State v. Hughes

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. A-1-CA-36898
5 HANDEL CABRAL HUGHES,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF OTERO COUNTY
8 Jerry H. Ritter, Jr., District Judge
9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
13 Santa Fe, NM
14 Bennett J. Baur, Chief Public Defender
15 Nina Lalevic, Assistant Appellate Defender
16 Santa Fe, NM
17 for Appellant
18 MEMORANDUM OPINION
19 VANZI, Chief Judge.
1 {1} Defendant appeals from his convictions for kidnapping, armed robbery,
2 conspiracy, child abuse, and aggravated assault. We previously issued a notice of
3 proposed summary disposition in which we proposed to uphold the convictions.
4 Defendant has filed a memorandum in opposition. After due consideration, we remain
5 unpersuaded. We therefore affirm.
6 {2} The relevant background information has previously been set forth. We will
7 avoid undue reiteration here, and focus instead on the content of the memorandum in
8 opposition.
9 {3} First, Defendant renews his argument that the district court erred in denying his
10 privately-retained trial attorney’s motion to withdraw, submitted at Defendant’s
11 request immediately before trial, based on concerns stemming from Defendant’s
12 failure to pay the attorney’s fees. [DS 11, MIO 10-15] Defendant asserts that the
13 denial of the motion effectively deprived him of the right to conflict-free
14 representation, and resulted in ineffective assistance. [MIO 12-15]
15 {4} “When ineffective assistance of counsel is based on a conflict of interest,
16 prejudice is presumed and need not be proved.” State v. Santillanes,
17 1990-NMCA-035, ¶ 7, 109 N.M. 781, 790 P.2d 1062. “However, there must be an
18 actual conflict of interest and not just a possibility of a conflict.” Id. The test for
19 determining the existence of an actual conflict is whether counsel actively represented
2
1 conflicting interests that adversely affected his performance, or whether some
2 plausible defense might have been pursued but was not because it would be damaging
3 to another’s interest. Id.4 {5} In this case, Defendant provides no support for the proposition that his failure
5 to pay his attorney created such actual conflict. To the extent that Defendant invites
6 the Court to recognize an inherent or categorical conflict of interest under the
7 circumstances presented, we decline to do so. As we previously observed, attorneys
8 routinely fulfill their professional responsibilities without remuneration; this does not
9 create an inherent conflict or render them ineffective. See Rule 16-601 NMRA (“The
10 legal profession has a responsibility to provide legal services to those unable to pay.”).
11 Moreover, Defendant fails to identify any specific, viable defense strategy that he was
12 prevented from pursuing. [MIO 13] In this regard, we note that Defendant’s
13 generalized assertions about counsel’s lack of preparation and failure to investigate
14 are not persuasive. [MIO 12-13, 15] See State v. Cordova, 2014-NMCA-081, ¶ 10,
15 331 P.3d 980 (“A general claim of failure to investigate is not sufficient to establish
16 a prima facie case if there is no evidence in the record indicating what information
17 would have been discovered.”). We therefore reject Defendant’s first assertion of
18 error.
3
1 {6} By his second issue, Defendant continues to assert that the district court erred
2 in denying his motion for continuance. [DS 11; MIO 15-17] However, the relevant
3 factors indicate otherwise. See State v. Torres, 1999-NMSC-010, ¶ 10, 127 N.M. 20,
4 976 P.2d 20. The length of the requested delay is six months, which is significant.
5 [MIO 8, 16] We cannot say that the delay would have accomplished Defendant’s
6 objectives, because none were clearly specified. Although Defendant contends that a
7 continuance would have allowed him to obtain funds to pay an attorney or to seek the
8 appointment of a public defender, [MIO 17] the record is devoid of support for those
9 assertions. [MIO 7] See State v. Hall, 2013-NMSC-001, ¶ 28, 294 P.3d 1235 (“It is
10 not our practice to rely on assertions of counsel unaccompanied by support in the
11 record.” (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)). The trial court had already
12 granted numerous continuances at Defendant’s request. [MIO 8] Insofar as the motion
13 was made on the morning of trial and the jury had been impaneled, granting the
14 requested continuance would have significantly inconvenienced the court, the State,
15 and the victims. [MIO 8] And although the motive might have been legitimate, [MIO
16 9] the prejudice to Defendant was entirely speculative, given that no specific,
17 plausible avenue of defense was identified. In light of these considerations, we
18 conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the requested
19 continuance. See, e.g., State v. Gonzales, 2017-NMCA-080, ¶¶ 32-40, 406 P.3d 5344
1 (holding that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying a motion for
2 continuance that was filed the day of trial, given the anticipated three months of
3 additional delay, as well as the patent inconvenience to the court and the State, and the
4 failure to establish prejudice); State v. Archuleta, 2012-NMCA-007, ¶¶ 3, 5, 269 P.3d
5 924 (upholding the denial of a motion for continuance filed the day before trial, where
6 the defendant asserted that he was unprepared but provided insufficient reasons why,
7 and did not explain how additional preparation would have benefitted the defense).
8 {7} Finally, Defendant renews his challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to
9 establish that he did not voluntarily release the victims in a safe place, [MIO 19] and
10 that he participated in the home invasion which forms the basis for his convictions.
11 [MIO 18-20] We limit the scope of analysis accordingly. See State v. Dawson,
12 1999-NMCA-072, ¶ 13, 127 N.M. 472, 983 P.2d 421 (“We limit ourselves to those
13 elements that [the d]efendant claims to have been insufficiently proved.”).
14 {8} As previously described in the notice of proposed summary disposition, no
15 evidence appears to have been presented that Defendant voluntarily released the
16 victims in a safe place; instead, Defendant simply fled when the police arrived. [MIO
17 2] With respect to Defendant’s attack upon the sufficiency of the evidence identifying
18 him as a perpetrator, one of the victims identified Defendant in the course of her
19 testimony. [MIO 4] Additionally, the State presented evidence that numerous items
5
1 were recovered from the vehicle that was left at the scene by the perpetrators when
2 they fled on foot, including Defendant’s identification card and Defendant’s cell
3 phone, from which numerous incriminating text messages were retrieved. [MIO 2-3]
4 This supplies ample support for the convictions.
5 {9} Accordingly, for the reasons stated above and in the notice of proposed
6 summary disposition, we affirm.
7 {10} IT IS SO ORDERED.
8
9 LINDA M. VANZI, Chief Judge
10 WE CONCUR:
11
12 J. MILES HANISEE, Judge
13
14 JULIE J. VARGAS, Judge
6