'Atria v. D'Atria, 242 N.J. Super. 392, 401 (Ch. Div. 1990).
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On appeal, defendant argues the unreported opinion determined the safe-
harbor letter to be adequate and sufficiently specific under Rule 1:4-8. She
contends the trial court erred because the letter had to be considered in the
context of other documents in the case such as its answer to the complaint and
notice to request documents, and that a "fact sensitive" analysis was required.
Defendant argues the trial court erred by allowing more than one attorney to
argue the motion for plaintiff, who then argued points of law not raised to the
trial court prior to the remand. Defendant contends the trial court order was
arbitrary and unreasonable because plaintiff did not previously raise deficiencies
with the letter under Rule 1:4-8. Defendant asks us to vacate the two orders and
to hear her motion for sanctions on the merits.
II.
We review for abuse of discretion a judge's decision on a motion for
frivolous lawsuit sanctions. Bove v. AkPharma Inc., 460 N.J Super. 123, 146
(App. Div. 2019) (citing McDaniel v. Man Wai Lee, 419 N.J. Super. 482, 498
(App. Div. 2011)). Reversal is warranted "only if [the decision] 'was not
premised upon consideration of all relevant factors, was based upon
consideration of irrelevant or inappropriate factors, or amounts to a clear error
in judgment.'" Ibid. (quoting McDaniel, 419 N.J. Super. at 498).
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Where reconsideration is requested, a court should consider whether "1)
the [c]ourt has expressed its decision based upon a palpably incorrect or
irrational basis, or 2) it is obvious that the [c]ourt either did not consider, or
failed to appreciate the significance of probative, competent evidence."
Cummings v. Bahr, 295 N.J. Super. 374, 384 (App. Div. 1996) (quoting D'Atria,
242 N.J. Super. at 401). Trial courts should grant motions for reconsideration
"only under very narrow circumstances." Fusco v. Bd. of Educ., 349 N.J. Super.
455, 462 (App. Div. 2002). We review the denial of a motion for reconsideration
for abuse of discretion. Ibid.
The Frivolous Litigation Statute, N.J.S.A 2A:15-59.1, and Rule 1:4-8
address sanctions against attorneys and parties for conducting frivolous
litigation. Bove, 460 N.J. Super. at 147. "Rule 1:4-8 provides for the imposition
of sanctions where an attorney or pro se party filed a pleading or a motion with
an 'improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless
increase in the cost of litigation[,]' Rule 1:4-8(a)(1), or by asserting a claim or
defense that lacks the legal or evidential support required by Rule 1:4-8(a)(2),
(3) and (4)." Id. at 148 (quoting State v. Franklin Sav. Account No. 2067, 389
N.J. Super. 272, 281 (App. Div. 2006)). A frivolous claim is one where "no
rational argument can be advanced in its support, or it is not supported by any
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credible evidence, or it is completely untenable." United Hearts, LLC v.
Zahabian, 407 N.J. Super. 379, 389 (App. Div. 2009) (quoting First Atl. Fed.
Credit Union v. Perez, 391 N.J. Super. 419, 432 (App. Div. 2007)).
A motion for frivolous litigation sanctions "shall be filed . . . no later than
[twenty] days following the entry of final judgment." R. 1:4-8(b)(2). Prior to
this, the attorney for the party seeking sanctions must send a "safe-harbor letter."
See R. 1:4-8(b)(1). The letter shall say why the pleading is alleged to be
frivolous and "set forth the basis for that belief with specificity." R. 1:4-
8(b)(1)(ii). "The notice must be sufficiently specific and detailed to provide an
opportunity to 'withdraw the assertedly offending pleadings.'" Bove, 460 N.J.
Super. at 150 (quoting Ferolito v. Park Hill Ass'n, 408 N.J. Super. 401, 408
(App. Div. 2009)). The purpose is to provide notice of the issues in order that
they can be "corrected promptly and litigation costs kept to a minimum, thereby
preserving judicial, lawyers', and litigants' resources." Ferolito, 408 N.J. Super.
at 409 (quoting Toll Bros., Inc. v. Twp. of Windsor, 190 N.J. 61, 71 (2007)).
"[A] notice and demand articulating an objection on one legal theory does not
serve to alert the client or the attorney to other weaknesses." Ibid. There must
be "[s]trict compliance with each procedural requirement of Rule 1:4-8." Bove,
460 N.J. Super. at 149.
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We recently held that a safe-harbor letter must be specific in alerting
counsel and parties to the alleged frivolous nature of a claim. In Bove, the safe-
harbor letter by defendants did not mention the Workers' Compensation Act
(WCA) exclusivity bar as a reason that the litigation was alleged to be frivolous.
Id. at 154. Defendants prevailed in the litigation on the basis of the WCA
exclusivity bar. Ibid. We held "[t]his lack of specificity constituted a failure to
properly alert Bove and his counsel to the alleged frivolous nature of Bove's
claim." Id. at 154-55. This deficiency was an additional ground for reversing
the trial court's award of sanctions in that case. Id. at 155.
The trial judge, here, reasonably exercised her discretion in finding the
July 6, 2016 safe-harbor letter did not provide specific and detailed reasons why
plaintiff's litigation was frivolous. The letter did not mention the lack of a lease
or rent payments by defendant. Defendant acknowledged she engaged in
discovery about the lease issue—after she sent the July 6, 2016 letter.
Defendant's answer denied entering into a lease with the receiver and that she
was required to make rent payments. However, in a different lawsuit involving
plaintiff, defendant's parents acknowledged in their answers to information
subpoenas, that their daughter was a tenant at the premises.1 The lease issue
1
Defendant's parents were the owners of the premises where she resided.
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was the reason defendant argued the litigation was frivolous, yet it was not
referenced in the letter.
We are not persuaded by defendant's argument that the trial court was
precluded from addressing this deficiency because plaintiff did not raise it in the
earlier proceedings. In Bove, we said "even if a non-prevailing party does not
complain about a deficiency regarding a safe-harbor notice, the judiciary itself
has an institutional interest in assuring that the safe-harbor prerequisites to fee-
shifting is strictly enforced." Ibid. (citing Toll Bros., 190 N.J. at 71). The trial
court did not abuse its discretion by reviewing the letter for consistency with the
Rule.
We reject defendant's assertion that our prior unreported opinion decided
whether the safe-harbor letter complied with the statute and rule. Our opinion
made no such decision. We expressly stated "[o]ur opinion should not be
construed as suggesting in any way the outcome of the motion." Farkas, slip op.
at 9.
We agree with the trial court that just because summary judgment was
granted to defendant did not mean plaintiff's complaint was frivolous under the
statute or the rule. "[A] grant of a motion for summary judgment in favor of a
[prevailing party], without more, does not support a finding that the [non-
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prevailing party] filed or pursued the claim in bad faith." Bove, 460 N.J. Super.
at 152 (alterations in original) (quoting Ferolito, 408 N.J. Super. at 408). As
long as the party filing the pleadings "had an objectively reasonable and good
faith belief in the merits of the claim, attorney's fees will not be awarded." Ibid.
Here, in addition to the safe-harbor letter's lack of specificity, the trial
court also rejected defendant's argument that plaintiff's lawsuit was not filed in
good faith because plaintiff had a "debatable" basis to file a breach of contract
complaint. There was support for that in this record.
Defendant's remaining arguments—including that two attorneys argued
the case for plaintiff at the September 2018 oral argument and that the judge on
remand did not give adequate consideration to rulings made in the summary
judgment motions prior—are not persuasive. We have thoroughly considered
the record and discern no prejudice to defendant or abuse of discretion by the
court. Defendant's arguments do not warrant discussion in a written opinion. R.
2:11-3(e)(1)(E). We agree with the trial court's denial of defendant's motion for
reconsideration.
Affirmed.
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