DCPP VS. S.J., C.H. AND J.G., IN THE MATTER OF A.J. AND A.J.G. (FN-04-0107-19, CAMDEN COUNTY AND STATEWIDE) (RECORD IMPOUNDED) (CONSOLIDATED)

RECORD IMPOUNDED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NOS. A-0524-19T3
A-0525-19T3
NEW JERSEY DIVISION
OF CHILD PROTECTION
AND PERMANENCY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
S.J. and J.G.,
Defendants-Appellants,
and
C.H.,
Defendant.
___________________________
IN THE MATTER OF A.J.
and A.J.G., minors.
___________________________
Submitted December 16, 2020 – Decided January 13, 2021
Before Judges Alvarez and Mitterhoff.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Chancery Division, Family Part, Camden County,
Docket No. FN-04-0107-19.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
appellant S.J. (Robyn A. Veasy, Deputy Public
Defender, of counsel; Catherine Reid, Designated
Counsel, on the briefs).
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
appellant J.G. (Robyn A. Veasy, Deputy Public
Defender, of counsel; Christine Olexa Saignor,
Designated Counsel, on the briefs).
Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney for
respondent (Sookie Bae, Assistant Attorney General, of
counsel; Eden Feld, Deputy Attorney General, on the
brief).
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, Law Guardian,
attorney for minors (Meredith Alexis Pollock, Deputy
Public Defender, of counsel; Noel C. Devlin, Assistant
Deputy Public Defender, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM
In this Title Nine case, S.J. and J.G. appeal from a June 4, 2019 order of
the Family Part finding that they abused and neglected their two-month-old
child, A.J.1 On appeal, the parents argue that this finding was based on
insufficient evidence. We affirm substantially for the reasons expressed in
1
We use initials to maintain the confidentiality of the parties and their child. R.
1:38-3(d)(12).
A-0524-19T3
2
Judge Michael E. Joyce's thoughtful oral decision, adding only the following
comments.
On the night of June 30, 2018, S.J. arrived home to find J.G. sleeping on
the couch while A.J. was lying on his chest. S.J. asked him to put the baby in
the bassinette and prepare a bottle. J.G. initially ignored S.J., but eventually
complied. After making A.J.'s bottle, J.G. picked up S.J.'s phone and threw it
against the wall.2 In response, S.J. told J.G. she no longer wanted to be in a
relationship and demanded he leave. J.G. then took A.J. from his bassinette and
attempted to leave the house. S.J. objected. A struggle ensued in which S.J.
endeavored to take A.J. from J.G. S.J. was unable to take A.J. from J.G. because
he was holding A.J. tightly against his chest. During this tug-of-war, A.J.
sustained a laceration to his head. Police arrived and charged J.G. with criminal
mischief, N.J.S.A. 2C:17-3, for smashing S.J.'s phone.
S.J. brought A.J. to Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Camden, New Jersey.
The hospital treated A.J.'s laceration and discharged him. On July 1, 2018, A.J.
developed a fever and S.J. noticed that a portion of his skull, under the
laceration, was "sinking in." S.J. returned to Lady of Lourdes Hospital, where
2
S.J. testified that J.G. was still angry about an argument the couple had the
day before.
A-0524-19T3
3
S.J. was told A.J. no longer had a fever and discharged him; A.J. received no
treatment for his skull.
The following day, a DCPP worker instructed S.J. to bring A.J. to Cooper
University Hospital in Camden, New Jersey. Based on the medical imaging,
A.J. was diagnosed with a depressed skull fracture.
At trial, J.G. testified that S.J. was kicking and hitting him during the
altercation, while S.J. testified that J.G. was "squeezing" A.J. Dr. Stephanie
Lanese, an assistant professor of pediatrics, testified that she was able to
determine, with a reasonable degree of medical certainty, that the altercation
between S.J. and J.G. was the cause of A.J.'s injuries.
Judge Joyce found that the Division proved, by a preponderance of the
credible evidence, that the parents abused A.J. pursuant to N.J.S.A. 9:6-
8.21(c)(4)(b). The judge found that both parents were responsible for A.J.'s
injuries and both had time to "curb their behavior." The judge ultimately
determined that "but for this altercation between the mother and the father[,] and
the conduct and the actions of the mother and father, this injury would not have
happened."
Our scope of review of a Family Part judge's fact-finding determination
of abuse or neglect is limited. We must defer to the factual findings of the
A-0524-19T3
4
Family Part if they are sustained by "adequate, substantial, and credible
evidence" in the record. N.J. Div. of Child Prot. & Permanency v. N.B., 452
N.J. Super. 513, 521 (App. Div. 2017) (citation omitted). That deference is
justified because of the Family Part's "special jurisdiction and expertise in
family matters." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. M.C. III, 201 N.J. 328,
343 (2010) (citation omitted). The reviewing court grants particular deference
to the trial court's credibility determinations, and only overturns its
determinations regarding the underlying facts and their implications when the
"findings went so wide of the mark that a mistake must have been made." N.J.
Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. M.M., 189 N.J. 261, 279 (2007) (internal
quotation omitted). That said, an appellate court does not give special deference
to the trial court's interpretation of the law, which it reviews de novo. D.W. v.
R.W., 212 N.J. 232, 245-46 (2012).
The relevant portion of Title Nine, N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.21(c)(4), defines an
"[a]bused or neglected child" to include a child under the age of eighteen,
whose physical, mental, or emotional condition has
been impaired or is in imminent danger of becoming
impaired as the result of the failure of his parent or
guardian . . . to exercise a minimum degree of care (a)
in supplying the child with adequate food, clothing,
shelter, education, medical or surgical care though
financially able to do so or though offered financial or
other reasonable means to do so, or (b) in providing the
A-0524-19T3
5
child with proper supervision or guardianship, by
unreasonably inflicting or allowing to be inflicted
harm, or substantial risk thereof . . . .
[N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.21(c)(4).]
Each case of alleged abuse "requires careful, individual scrutiny" and is
"generally fact sensitive." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. P.W.R., 205
N.J. 17, 33 (2011). The "main focus" of Title Nine "is not the 'culpability of
parental conduct' but rather 'the protection of children.'" Dep't of Children &
Families, Div. of Child Prot. & Permanency v. E.D.-O., 223 N.J. 166, 178 (2015)
(quoting G.S. v. Dep't of Human Servs., 157 N.J. 161, 177 (1999)).
The phrase "minimum degree of care" under the statute "refers to conduct
that is grossly or wantonly negligent, but not necessarily intentional." G.S., 157
N.J. at 178. "[A] guardian fails to exercise a minimum degree of care when he
or she is aware of the dangers inherent in a situation and fails adequately to
supervise the child or recklessly creates a risk of serious injury to that child."
Id. at 181. A finding of gross negligence depends on the totality of the
circumstances, N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. V.T., 423 N.J. Super. 320,
329 (App. Div. 2011), and "is determined on a case-by-case basis." N.J. Div. of
Child Prot. & Permanency v. K.N.S., 441 N.J. Super. 392, 398 (App. Div. 2015)
(citation omitted).
A-0524-19T3
6
We are satisfied there was competent, credible evidence in the record to
support the judge's finding that both S.J. and J.G. abused their child because
both parents participated in the June 30, 2018 altercation. As Dr. Lanese
testified, the parents' altercation was the but-for cause of their two-month-old
child's skull fracture. That the expert could not identify the exact mechanism of
the injury does not absolve defendants of their responsibility under the statute.
To the extent we have not addressed any of the remaining arguments
raised by the parties, we conclude that they are without sufficient merit to
warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
A-0524-19T3
7