State v. Lopez

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. NO. 32,524
5 EDMUND LOPEZ,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF GRANT COUNTY
8 Henry R. Quintero, District Judge
9 Gary K. King, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 Jane A. Bernstein, Assistant Attorney General
12 Albuquerque, NM
13 for Appellee
14 Bennett J. Baur, Acting Chief Public Defender
15 Nicole Murray, Assistant Appellate Defender
16 Santa Fe, NM
17 for Appellant
18 MEMORANDUM OPINION
19 VANZI, Judge.
1 Defendant appeals his convictions for criminal sexual penetration in the first
2 degree (child under 13), attempt to commit criminal sexual penetration in the second
3 degree (although the judgment misstates the crime), and criminal sexual contact of a
4 minor in the third degree (child under 13). We issued a calendar notice proposing to
5 remand for correction of a clerical error and to reduce the term of probation. We
6 proposed to affirm on the remaining four issues. The State has responded by
7 indicating it will not be filing a memorandum in opposition. Defendant has responded
8 with a memorandum in opposition and a motion to reconsider the denial of his motion
9 to supplement the record with his rejected jury instruction. Defendant’s motion is
10 denied. We affirm in part and reverse and remand in part.
11 For purposes of consistency, we address the issues as they were ordered in the
12 docketing statement.
13 Issue 1: Defendant continues to claim that the district court erred in refusing
14 to allow defense counsel to ask prospective jurors how they voted in a previous case
15 involving defense counsel (but not Defendant) that resulted in a hung jury. [MIO 11]
16 The district court is granted broad discretion in limiting the scope of questioning
17 during voir dire. State v. Sosa, 1997-NMSC-032, ¶ 14, 123 N.M. 564, 943 P.2d 1017.
18 In light of the fact that Defendant was not involved in that other case, and had no right
19 to poll that jury, we believe that it was not an abuse of discretion for the district court
20 to allow prospective jurors to maintain the confidentiality of the jury process. In
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1 addition, it is purely speculative to say that the prospective jurors would vote in a
2 manner consistent with any previous case with unrelated facts. Instead of bias, the
3 jurors may have voted in a manner consistent with the evidence before them.
4 Issue 2: Defendant continues to claim that he was denied due process by
5 unduly broad charging dates. [MIO 6] However, in the docketing statement,
6 Defendant did not refer to the charging documents, which limit the acts to a three-
7 month period. [RP 1, 44] Instead, Defendant referred us to the victim’s testimony
8 elicited on cross-examination that there was abuse over a period of one year. [DS 4]
9 To the extent that this testimony might have referenced other acts, Defendant was not
10 charged and convicted for these acts and, therefore, he has not suffered any due
11 process prejudice. Although Defendant now claims that the three-month period in the
12 charging documents was too lengthy [MIO 7], this per se allegation of three months
13 being too long is insufficient to establish a due process violation. Cf. State v.
14 Baldonado, 1998-NMCA-040, ¶ 23, 124 N.M. 745, 955 P.2d 214 (declining to hold
15 that two-year period in charging document was too long as a matter of law because
16 “[i]t is possible that a two-year period, or larger, may be the most narrow time frame
17 the prosecutor can be required to muster in an appropriate case”).
18 Issue 3: Defendant challenges the refusal to instruct the jury with his tendered
19 instructions Nos. 4 and 6. [MIO 4-5] The instructions included language that
20 Defendant’s acts must have been unlawful and that it is not unlawful to penetrate the
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1 victim for medical purposes. [MIO 4-5] Although the jury instruction in this case did
2 not include the element of unlawfulness [RP 141], it is not error to omit that element
3 from a jury instruction where the predicate act is, by its very nature, unlawful. In this
4 case, the insertion of a thermometer into the victim’s vagina could not reasonably be
5 considered lawful. [RP 141] Therefore, there was no need to give Defendant’s
6 instruction No. 4, dealing with unlawfulness. It follows that requested instruction No.
7 6 was properly refused because no reasonable juror could conclude that the vaginal
8 penetration was made for medical purposes. See State v. Gaitan, 2002-NMSC-007,
9 ¶ 11, 131 N.M. 758, 42 P.3d 1207 (observing that a jury instruction does not need to
10 be given where no reasonable view of the evidence supports it).
11 Issue 4: Defendant has challenged the imposition of a sentence of six years for
12 his conviction for attempted criminal sexual contact in the second degree. [MIO 13]
13 Defendant correctly observes that three years is the basic sentence for attempt to
14 commit a second degree felony. [MIO 13-14] However, six years is the basic
15 sentence for attempt to commit a second degree felony for a crime involving a sexual
16 offense against a child, as occurred here. See NMSA 1978, § 30-28-1(B) (1963);
17 NMSA 1978, § 31-18-15(A)(8) (2007). To accept Defendant’s argument that Section
18 31-18-15(A)(8) only applies to completed crimes is to ignore the plain language of
19 both of these statutes. We note, however, that the judgment and sentence contains a
20 clerical error. Although the term of the sentence is correct, the judgment misstates
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1 Defendant’s conviction on Count 2. Defendant was convicted of attempted criminal
2 sexual contact of a minor in the second degree, and not attempted CSP, as stated in the
3 judgment. [RP 142, 159, 164] Accordingly, we remand for correction of the clerical
4 error.
5 Issue 5: Defendant has challenged the inclusion of a term of probation in the
6 judgment and sentence. The district court placed Defendant on probation pursuant to
7 NMSA 1978, Section 31-20-5.2 (2003), which addresses sex offender probation. [RP
8 166] That statute applies where there is a suspended or deferred sentence. See § 31-
9 20-5.2(A) (“When a district court defers imposition of a sentence for a sex offender,
10 or suspends all or any portion of a sentence for a sex offender, the district court shall
11 include a provision in the judgment and sentence that specifically requires the sex
12 offender to serve an indeterminate period of supervised probation.”). Here, the district
13 court imposed the maximum period of incarceration with no portion of the sentence
14 deferred or suspended. [RP 165] In the absence of independent statutory authority,
15 the general rule is that probation may not extend beyond the maximum sentence. See
16 State v. Crespin, 96 N.M. 640, 642, 633 P.2d 1238, 1240 (Ct. App. 1981).
17 Accordingly, we reverse that portion of Defendant’s sentence.
18 Issue 6: Defendant challenges the denial of good time credit for Count 2,
19 attempt to commit CSP in the second degree. [MIO 16] This attempt crime is not one
20 of the enumerated crimes eligible for the denial of good time credit. See NMSA 1978,
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1 § 33-2-34(L)(4) (2006). We therefore reverse this portion of the sentence. See State
2 v. Loretto, 2006-NMCA-142, ¶ 9, 140 N.M. 705, 147 P.3d 1138.
3 For the reasons set forth above, we affirm on issues 1-3, we remand on issue 4
4 for correction of a clerical error, and we reverse and remand for re-sentencing on
5 issues 5-6.
6 IT IS SO ORDERED.
7 __________________________________
8 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge
9 WE CONCUR:
10 _________________________________
11 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Chief Judge
12 _________________________________
13 J. MILES HANISEE, Judge
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