State v. Renteria

1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Appellate Reports.
2 Please see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum
3 opinions. Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain
4 computer-generated errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of
5 Appeals and does not include the filing date.
6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
8 Plaintiff-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 34,093
10 CORNELIUS RENTERIA,
11 Defendant-Appellant.
12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DOÑA ANA COUNTY
13 Darren M. Kugler, District Judge
14 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
15 Margaret McLean, Assistant Attorney General
16 Santa Fe, NM
17 for Appellee
18 Jorge A. Alvarado, Chief Public Defender
19 Will O’Connell, Assistant Appellate Defender
20 Santa Fe, NM
21 for Appellant
22 MEMORANDUM OPINION
23 VANZI, Judge.
1 {1} Defendant Cornelius Renteria appeals from his judgment and sentence entered
2 pursuant to a jury trial at which Defendant was found guilty of (1) attempt to commit
3 first degree murder, (2) aggravated burglary, (3) child abuse, and (4) possession of a
4 firearm by a felon. Unpersuaded by Defendant’s docketing statement, we entered a
5 notice of proposed summary disposition, proposing to affirm. Because of what
6 appeared to be a clerical error, we also proposed to remand for the limited purpose of
7 correcting the error in the judgment and sentence. In response to our notice, Defendant
8 has filed a memorandum in opposition, and the State has filed a response, indicating
9 that it agrees with the limited remand for correction of the judgment and sentence.
10 Having considered these submissions, we affirm and remand for the aforementioned
11 correction.
12 AMENDMENT OF THE INDICTMENT
13 {2} Defendant continues to assert that the district court erred in granting the State’s
14 motion to amend the grand jury indictment to include alternative theories on Counts
15 1 and 2. [DS 4; MIO 2-4; RP 139] In proposing to reject Defendant’s assertion of
16 error in our calendar notice, we relied on State v. Lucero, 1998-NMSC-044, ¶¶ 23-25,
17 126 N.M. 552, 972 P.2d 1143, in which our Supreme Court held that, in amending an
18 indictment, adding an alternative theory of a crime does not add a different offense,
19 and such an amendment is therefore permissible under Rule 5-204 NMRA. In
20 response, Defendant continues to argue, contrary to Lucero, that willful and deliberate
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1 murder and armed-before-entry aggravated burglary are both different offenses from
2 those charged in the original indictment. [MIO 3] Defendant asserts that Lucero
3 “cannot be squared with” our Supreme Court’s decision in State v. Trivitt, 1976-
4 NMSC-004, 89 N.M. 162, 548 P.2d 442, and that Lucero “cannot be extended to the
5 present case without violating basic constitutional principles.” [MIO3-4] We are not
6 persuaded.
7 {3} In Trivitt, 1976-NMSC-004, ¶¶ 25-29, our Supreme Court concluded that
8 instructing the jury that it could convict on willful and deliberate murder even though
9 the defendant was only indicted on felony murder was reversible error. This is because
10 a defendant has the right to notice of the charge(s) against him thereby giving him the
11 opportunity to defend against the charge(s). See State v. Roman, 1998-NMCA-132,
12 ¶¶ 13-14, 125 N.M. 688, 964 P.2d 852. State v. Armijo, 1977-NMCA-070, ¶¶ 17-19,
13 90 N.M. 614, 566 P.2d 1152, illustrates the point. In that case, the indictment, which
14 initially charged the defendant with criminal sexual penetration by engaging in anal
15 intercourse while armed with a deadly weapon, was amended after the evidence was
16 concluded to add two other ways of committing criminal sexual penetration. This
17 Court reversed the defendant’s conviction, holding that amendment of the indictment
18 in this way after the evidence was concluded was reversible error because, even
19 though there was “no change in the offense charged,” the defendant was prejudiced
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1 since he had no reason to know that he needed to defend against the alternate ways of
2 committing criminal sexual penetration at trial. Id. ¶¶ 22-25.
3 {4} Armijo, then, supports our proposed disposition in three respects. First, it
4 reinforces the holding in Lucero that amending an indictment to include alternative
5 ways of committing the same offense does not mean that the defendant is being
6 charged with an “additional or different offense” for purposes of Rule 5-204. Second,
7 it reinforces the conclusion we reached in our proposed disposition that Defendant
8 was not prejudiced by the amendment because he was apprised that the State would
9 seek to convict him on the alternative theories prior to trial, not after the conclusion
10 of evidence, as was the case in Armijo. See Lucero, 1998-NMSC-044 ¶ 25
11 (“Substantial rights of [the d]efendant were not prejudiced by the addition of
12 [alternative theory of the offense. The d]efendant was placed on notice of the . . .
13 charge, and was thus not prejudiced by the amendment.”). Lastly, it provides the basis
14 for distinguishing Trivitt; the problem in that case was similar to situation in Armijo.
15 The defendant had no notice that he needed to defend against willful and deliberate
16 murder at trial because he was only indicted on felony murder. Trvitt, 1976-NMSC-
17 004, ¶¶ 25-26. Hence, instructing the jury that it could find the defendant guilty under
18 the alternative theory of willful and deliberate murder constituted reversible error. Id.19 ¶¶ 27-29. As we already explained above, the defendant in this case knew before trial
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1 that the State would seek to convict him on the alternate theories. Therefore, this case
2 is not “on all fours with Trivitt” as Defendant contends. [MIO 4]
3 {5} Moreover, to the extent that Defendant relies on Strione v. United States, 361
4 U.S. 212 (1960), [MIO 4] in which the United State Supreme Court held that “a court
5 cannot permit a defendant to be tried on charges that are not made in the indictment
6 against him,” we point out that Trivitt, 1976-NMSC-004, ¶ 27, relies in part on and
7 is in accord with that case, and for the reasons we stated above in distinguishing
8 Trivitt from the present case, we conclude that Strione does not support Defendant’s
9 argument.
10 {6} For the reasons stated above and in our calendar notice, we reject Defendant’s
11 assertions of error with respect to the amendment of the indictment to include
12 alternative theories of first degree murder and aggravated burglary.
13 FIREARM ENHANCEMENT
14 {7} Defendant asserts that the district court erred in permitting the State to add a
15 firearm enhancement to Count 1, i.e., attempt to commit first degree murder (felony
16 murder or willful and deliberate murder). Our calendar notice proposed to conclude
17 that Defendant received sufficient notice of the State’s intent to seek the firearm
18 enhancement. In response, Defendant does not specifically address this issue, and
19 instead combines his argument relative to this issue with that addressing the
20 amendment of the indictment. [MIO 4] Defendant has not pointed to any error in fact
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1 or law that convinces this Court that our calendar notice was incorrect, see Hennessy
2 v. Duryea, 1998-NMCA-036, ¶ 24, 124 N.M. 754, 955 P.2d 683 (“Our courts have
3 repeatedly held that, in summary calendar cases, the burden is on the party opposing
4 the proposed disposition to clearly point out errors in fact or law.”), and therefore for
5 the reasons set forth in the notice and above, we reject Defendant’s argument relative
6 to the firearm enhancement.
7 CHILD ABUSE CONVICTION
8 {8} In his docketing statement, Defendant asserted that the district court erred when
9 it sentenced him for second degree intentional child abuse when he had been indicted
10 on third degree negligent child abuse. [DS 4] In our calendar notice, we proposed to
11 conclude that Defendant was tried for, convicted of, and sentenced consistent with
12 negligent child abuse, i.e., the charge he was indicted on, [RP 90, 125] but it appeared
13 that the district court made a clerical error in the judgment and sentence by listing the
14 offense as “Child Abuse - Intentional (No Death or Great Bodily Harm).” [RP 151]
15 Accordingly, we proposed to remand for the limited purpose of correcting the
16 judgment and sentence to accurately reflect Defendant’s conviction for negligent child
17 abuse. In his memorandum in opposition, Defendant changed his argument relative
18 to this issue, claiming that he was “improperly sentenced for second-degree child
19 abuse because the jury did not make a finding that it was [his] second or subsequent
20 offense.” [MIO 5] This is a different argument from that articulated in his docketing
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1 statement, and we therefore construe it as a motion to amend the docketing statement.
2 Because Defendant’s memorandum in opposition does not respond to the proposed
3 disposition with respect to the issue that Defendant originally articulated, we deem the
4 issue abandoned and therefore reject Defendant’s assertion for the reasons set forth
5 in our notice. See State v. Johnson, 1988-NMCA-029, ¶ 8, 107 N.M. 356, 758 P.2d
6 306 (explaining that when a case is decided on the summary calendar, an issue is
7 deemed abandoned when a party fails to respond to the proposed disposition of that
8 issue).
9 {9} Relative to the new issue that Defendant has raised, we point out, as did
10 Defendant, [MIO5-6] that this Court has already rejected the argument that the State
11 has the burden to prove existence of a prior conviction to a jury beyond a reasonable
12 doubt. State v. Villegas, 2009-NMCA-023, ¶ 1, 145 N.M. 592, 203 P.3d 123. We point
13 out, as we did in Villegas, that Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000),
14 specifically “carves out a prior conviction exception to sentence-enhancing facts that
15 must be decided by a jury.” Villegas, 2009-NMCA-023, ¶ 3; Apprendi, 530 U.S. at16 490 (“Other than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for
17 a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and
18 proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”). Therefore, Defendant’s reliance on Apprendi
19 and State v. Frawley, 2007-NMSC-057, 143 N.M. 7, 172 P.3d 144, which relied
20 heavily on Apprendi and its progeny, is misplaced. In considering the foregoing, we
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1 conclude that Defendant has not presented a viable issue in his motion to amend, and
2 we therefore deny his motion. See State v. Munoz, 1990-NMCA-109, ¶ 19, 111 N.M.
3 118, 802 P.2d 23 (stating that if counsel had properly briefed the issue, “we would
4 deny defendant’s motion to amend because we find the issue he seeks to raise to be
5 so without merit as not to be viable”).
6 {10} For reasons set forth in our notice and in this Opinion, the district court is
7 affirmed and Defendant’s motion to amend is denied. Additionally, we remand to the
8 district court for the sole purpose of correcting the clerical error in the judgment and
9 sentence as described in this Court’s calendar notice.
10 {11} IT IS SO ORDERED.
11 __________________________________
12 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge
13 WE CONCUR:
14 _________________________________
15 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge
16 _________________________________
17 M. MONICA ZAMORA, Judge
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