State v. Aguilera

1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please
2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions.
3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated
4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does
5 not include the filing date.
6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
8 Plaintiff-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 30,799
10 LORENZO AGUILERA,
11 Defendant-Appellant.
12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DOÑA ANA COUNTY
13 Lisa C. Schultz, District Judge
14 Gary K. King, Attorney General
15 Santa Fe, NM
16 for Appellee
17 Chief Public Defender
18 Kimberly Chavez Cook, Assistant Appellate Defender
19 Santa Fe, NM
20 for Appellant
21 MEMORANDUM OPINION
22 KENNEDY, Judge.
23 Defendant appeals the district court’s order setting Defendant’s case for bench
24 trial and denying Defendant’s appeal from a magistrate court order rejecting his
1 request for a jury trial. [RP 82] We issued a calendar notice proposing to dismiss the
2 appeal because it appears a final order was never entered in magistrate court.
3 Defendant filed a memorandum in opposition. We remain persuaded as to the
4 proposed outcome and dismiss the appeal for the reasons stated in the calendar notice.
5 In his memorandum in opposition, Defendant urges this Court to reach the
6 merits of Defendant’s appeal. He argues Defendant’s appeal should not be postponed
7 merely to satisfy the technical requirement of a written order. While we acknowledge
8 we are concerned by the implication to Defendant of the apparent practice of
9 postponing the sentencing phase in cases of conditional pleas in some magistrate
10 courts, we decline to make an exception as to the requirement of a final written order
11 in this case.
12 As more fully outlined in our calendar notice, the long-standing rule in New
13 Mexico is that in criminal cases, “the judgment is final for the purpose of appeal when
14 it terminates the litigation on the merits and leaves nothing to be done but
15 [enforcement] . . . . A sentence must be imposed to complete the steps of the
16 prosecution.” State v. Durant, 2000-NMCA-066, ¶ 5, 129 N.M. 345, 7 P.3d 49517 (alteration in original) (emphasis omitted) (internal quotation marks and citations
18 omitted). Therefore, the final judgment in criminal cases “either adjudicates the
19 defendant guilty and imposes, suspends, or defers sentence or dismisses the charges.”
2
1 Id.; see also State v. Celusniak, 2004-NMCA-070, ¶ 14, 135 N.M. 728, 93 P.3d 102 (reiterating that the final judgment in a criminal case either convicts the defendant of
3 a criminal offense and imposes, suspends, or defers sentence or dismisses the charges
4 against the defendant). This is not a requirement that is litigated on a case-by-case
5 basis. State v. Lohberger, 2008-NMSC-033, ¶ 22, 144 N.M. 297, 187 P.3d 162.
6 We therefore dismiss the appeal for lack of a final order. Once a final order has
7 been entered, Defendant may appeal in accordance with our Rules of Appellate
8 procedure.
9 IT IS SO ORDERED.
10 ___________________________________
11 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge
12 WE CONCUR:
13 ___________________________
14 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge
15 ___________________________
16 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge
3