State v. J Martinez

1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. NO. 28,963
5 JENNIFER L. MARTINEZ,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF OTERO COUNTY
8 Frank K. Wilson, District Judge
9 Gary K. King, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Hugh W. Dangler, Chief Public Defender
13 Nancy M. Hewitt, Appellate Defender
14 Santa Fe, NM
15 for Appellant
16 MEMORANDUM OPINION
17 CASTILLO, Judge.
18 Defendant pled no contest to possession of a controlled substance and
19 possession of drug paraphernalia. She appeals her sentence as illegal. We issued a
1 notice of proposed summary disposition, proposing to affirm. Defendant has
2 responded to our notice with a memorandum in opposition. We have considered
3 Defendant’s response and remain unpersuaded. We therefore affirm.
4 On appeal, Defendant challenges the district court’s enhancement of her
5 sentence based on a prior felony conviction because the prior offense Defendant
6 committed was reclassified as a misdemeanor after Defendant’s conviction.
7 Defendant argues that her 2003 conviction for attempt to commit forgery should not
8 be used to enhance her current sentence, urging us to “look, not to the designation of
9 her prior offense at the time it was committed, but to the nature of her offense as it [is]
10 now regarded.” [MIO 4] Our case law does not follow the approach advocated by
11 Defendant.
12 As we observed in our notice, the Supreme Court held in State v. Moya,
13 2007-NMSC-027, ¶ 1, 141 N.M. 817, 161 P.3d 862, that “prior out-of-state
14 misdemeanor convictions can be used to enhance a sentence if the offense would have
15 been classified as a felony in New Mexico at the time of conviction.” “The definition
16 of a ‘prior felony conviction’ depends on whether the prior conviction occurred within
17 the jurisdiction of New Mexico or outside of New Mexico.” Id. ¶ 3 (citing the
18 Habitual Offender Act, NMSA 1978, § 31-18-17(D) (2003)). Section 31-18-17(D)(1)
19 of the habitual offender statute defines a “prior felony conviction” that has occurred
2
1 within New Mexico as “a conviction . . . for a prior felony committed within New
2 Mexico whether within the Criminal Code or not . . . .” (Emphasis added.) See Moya,
3 2007-NMSC-027, ¶ 3. Section 31-18-17(D)(2) of the statute defines a “prior felony
4 conviction” that has occurred outside of New Mexico as the following:
5 (2) a prior felony . . . for which the person was convicted
6 other than an offense triable by court martial if:
7 (a) the conviction was rendered by a court of
8 another state, the United States, a territory of the United States or the
9 commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
10 (b) the offense was punishable, at the time of
11 conviction, by death or a maximum term of imprisonment of more than
12 one year; or
13 (c) the offense would have been classified as a
14 felony in this state at the time of conviction.
15 Id.16 The plain meaning of the language of the statute indicates that a sentence may
17 be enhanced by a prior New Mexico conviction for an offense classified as a felony
18 at the time of the conviction. See Moya, 2007-NMSC-027, ¶ 7 (indicating that, unlike
19 the “prior conviction” definition for prior out-of-state convictions, there is no question
20 that the plain language of the statute requires that the New Mexico conviction be a
21 felony at the time of conviction). Although the Moya Court did not unanimously
22 agree about whether a misdemeanor conviction obtained in another state that would
23 be a felony in New Mexico at the time of the out-of-state conviction could be used to
24 enhance the defendant’s sentence, both the majority and dissenting opinions looked
3
1 at the classification of the crime at the time of conviction. See id. ¶¶ 7, 17, 19; see
2 also id. ¶ 24 (Minzner, J., dissenting). The majority concluded that as long as the
3 conviction would have been classified as a felony in New Mexico at the time of
4 conviction, it can be used as a “prior felony conviction” to enhance a sentence. See
5 id. ¶¶ 17, 19.
6 Because Defendant’s conviction was for a prior felony, we hold that the district
7 court properly enhanced her sentence under the Habitual Offender Act. We believe
8 that this result, rather than the approach Defendant advocates, is consistent with the
9 goal of reducing recidivism and the deterrent, rehabilitative, and punitive purposes of
10 the statute: “(1) . . . discouraging those who have previously committed serious
11 crimes from engaging in similar conduct within New Mexico; and (2) . . .
12 incarcerating for a longer period of time those who have shown a repeated inclination
13 to commit serious offenses.” Id. ¶ 18 (alterations added) (internal quotation marks
14 and citation omitted).
15 Accordingly, we affirm.
16 IT IS SO ORDERED.
17 ________________________________
18 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Judge
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1 WE CONCUR:
2 _________________________________
3 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge
4 _________________________________
5 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge
5