State v. Lopez

1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please
2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions.
3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated
4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does
5 not include the filing date.
6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
8 Plaintiff-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 30,809
10 DANIEL PAUL LOPEZ,
11 Defendant-Appellant.
12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DOÑA ANA COUNTY
13 Lisa C. Schultz, District Judge
14 Gary K. King, Attorney General
15 Santa Fe, NM
16 for Appellee
17 Chief Public Defender
18 Allison H. Jaramillo, Assistant Appellate Defender
19 Santa Fe, NM
20 for Appellant
21 MEMORANDUM OPINION
22 KENNEDY, Judge.
23 In this appeal, Defendant contends that the State did not present sufficient
24 evidence to support his conviction for kidnaping in the first degree. [DS 4, 186, 193]
1 This Court’s calendar notice proposed summary affirmance. Defendant has filed a
2 memorandum in opposition. Unpersuaded, we affirm.
3 DISCUSSION
4 As we discussed in the calendar notice, “‘[t]he test for sufficiency of the
5 evidence is whether substantial evidence of either a direct or circumstantial nature
6 exists to support a verdict of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt with respect to every
7 element essential to a conviction.’” State v. Riley, 2010-NMSC-005, ¶ 12, 147 N.M.
8 557, 226 P.3d 656. In the calendar notice, moreover, we noted that the jury
9 instructions were not filed in the record proper, and we presumed that the jury was
10 instructed in accordance with Count 1 of the grand jury indictment, the applicable
11 statute, and uniform jury instructions. [RP 18] See NMSA 1978, § 30-4-1 (2003); see
12 also UJI 14-403 NMRA and UJI 14-6018 NMRA.
13 UJI 14-403 provides that:
14 For [the jury] to find the defendant guilty of kidnapping [as charged in
15 Count ________], the state must prove to your satisfaction beyond a
16 reasonable doubt each of the following elements of the crime:
17
18 1. The defendant [took] [restrained] [confined] [transported]
19 ________________________ (name of victim) by [force] [intimidation]
20 [or] [deception];
21
22 2. The defendant intended to hold ________________________ (name
23 of victim) against ________________________’s (name of victim) will:
2
1 [to inflict death, physical injury or a sexual offense
2 on________________________ (name of victim)]
3
4 3. This happened in New Mexico on or about the ________ day of
5 ______________, ________.
6 The Use Note to UJI 14-403 also provides that for first degree kidnaping, the jury
7 should also be instructed in accordance with UJI 14-6018, and that the jury should be
8 specifically asked the following questions:
9 QUESTION
10 Do you unanimously find beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant
11 did not voluntarily free __________________ (name of victim) in a safe
12 place?
13 ________ (Yes or No)
14 ______________________________
15 FOREPERSON
16
17 QUESTION
18 Do you unanimously find beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant
19 inflicted physical injury upon __________________ (name of victim)?
20 ________ (Yes or No)
21 ______________________________
22 FOREPERSON
23 In this case, the record proper clearly indicates that the jury responded to these
24 specific questions and convicted Defendant of kidnaping in the first degree, including
25 that Defendant did not voluntarily free Edgar Tarin (the victim) in a safe place, and
26 that Defendant inflicted physical injury upon the victim. [RP 161, 168, 169] To the
3
1 extent Defendant continues to argue in the memorandum that he is entitled to a new
2 trial because the jury instructions were not filed in the record proper, it is well-
3 established that “[i]t is [the] defendant’s burden to bring up a record sufficient for
4 review of the issues he raises on appeal.” State v. Jim, 107 N.M. 779, 780, 765 P.2d
5 195, 196 (Ct. App. 1988). Moreover, “‘[w]here there is a doubtful or deficient
6 record, every presumption must be indulged by the reviewing court in favor of the
7 correctness and regularity of the [trial] court’s judgment.’” State v. Rojo, 1999-
8 NMSC-001 ¶ 53, 126 N.M. 438, 971 P.2d 829 (filed 1998) (quoting In re Ernesto M.,
9 Jr., 1996-NMCA-039, ¶ 19, 121 N.M. 562, 915 P.2d 318).
10 The docketing statement indicates and Defendant’s memorandum confirms that,
11 at trial, the State presented the following evidence in support of the first degree
12 kidnaping charge. In the early morning hours in Doña Ana County, New Mexico,
13 among other events, the victim was walking alongside a street when Defendant and
14 Mr. Villa saw him as they were driving by. [DS 3, MIO 2] They made a u-turn
15 towards the victim, and stopped alongside him. [Id.] Mr. Villa attacked the victim
16 from behind, and Defendant pointed a gun at the victim from the front. [Id.] Mr.
17 Villa then grabbed the victim and threw him into the vehicle and they sped off towards
18 Mr. Villa’s residence. [Id.] When they arrived, Mr. Villa pulled the victim from the
4
1 vehicle and continued to kick and punch him as they made their way into Mr. Villa’s
2 home. [Id.] Defendant continued to point the gun at the victim. [Id.] Once inside,
3 Mr. Villa continued to attack the victim, punching and kicking him in the head and
4 torso as Defendant continued to point his weapon at the victim. [Id.] Mr. Villa and
5 Defendant continued to beat and threaten the victim. [Id.] Eventually, Defendant
6 allowed the victim to make his way to the front yard when Mr. Villa started to attack
7 the victim while Defendant remained inside the residence. [Id.] Mr. Villa was
8 continuing to pummel the victim when deputies arrived at the residence. [Id.]
9 We hold that the State presented sufficient evidence to support Defendant’s
10 conviction for first degree kidnaping, including that Defendant did not voluntarily free
11 Victim in a safe place, and that Defendant intended to hold the victim against his will
12 in order to inflict physical injury upon him. [RP 161, 168, 169] Defendant continues
13 to argue that he released the victim from confinement by allowing him to proceed to
14 the front yard. [MIO 8] We disagree. Defendant participated in taking the victim
15 from the street at gunpoint and in holding him at gunpoint while he was continuously
16 beaten. When the victim was “allowed” to proceed to the front yard, the victim yet
17 remained on the premises of the residence to which he had forcibly been taken at
18 gunpoint and the victim continued to be beaten there. See State v. Apodaca, 118 N.M.
51 762, 765-66, 887 P.2d 756, 759-60 (1994) (stating that, on appeal, the appellate court
2 views the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, resolving all conflicts
3 and indulging all reasonable inferences in favor of the verdict). Moreover, as such,
4 the jury could reasonably infer that Defendant did not release the victim to a safe
5 place. [MIO 7] The victim remained in the place to which he had been forcibly taken;
6 Defendant and Mr. Villa remained on the premises; Mr. Villa followed the victim to
7 the front yard and continued to beat him there. To the extent Defendant continues to
8 contend that he did not inflict the actual injuries [MIO 8], the jury could reasonably
9 find beyond a reasonable doubt that Defendant inflicted the injuries to the victim by
10 taking the victim from the street at gunpoint and holding a gun on the victim in order
11 to ensure that Mr. Villa could continue to beat, pummel, and kick the victim. See
12 Riley, 2010-NMSC-005, ¶ 12 (stating that it is not our role on appeal to reweigh the
13 evidence or resolve conflicts that the evidence presented). Finally, to the extent
14 Defendant continues to dispute the victim’s version of the events [MIO 3-4], “the jury
15 is free to reject [the d]efendant’s version of the facts.” Rojo, 1999-NMSC-001, ¶ 19.
16 As such, the jury was entitled to disbelieve Defendant’s assertions that he had nothing
17 to do with the incident or that he couldn’t have participated because he was in a
18 wheelchair at the time. Id. Similarly, the jury was entitled to disbelieve his co-
6
1 conspirator Mr. Villa’s statements, in connection with his guilty plea, that Defendant
2 did not have anything to do with the incident. Id. “It was for the [jury] as fact-finder
3 to resolve any conflict in the testimony of the witnesses and to determine where the
4 weight and credibility lay.” State v. Rael, 1999-NMCA-068, ¶ 27, 127 N.M. 347, 981
5 P.2d 280 (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
6 Finally, to the extent Defendant argues that the district court erred in allowing the
7 State to show a “myspace photo” of Defendant holding a gun [MIO 4], Defendant
8 does not indicate that the context of the introduction of the photo or that trial counsel
9 objected to the photo below. In order to preserve an issue for appeal, a defendant
10 must make a timely objection that specifically apprises the trial court of the nature of
11 the claimed error and invokes an intelligent ruling thereon. State v. Varela, 1999-
12 NMSC-045, ¶ 25, 128 N.M. 454, 993 P.2d 1280. Moreover, Defendant does not
13 indicate how presentation of the photo prejudiced him. State v. Fernandez, 117 N.M.
14 673, 677, 875 P.2d 1104, 1108 (Ct. App. 1994) (“In the absence of prejudice, there
15 is no reversible error.”); see also In re Ernesto M., Jr., 1996-NMCA-039, ¶ 10, 121
16 N.M. 562, 915 P.2d 318 (“An assertion of prejudice is not a showing of prejudice.”).
17 For these reasons, we affirm the judgment and amended judgment, convicting
18 Defendant of first degree kidnaping.
7
1 IT IS SO ORDERED.
2 ___________________________________
3 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge
4 WE CONCUR:
5 _________________________________
6 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Chief Judge
7 _________________________________
8 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge
8