State v. E Duran

1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. NO. 29,127
5 ERNIE DURAN,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DOÑA ANA COUNTY
8 Stephen Bridgforth, District Judge
9 Gary K. King, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 Max Shepherd, Assistant Attorney General
12 Albuquerque, NM
13 for Appellee
14 Hugh W. Dangler, Chief Public Defender
15 Santa Fe, NM
16 Monica Tolden, Assistant Public Defender
17 Las Cruces, NM
18 for Appellant
19 MEMORANDUM OPINION
20 KENNEDY, Judge.
21 Defendant Ernie Duran appeals the district court’s denial of his motion to
22 dismiss based on a violation of Rule 6-506 NMRA. We issued a calendar notice
1 proposing to summarily reverse the district court. The State filed a timely
2 memorandum in opposition, which we have duly considered. Unpersuaded by the
3 State’s response, we reverse and remand this case to the district court to dismiss the
4 charges against Defendant.
5 DISCUSSION
6 Defendant argues that the district court erred in denying Defendant’s motion to
7 dismiss based on a violation of the time limits for bringing his case to trial under Rule
8 6-506. [DS 5] Defendant contends that there were no “exceptional circumstances”
9 shown by the State to justify filing a motion for an extension within ten days after the
10 expiration of the time limits. [Id.]
11 “Rule 6-506 requires a defendant’s trial to commence within one-hundred
12 eighty-two days of a triggering event, absent permissible extensions.” See State v.
13 Carreon, 2006-NMCA-145, ¶ 6, 140 N.M. 779, 149 P.3d 95, cert. quashed, 2007-
14 NMCERT-008, 142 N.M. 436, 166 P.3d 1090. The State may obtain an extension by
15 a motion filed within ten days of the expiration of the applicable time limits; however,
16 the State must show exceptional circumstances beyond the control of the State or the
17 trial court. See State v. Dominguez, 2007-NMCA-132, ¶ 7, 142 N.M. 631, 168 P.3d
18 761 (discussing extensions for the district court’s six-month rule as provided in Rule
19 5-604(E) NMRA). The district court’s application of the six-month rule is an issue
2
1 we review de novo. Id. ¶ 8.
2 In this case, Defendant was arraigned in magistrate court on March 7, 2008, on
3 charges of driving under the influence of alcohol/drugs, speeding, driving with a
4 suspended or revoked license, and no insurance. [RP 71] Pursuant to the district
5 attorney’s policy, after Defendant made a timely demand for a jury trial, the State
6 dismissed the magistrate court case and refiled the same charges in the district court.
7 [Id.] Under the magistrate court rules, the time limits for commencement of trial
8 would have expired on September 5, 2008. [Id. 72] See Rule 6-506. On September
9 10, the State filed a petition for an extension of time. [RP 63-64] The State
10 acknowledged in its petition that pursuant to the case of State v. Yates, filed July 25,
11 2008, the six-month rule would be calculated from the time of arraignment in
12 magistrate court. [RP 64] See Yates 2008-NMCA-129, ¶ 11, 144 N.M. 859, 192 P.3d
13 1236, cert. granted by State v. Savedra, 2008-NMCERT-009, 145 N.M. 258, 196 P.3d
14 489. The State conceded that pursuant to Yates it was filing the petition after the
15 expiration of the rule; however, the State claimed that exceptional circumstances
16 existed because it had “been operating under the good faith belief that the six month
17 rule commenced upon arraignment in District Court.” [Id.] Defendant opposed the
18 petition and filed a motion to dismiss based on the expiration of the time limits for
19 commencing trial. [RP 64, 66-67] After a hearing, the district court found that the
3
1 time limits for bringing Defendant to trial had expired under Rule 6-506 and that the
2 State was seeking an extension within the ten-day period after expiration of the rule,
3 which is limited to exceptional circumstances. [RP 72] See Rule 6-506(D). The court
4 found that exceptional circumstances existed because the State did not know about
5 Yates until August 1, 2008, and had not had time to discover all of the cases within its
6 possession that were affected by Yates prior to the expiration of the time limits in Rule
7 6-506 in this case. [Id.]
8 Defendant appealed, challenging the district court’s conclusion that exceptional
9 circumstances existed to justify the State’s request for an extension after the expiration
10 of the applicable time limits. [DS 5] We issued a calendar notice proposing to agree
11 with Defendant. As discussed in the calendar notice, we were not persuaded that the
12 State’s failing to assess the effect of a decision of this Court for more than a month
13 constituted exceptional circumstances. See Dominguez, 2007-NMCA-132, ¶ 11
14 (rejecting the State’s assertion that it did not seek an extension earlier because of a
15 heavy caseload). Committee commentary in the magistrate and district court rules
16 indicates that “exceptional circumstances” include situations beyond the control of the
17 State or trial court, such as the death or illness of the judge, prosecutor, or defense
18 attorney immediately before trial. See Rule 6-506; Rule 5-604(E). We therefore
19 proposed to reverse the district court on its ruling that exceptional circumstances
4
1 applied.
2 The State’s memorandum in opposition does not address our proposed
3 disposition on exceptional circumstances. Instead, the State argues that Yates was
4 incorrectly decided and that the parties, the district court, and this Court should not
5 rely on it. [MIO 1-14] We note that the State did not argue below that Yates did not
6 apply. [RP 63-65] The State raised Yates itself to justify its petition for an extension
7 and assumed it applied. [Id.] Thus, the State did not preserve the argument that it
8 now makes on appeal. In addition, by assuming that Yates applied, the State did not
9 even attempt to show that it was dismissing and refiling the case for a proper reason,
10 but argued that Yates amounted to an exceptional circumstance justifying an
11 extension. As a result, the State has no basis for now arguing on appeal that the State
12 carried its burden of establishing that its policy was not used to circumvent the six-
13 month rule. Cf. State v. Lozano, 2008-NMCA-082, ¶ 6, 144 N.M. 250, 185 P.3d 110014 (addressing a similar policy as that in Yates, but reaching a different conclusion by
15 recognizing that the district court had a factual basis for finding that there was no
16 intent to use the policy to circumvent the six-month rule).
17 Because the State raises a new issue on appeal that was not preserved, and
18 because it failed to address our proposed disposition on exceptional circumstances, we
19 remain persuaded that exceptional circumstances did not exist to justify filing a
5
1 request for an extension after the applicable time limits for bringing this case to trial
2 had expired. We therefore reverse the district court’s order denying Defendant’s
3 motion to dismiss.
4 CONCLUSION
5 For these reasons, and those in the calendar notice, we reverse the district court
6 and instruct the court to enter an order dismissing the charges against Defendant for
7 violation of the six-month rule.
8 IT IS SO ORDERED.
9 ___________________________________
10 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge
11 WE CONCUR:
12 ___________________________
13 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Judge
14 ___________________________
15 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge
6