State v. Geisik

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. NO. A-1-CA-36727
5 STEPHEN GEISIK,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF LOS ALAMOS COUNTY
8 Mary L. Marlowe, District Judge
9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Bennett J. Baur, Chief Public Defender
13 Caitlin C.M. Smith, Assistant Public Defender
14 Santa Fe, NM
15 for Appellant
16 MEMORANDUM OPINION
17 HANISEE, Judge.
18 {1} Defendant Stephen Geisik appeals from the judgment and sentence convicting
19 him of two counts of criminal sexual contact of a minor and contributing to the
1 delinquency of a minor. This Court’s calendar notice proposed summary affirmance.
2 Defendant filed a memorandum in opposition in which he does not respond to the
3 issue regarding the asserted double jeopardy violation resulting from his conviction
4 for two counts of criminal sexual contact of a minor. We therefore deem Defendant’s
5 double jeopardy issue abandoned. See State v. Salenas, 1991-NMCA-056, ¶ 2, 112
6 N.M. 208, 814 P.2d 136 (holding where a party has not responded to the Court’s
7 proposed disposition of an issue, that issue is deemed abandoned). We are not
8 persuaded by Defendant’s arguments as to the remaining issues. Accordingly, we
9 affirm the judgment and sentence.
10 {2} Defendant continues to argue that he had insufficient notice of the factual basis
11 for the charge of contributing to the delinquency of a minor, and his conviction should
12 therefore be reversed. [MIO 7] The calendar notice proposed to affirm on the basis
13 that the State’s amendment to the information was proper under Rule 5-204(C)
14 NMRA, and case law. See Rule 5-204(C) (stating that the district court “may at any
15 time allow the indictment or information to be amended in respect to any variance to
16 conform to the evidence”); see also State v. Roman, 1998-NMCA-132, ¶ 11, 125 N.M.
17 688, 964 P.2d 852 (“[W]e have held that it is permissible to amend an information to
18 conform to evidence introduced in support of the charge made in the information.”);
19 State v. Marquez, 1998-NMCA-010, ¶¶ 20-21, 124 N.M. 409, 951 P.2d 1070.
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1 Defendant points to no specific error in the law relied upon in the memorandum in
2 opposition, but construes Roman and Marquez in a manner that favors his argument.
3 [MIO 9-10]
4 {3} Defendant acknowledges that Roman is different because in that case the state
5 added an entirely new charge. [MIO 10] See Roman, 1998-NMCA-132, ¶ 4.
6 Nevertheless, Defendant contends that the impact of the amendment to the indictment
7 in this case was just as great because it completely changed the underlying act on
8 which the charge was based, given that the date in the information was the only
9 indicator of the nature of the charge; deprived him of the proper notice; and prevented
10 his trial counsel from mounting a defense against the charge sent to the jury. [MIO 10,
11 11] Defendant distinguishes Marquez on the basis that in that case, the year the
12 incidents were alleged to have occurred was changed to reflect the proper dates; but
13 unlike this case, he argues, the factual allegations in Marquez remained identical.
14 [MIO 11] See Marquez, 1998-NMCA-010, ¶¶ 18, 21. We are not persuaded by
15 Defendant’s arguments.
16 {4} The distinction drawn in Roman between “amendment to an information” and
17 an “amended information” is informative here. Roman, 1998-NMCA-132, ¶ 12.
18 Roman advises that the former “occurs when an otherwise adequate information is
19 supplemented” and “does not include the addition of a new charge,” while the latter
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1 “adds a new or different charge” and “acts as the filing of a new instrument that
2 supersedes the original.” Id. In this case, there was an “amendment to the information”
3 to conform to the evidence presented at trial. The amendment conformed to the
4 testimony that had already been given by the victim, Defendant was not charged with
5 an additional or different offense, and Defendant had notice of the statute under which
6 he was charged. Defendant does not cite to any authority on point to support the
7 contention that Rule 5-204(C) is inapplicable in this context, and we are aware of
8 none. See Curry v. Great Nw. Ins. Co., 2014-NMCA-031, ¶ 28, 320 P.3d 482 (“Where
9 a party cites no authority to support an argument, we may assume no such authority
10 exists.”).
11 {5} Defendant further asserts that trial counsel was prepared for trial based on the
12 understanding that the charge was grounded on the April 16 incident, as alleged in the
13 indictment [RP 1], and the victim’s allegation that Defendant let her hide at his house
14 after she ran away. [MIO 7, RP 11] Defendant contends that the other allegations
15 against him, including the allegations that he had sex with the victim and gave her
16 alcohol, all allegedly took place in March. [MIO 7, RP 9] It appears from the affidavit
17 that the victim reported that every time she had intercourse with Defendant, she had
18 been given alcohol. [RP 11] Thus, Defendant was aware both before, and during trial
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1 when the prosecutor solicited testimony from the victim on direct examination, of the
2 victim’s allegations that Defendant provided her alcohol. [MIO 4]
3 {6} Defendant also acknowledges that despite the victim’s testimony that he had
4 given her alcohol, trial counsel did not cross-examine the victim on the issue because
5 the allegations did not concern the charges against Defendant and counsel did not
6 want to draw the jury’s attention to them unnecessarily. [MIO 7] Trial counsel was
7 afforded the opportunity to cross-examine the victim after she testified, but chose not
8 to take advantage of that opportunity. Consequently, Defendant cannot complain on
9 appeal that he did not have the opportunity to cross-examine the victim in this regard.
10 {7} Thus, insofar as Defendant continues to argue that the late amendment violated
11 his constitutional right to notice of the charges against him [DS 7], we cannot say that
12 Defendant could not reasonably anticipate the nature of proof against him. See
13 Marquez, 1998-NMCA-010, ¶ 20. (“A variance is not fatal unless the accused cannot
14 reasonably anticipate from the indictment what the nature of the proof against him will
15 be.”). “[A]n indictment may be amended to conform to the evidence, so long as a
16 variance between the indictment and the evidence offered in support of it does not
17 prejudice substantial rights of the defendant.” State v. Gallegos, 1989-NMCA-066,
18 ¶ 49, 109 N.M. 55, 781 P.2d 783. While it can be said that the factual nature of the
19 incident relating to the amended charges was different, Defendant was aware of both
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1 incidents prior to trial, either of which could form the basis for the contributing to the
2 delinquency of a minor charge. Moreover, Defendant makes no assertion that he
3 moved for a continuance or postponement, or that he made a proffer of additional
4 evidence he sought to present that was denied by the district court. Defendant has not
5 affirmatively shown actual prejudice, and absent such a showing we conclude that
6 there was no reversible error. State v. Fernandez, 1994-NMCA-056, ¶ 13, 117 N.M.
7 673, 875 P.2d 1104 (“In the absence of prejudice, there is no reversible error.”); see
8 also In re Ernesto M., Jr., 1996-NMCA-039, ¶ 10, 121 N.M. 562, 915 P.2d 318 (“An
9 assertion of prejudice is not a showing of prejudice.”).
10 {8} Defendant continues to argue that preventing him from cross-examining the
11 State’s sexual assault nurse examination (SANE) nurse about the cause of the victim’s
12 injuries denied him his right to confront and cross-examine the witnesses against him.
13 [MIO 14, 17] Defendant disagrees with the reference in the calendar notice to the
14 application of Rule 11-413 NMRA as a potential basis for exclusion of the evidence.
15 [MIO 19-22, CN 7] The calendar notice also proposed to conclude that even
16 assuming without deciding it was error to exclude the testimony, Defendant did not
17 establish prejudice. [CN 7] In this regard, the calendar notice noted that the docketing
18 statement did not indicate whether the SANE nurse actually testified to this at trial
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1 [CN 6], as this would determine whether the right to cross-examine the witness was
2 even at issue.
3 {9} The memorandum in opposition does not respond by indicating whether the
4 SANE nurse testified to the alleged statement by the victim. [MIO 14] See
5 Mondragon, 1988-NMCA-027, ¶ 10, 107 N.M. 421, 759 P.2d 1003, superceded by
6 statute as stated in State v. Harris, 2013-NMCA-031, ¶ 3, 297 P.3d 374. We therefore
7 conclude that the question Defendant sought to pose exceeded the scope of cross-
8 examination. See State v. Bent, 2013-NMCA-108, ¶ 10, 328 P.3d 677 (“The general
9 rule upon the scope of cross-examination . . . is that the examination can only relate
10 to the facts and circumstances connected with the matters stated in the direct
11 examination of the witness.” (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)).
12 {10} For all of these reasons, and those stated in the calendar notice, we affirm.
13 {11} IT IS SO ORDERED.
14 _______________________________
15 J. MILES HANISEE, Judge
16 WE CONCUR:
17 ____________________________
18 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Judge
19 ____________________________
20 HENRY M. BOHNHOFF, Judge
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