State v. Rivas

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. No. 31,971
5 ANTHONY MARCUS RIVAS,
6 Defendant-Appellant,
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DOÑA ANA COUNTY
8 Fernando Macias, District Judge
9 Gary K. King, Attorney General
10 Margaret E. McLean, Assistant Attorney General
11 Joel Jacobsen, Assistant Attorney General
12 Santa Fe, NM
13 for Appellee
14 Bennett J. Baur, Acting Chief Public Defender
15 Kathleen T. Baldridge, Assistant Appellate Defender
16 Santa Fe, NM
17 for Appellant
18 MEMORANDUM OPINION
19 FRY, Judge.
20 {1} Defendant Anthony Marcus Rivas appeals the revocation of his probation. The
21 State concedes that the district court erroneously concluded that the 2011 amendment
1 to Rule 5-805 NMRA did not apply in the present case. Nonetheless, the State
2 maintains that affirmance of the probation revocation is warranted because even if the
3 district court had applied the 2011 amendment, dismissal of the petition for revocation
4 would have constituted an abuse of discretion. We are not persuaded by the State’s
5 arguments, and we therefore reverse and remand for further proceedings.
6 DISCUSSION
7 {2} We review decisions to revoke probation for abuse of discretion. State v.
8 Martinez, 1989-NMCA-036, ¶ 5, 108 N.M. 604, 775 P.2d 1321. Generally speaking,
9 this is a highly deferential standard of review. However, “the abuse-of-discretion
10 standard does not preclude an appellate court from correcting errors premised on the
11 trial court’s misapprehension of the law.” State v. Barnett, 1998-NMCA-105, ¶ 13,
12 125 N.M. 739, 965 P.2d 323.
13 {3} The 2011 amendment to Rule 5-805(L) provides that the courts “may dismiss
14 [a] motion to revoke probation for violating any of the time limits” set forth in earlier
15 sub-parts of the rule. Id. The annotations clarify that this amended provision is
16 “effective for all hearings held in the district court on or after November 1, 2011.” Id.
17 In this case, the record reflects that the hearing was conducted on December 5, 2011.
18 Accordingly, the parties are correct that the amended version is applicable such that
2
1 the district court was vested with discretion to dismiss the petition as a result of the
2 State’s apparent failure to comply with the deadlines set forth in Rule 5-805.
3 {4} However, the district court was under the misimpression that the prior version
4 of Rule 5-805 applied, such that dismissal could only have been warranted if,
5 considering the various time limits in the aggregate, the adjudicatory hearing was not
6 conducted in a timely fashion. See generally State v. Montoya, 2011-NMCA-009,
7 ¶¶ 11-16, 149 N.M. 242, 247 P.3d 1127 (discussing the prior version of Rule 5-805,
8 specifically in relation to the aggregate approach to evaluating the timeliness of an
9 adjudicatory hearing). Because Defendant’s motion to dismiss was premised on the
10 violation of the time limits associated with earlier stages of the proceeding, rather than
11 on the timing of the later adjudicatory hearing, the error effectively precluded the
12 district court from exercising the discretion with which it is vested under the current
13 rule.
14 {5} As an initial matter, we address the State’s argument that Defendant failed to
15 preserve his argument that his probation officer failed to timely file a probation
16 revocation report, in violation of Rule 5-805(E). While we agree that Defendant’s
17 motion to dismiss did not mention Subsection (E), the district court never conducted
18 a hearing on Defendant’s motion because it ruled that the 2011 amendment to Rule
3
1 5-805 did not apply. As a result, Defendant did not have the opportunity to expand
2 on the specific arguments set forth in his written motion.
3 {6} But even if we disregard Defendant’s argument based on Subsection (E), we are
4 still faced with his argument founded on Subsection (F), which requires the State to
5 file a petition to revoke probation within five days of receiving either the probation
6 violation report or a summary of that report. While it is not clear precisely when the
7 district attorney received the probation violation report in this case, the record
8 contains a “Notice of Arrest” filed by the State on September 28, 2011, which reflects
9 that the State had received either the full probation violation report or a summary of
10 it by that date. Because Subsection (F) required the State to file the petition to revoke
11 probation within the next five days, the actual filing of the petition on October 20
12 occurred well beyond the applicable deadline. Under the current version of Rule 5-
13 805, this violation supplied a potential basis for dismissal of the petition to revoke
14 Defendant’s probation. See Rule 5-805(L) (providing without limitation that the
15 district courts may dismiss motions to revoke probation for violating any of the time
16 limits set forth in Rule 5-805).
17 {7} The State argues that the amended version of Rule 5-805 should be interpreted
18 as permitting dismissal only in circumstances where a defendant has been prejudiced
19 by a delay that exceeds the aggregate time limits stated in the rule. We decline to
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1 interpret the rule in this fashion because nothing in the rule suggests that Defendant
2 must demonstrate prejudice, and a comparison of the previous and current versions
3 of the rule does not suggest that such a showing is required. The prior version
4 contemplated dismissals only if the adjudicatory hearing was not timely conducted,
5 either in light of the specific sixty-day deadline set forth in Subsection (H) or when
6 considering all of the other deadlines leading up to the adjudicatory hearing in the
7 aggregate. See Montoya, 2011-NMCA-009, ¶¶ 11-16. By contrast, the new version
8 takes an isolating approach to each of the various deadlines associated with each of
9 the different events and proceedings described in Rule 5-805, such that the courts are
10 permitted to consider dismissal whenever any time limit is violated. See Rule 5-
11 805(L). For the present purposes, the distinction is material because the State’s
12 apparent violation of Subsection (F) could supply a basis for dismissal of the petition,
13 regardless of the timeliness of the subsequent adjudicatory hearing.
14 {8} Finally, the State suggests that the apparent violation of Subsection (F) could
15 not have supplied a basis for granting Defendant’s motion because dismissal would
16 have been an abuse of discretion as a matter of law. However, we are presented with
17 a situation in which the district court entirely failed to exercise its discretion. See
18 generally Waters-Haskins v. N.M. Human Servs. Dep’t, 2008-NMCA-127, ¶ 8, 144
19 N.M. 853, 192 P.3d 1230 (“A failure to exercise discretion conferred by law is, of
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1 itself, an abuse of discretion.”), rev’d on other grounds, 2009-NMSC-031, 146 N.M.
2 391, 210 P.3d 817. Contrary to the State’s suggestion, we cannot and will not
3 supplant the district court relative to the exercise of that discretion.
4 CONCLUSION
5 {9} For the reasons stated above, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.
6 {10} IT IS SO ORDERED.
7
8 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Judge
9 WE CONCUR:
10
11 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Chief Judge
12
13 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge
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