State v. Ornelas

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. NO. 33,919
5 MANUEL ALFREDO ORNELAS,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF LEA COUNTY
8 Gary L. Clingman, District Judge
9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Jorge A. Alvarado, Chief Public Defender
13 J.K. Theodosia Johnson
14 Santa Fe, NM
15 for Appellant
16 MEMORANDUM OPINION
17 VANZI, Judge.
18 {1} Defendant appeals from his conviction for misdemeanor aggravated battery in
19 violation of NMSA 1978, Section 30-3-5(B) (1969). This Court issued a calendar
1 notice proposing to affirm Defendant’s conviction. Defendant file a memorandum in
2 opposition, which this Court has duly considered. Unpersuaded, we affirm.
3 {2} In Defendant’s docketing statement, Defendant alerted this Court to three
4 claims of error on appeal: (1) that there was insufficient evidence to support his
5 conviction for misdemeanor aggravated battery [DS 3-4], (2) that the district court had
6 denied Defendant’s assertion of self defense in response to the charges, arguing that
7 “the victim’s use of fighting words combined with a threat of use of a gun constituted
8 grounds to defend” [DS 4], and (3) that counsel may have been ineffective [DS 4-5].
9 In this Court’s notice of proposed disposition, we proposed to conclude that there was
10 sufficient evidence to support Defendant’s conviction for aggravated battery, that
11 there was sufficient evidence for the district court to conclude that the State had met
12 its burden of demonstrating that Defendant did not act in self defense, and to decline
13 to address ineffective assistance of counsel as no specific argument had been
14 articulated. [CN 3-6]
15 {3} In response, Defendant has filed a memorandum in opposition that identifies
16 two issues: (1) that the victim’s “use of racial slurs constituted ‘fighting words’ so that
17 the ensuing altercation was mutual combat and [Defendant] should have no criminal
18 liability for the injuries [the victim] sustained” [MIO 2], and (2) that trial counsel was
19 ineffective when he convinced Defendant to waive his right to a jury trial and have a
20 bench trial instead [MIO 5].
2
1 {4} To the extent Defendant now contends that he should be free from criminal
2 liability based on a theory of mutual consent, we point out that this was not a theory
3 advanced in the district court. “To preserve an issue for review on appeal, it must
4 appear that appellant fairly invoked a ruling of the trial court on the same grounds
5 argued in the appellate court.” Benz v. Town Ctr. Land, LLC, 2013-NMCA-111, ¶ 24,
6 314 P.3d 688 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “The primary purposes
7 for the preservation rule are: (1) to specifically alert the district court to a claim of
8 error so that any mistake can be corrected at that time, (2) to allow the opposing party
9 a fair opportunity to respond to the claim of error and to show why the district court
10 should rule against that claim, and (3) to create a record sufficient to allow this Court
11 to make an informed decision regarding the contested issue.” State v. Allen, 2014-
12 NMCA-047, ¶ 9, 323 P.3d 925 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted), cert.
13 denied, 2014-NMCERT-002, 322 P.3d 1062.
14 {5} Defendant asserts that he argued below “that this was self-defense and
15 specifically noted that [the victim] used fighting words.” [MIO 2] According to
16 Defendant, “[t]his adequately preserved [Defendant’s] argument that the use of
17 fighting words negated his criminal liability towards [the victim].” [Id.] However, the
18 argument that Defendant advances on appeal is not one of self defense; rather, it is an
19 argument involving mutual consent [MIO 2-5], which was not a theory that was
20 presented to the district court for consideration. There is no record of mutual consent
3
1 in the State’s proposed findings and conclusions [RP 61-63], in Defendant’s proposed
2 findings and conclusions [RP 64-66], or in the district court’s order [RP 72-73].
3 However, all three of those documents make reference to Defendant’s contention that
4 he acted in self defense. Given that Defendant failed to present this theory to the
5 district court, and therefore the district court had no opportunity to make any findings
6 relevant to this theory, we conclude that allowing Defendant to now advance this
7 theory of his case would be contrary to our preservation requirements and our role as
8 an appellate court.
9 {6} To the extent Defendant otherwise contends that there was insufficient evidence
10 to support his conviction for misdemeanor aggravated battery, based on the argument
11 contained in Defendant’s memorandum in opposition, we conclude that Defendant has
12 abandoned his argument regarding the sufficiency of the evidence that he originally
13 raised in his docketing statement. See State v. Johnson, 1988-NMCA-029, ¶ 8, 107
14 N.M. 356, 758 P.2d 306 (providing that when a case is decided on the summary
15 calendar, an issue is deemed abandoned when a party fails to respond to the proposed
16 disposition of that issue). We therefore rely on the analysis contained in this Court’s
17 notice of proposed disposition and conclude that there was sufficient evidence to
18 support Defendant’s conviction.
19 {7} Furthermore, to the extent Defendant has now articulated a basis for claiming
20 that his trial counsel was ineffecitve, we conclude that Defendant has failed to
4
1 demonstrate a prima facie case of ineffective assistance of counsel. “To establish a
2 prima facie case of ineffective assistance of counsel, Defendant must show that (1)
3 counsel’s performance was deficient in that it fell below an objective standard of
4 reasonableness; and (2) that Defendant suffered prejudice in that there is a reasonable
5 probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding
6 would have been different.” State v. Aker, 2005-NMCA-063, ¶ 34, 137 N.M. 561, 113
7 P.3d 384 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “On appeal, we will not
8 second guess the trial strategy and tactics of the defense counsel.” Lytle v. Jordan,
9 2001-NMSC-016, ¶ 43, 130 N.M. 198, 22 P.3d 666 (internal quotation marks and
10 citation omitted). The decision whether to waive a jury trial is a matter of trial
11 strategy. See State v. Ciarlotta, 1990-NMCA-050, ¶ 14, 110 N.M. 197, 793 P.2d 135012 (stating that “[t]he decision of whether to proceed with a jury is a tactical one”). As
13 a result, we conclude that Defendant has failed to demonstrate a prima facie case of
14 ineffective assistance of counsel.
15 {8} Accordingly, for the reasons stated above and in this Court’s notice of proposed
16 disposition, we affirm Defendant’s conviction.
17 {9} IT IS SO ORDERED.
18 __________________________________
19 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge
5
1 WE CONCUR:
2 _________________________________
3 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge
4 _________________________________
5 J. MILES HANISEE, Judge
6