NWD 300 Spring, L.L.C. v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Revisions (Slip Opinion)

[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as
NWD 300 Spring, L.L.C. v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Revision, Slip Opinion No. 2017-Ohio-7579.]
NOTICE
This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in an
advance sheet of the Ohio Official Reports. Readers are requested to
promptly notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of Ohio, 65
South Front Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, of any typographical or other
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the opinion is published.
SLIP OPINION NO. 2017-OHIO-7579NWD 300 SPRING, L.L.C. v. FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF REVISION ET AL.,
APPELLEES; REIDY ET AL., APPELLANTS.
[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it
may be cited as NWD 300 Spring, L.L.C. v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Revision, Slip
Opinion No. 2017-Ohio-7579.]
Taxation—Real-property valuation—Board of Tax Appeals’ adoption of valuation
found in board of education’s appraisal was reasonable and lawful—
Decision affirmed.
(No. 2016-0102—Submitted May 16, 2017—Decided September 14, 2017.)
APPEAL from the Board of Tax Appeals, Nos. 2015-106, 2015-123, 2015-124,
2015-125, 2015-126, 2015-127, 2015-128, 2015-129, 2015-130, 2015-131, 2015-
132, 2015-133, 2015-134, 2015-135, 2015-136, 2015-137, 2015-138, 2015-139,
2015-140, 2015-141, 2015-142, 2014-143, 2015-144, 2015-145, 2015-147, 2015-
148, 2015-149, 2015-150, 2015-151, 2015-152, 2015-153, 2015-154, 2015-155,
2015-156, 2015-157, 2015-158, 2015-159, 2015-160, 2015-161, 2015-162, 2015-
163, 2015-164, 2015-169, 2015-170, 2015-171, 2015-172, 2015-173, 2015-174,
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2015-175, 2015-176, 2015-177, 2015-178, 2015-179, 2015-180, 2015-181, 2015-
182, 2015-184, 2015-185, 2015-186, 2015-187, 2015-188, 2015-189, 2015-190,
2015-192, 2015-193, 2015-194.
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O’CONNOR, C.J.
{¶ 1} This appeal concerns the tax value of the land underlying the North
Bank Park Condominiums (“North Bank”) in Franklin County for tax year 2013.
We conclude that the decision of the Board of Tax Appeals (“BTA”), which
adopted the value found in an appraisal report submitted by the Columbus City
Schools Board of Education (“BOE”), is reasonable and lawful. Therefore, we
affirm.
RELEVANT BACKGROUND
{¶ 2} North Bank is a 100-unit high-rise residential condominium building
with an attached garage, constructed in Columbus in 2007. Franklin County carries
each condominium unit in North Bank as a separate parcel on its tax list. And for
tax purposes, each condominium is separately valued. See R.C. 5311.11 (each
condominium unit plus “the undivided interest in the common elements
appurtenant to it” is deemed to be a separate parcel for tax purposes).
{¶ 3} For the 2013 tax year, North Bank enjoyed a tax abatement applicable
to improvements but not to the underlying land. As a result, appellants, who are
owners of many of the individual condominium units (the “unit owners”), are liable
for tax only with respect to the value of the underlying land. Each unit owner pays
tax on a proportionate share of the value of the 1.01 acres on which the building is
situated. The land value of the acre on which the building sits is proportionately
divided among the condominium units. See R.C. 5311.01(F)(1) (including in the
definition of “common elements” the “land described in the [condominium]
declaration”).
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January Term, 2017
The BOR Proceedings
{¶ 4} In 2011, the Franklin County auditor increased North Bank’s land
value from $959,409 to $6,317,343. The unit owners and the developer (as owner
of several unsold units) filed complaints challenging that increase for the 2013 tax
year. The BOE filed countercomplaints in many of the cases, seeking to retain the
auditor’s value.
{¶ 5} In a consolidated hearing before the BOR, the unit owners presented
documentation of the land shares of the individual owners, an appraisal with
testimony by the appraiser, and a spreadsheet showing the appraisal valuation
apportioned to the individual units. The unit owners’ appraiser, Debi Wilcox, a
member of the Appraisal Institute (“MAI”), opined a value of $1,200,000 based on
a sales-comparison approach that used other land parcels sold for residential
apartment development as comparables. Wilcox also testified regarding her
understanding that the county valued the land by extracting a land value as a
percentage of condo sale prices—the “allocation method” referred to by the unit
owners. She opined that the approach was improper when comparables were
available.
{¶ 6} The BOR rejected the unit owners’ appraisal and adopted the auditor’s
higher valuation primarily because the unit owners’ appraisal valued the property
as if the property was unimproved land, whereas the auditor’s delegate opined that
the land valuation should have been predicated on the as-improved value of the
property. The BOR decision letter, issued January 8, 2015, extended the higher
valuation to 2014 as well.
The BTA Proceedings
{¶ 7} The unit owners appealed to the BTA. There, the BOE presented the
appraisal report and testimony of Thomas Sprout, MAI, who opined a value of
$3,300,000 for the 2013 tax year based on a sales-comparison approach that relied
on sales of downtown land parcels intended for mixed-use development. The unit
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owners again offered the report and testimony of their appraiser, Wilcox, who
explained her selection of comparables and criticized Sprout’s comparables
because they were located in the “central business district.” Sprout defended his
choice of comparables by noting that in his view, walkability to athletic and other
events made the property at issue even more desirable than the downtown
properties that he had used as comparables.
{¶ 8} Both the unit owners’ appraisal and the BOE’s appraisal valued the
land beneath the condominiums as if it were unimproved. In other words, both
appraisers considered developers looking at vacant land in light of any potential
commercial and residential uses. Neither appraiser considered the property’s
improvements—in stark contrast to the auditor’s approach, which ascribed a
portion of the retail price of the condominiums to the land beneath.
{¶ 9} The BTA adopted the land value in the BOE’s appraisal. In its
decision, the BTA noted five points of difference between the unit owner’s
appraisal and the BOE’s appraisal that weighed in favor of adopting the BOE’s
appraisal. First, the BTA faulted the unit owners’ appraisal for “utiliz[ing] only
sales of properties ultimately developed into apartments, while Mr. Sprout [for the
BOE] considered a wider variety of commercial development.” BTA Nos. 2015-
106 et al., 2015 WL 11018757, *4 (Dec. 23, 2015). Second, the unit owners’
appraisal did not consider any sales after the lien date and even included one sale
that occurred almost 40 months before the lien date, with no adjustment for time or
market conditions. Id. Third, the BOE’s appraisal included a variety of parcels by
size, whereas the unit owners’ appraisal used only large properties. Id. Fourth, the
BOE’s appraisal analyzed the comparables using a square-footage analysis as
opposed to a per-unit or per-acre price, which the BTA found appropriate given the
mere 1.01-acre size of the subject land. Id. Finally, the BTA found that the BOE’s
appraisal made appropriate adjustments to the comparables whereas the unit
owners’ appraisal did not. Id.4
January Term, 2017
{¶ 10} In sum, the BTA concluded that the BOE’s appraisal contained “a
more thorough analysis and better reflect[ed] the true value of the subject property.”
Id. The BTA ordered that the properties be valued in accordance with their
proportionate share of the total land value of $3,300,000 that was set forth in the
BOE’s appraisal.
{¶ 11} With respect to tax year 2014, the BTA faulted the BOR for
extending its valuation to that year because the period for filing a complaint for
2014 was still open when the BOR issued its decision. Relying on earlier decisions,
the BTA found that the BOR improperly exercised jurisdiction over 2014, and it
remanded the matter of the tax-year-2014 value to the BOR. Id. at *2.
{¶ 12} The unit owners now appeal, reiterating their contentions that the
BTA should have adopted the land value in their appraisal report rather than the
higher value in the BOE’s appraisal report.
ANALYSIS
Standard of Review
{¶ 13} When reviewing a BTA decision, we determine whether the decision
is reasonable and lawful; if it is both, we must affirm. R.C. 5717.04. Our review
is guided by the premise that “ ‘[t]he fair market value of property for tax purposes
is a question of fact, the determination of which is primarily within the province of
the taxing authorities.’ ” EOP-BP Tower, L.L.C. v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Revision,
106 Ohio St.3d 1, 2005-Ohio-3096, 829 N.E.2d 686, ¶ 17, quoting Cuyahoga Cty.
Bd. of Revision v. Fodor, 15 Ohio St.2d 52, 239 N.E.2d 25, syllabus. Moreover,
“[w]hen it reviews appraisals, the BTA is vested with wide discretion in
determining the weight to be given to the evidence and the credibility of the
witnesses that come before it.” Id. at ¶ 9, citing Cardinal Fed. S. & L. Assn. v.
Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Revision, 44 Ohio St.2d 13, 336 N.E.2d 433 (1975),
paragraph three of the syllabus.
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{¶ 14} The standard for reviewing the BTA’s determination of the
credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony is abuse of
discretion. Id. at ¶ 14. To find an abuse of discretion would require us to find an
arbitrary or unconscionable attitude below. See Renacci v. Testa, 148 Ohio St.3d
470, 2016-Ohio-3394, 71 N.E.3d 962, ¶ 32.
The Auditor’s Original Valuation Is Not at Issue in this Appeal
{¶ 15} The unit owners first challenge the “allocation method of appraisal,
by which a fixed percentage of the retail price of a downtown high rise
condominium is used as the tax valuation of the underlying land.” The record
indicates that the auditor’s valuation probably embodied this “allocation method,”
but the appraisal value ultimately adopted by the BTA does not. Because the
validity of the auditor’s methodology has not been challenged nor been shown to
be material to resolving the dispute, we decline to address it.
The BTA Did Not Abuse Its Discretion By Finding the BOE’s Appraisal To
Be More Probative
{¶ 16} We find no indications that the BTA abused its discretion by
adopting the land value found in the BOE’s appraisal. The testimony and report by
the BOE’s appraiser presented no legal errors or obvious factual mistakes, and there
is no indication of a failure to apply professional judgment. The BOE’s appraiser
simply opined that the subject land had a higher value than that found by the unit
owners’ appraiser. But there is nothing that indicates the difference to be the result
of anything other than differing professional judgments. “We will not overrule
BTA findings of fact that are based upon sufficient probative evidence.” R.R.Z.
Assocs. v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Revision, 38 Ohio St.3d 198, 201, 527 N.E.2d 874(1988).
{¶ 17} The unit owners’ specific objections do not amount to a claim of
legal error, nor do they establish that the BTA employed an unreasonable or
unconscionable attitude in relying on the BOE’s appraisal. The unit owners first
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January Term, 2017
point to the state of the “Pen West” area many years ago, but that has little relevance
to valuing the property as of January 1, 2013. Next, the unit owners challenge two
of the comparables used in the BOE’s appraisal, because they are located along
High Street in the central business district and have or are anticipated to have
commercial tenants on the lower level, while the subject property is located
adjacent to the Arena District—outside the central business district—and has no
commercial tenants. But the BOE’s appraiser’s use of these comparables reflects
his opinion that the subject property’s location is actually better than the
comparables’ location; he noted that Arena District buildings commanded higher
rents than did those along the High Street corridor downtown. Reference to the
mixed-use comparables also comports with the highest-and-best-use determination
in the BOE’s appraisal, which considered “a mixed use development featuring all
three uses [i.e., multi-family residential, retail, and office]” to be “the most
financially feasible and provide the maximum profit to the land.” And it comports
with the statement in the unit owners’ appraisal that “the most profitable use of the
site would be commercial.” We see no legal basis for second-guessing the BOE’s
appraiser’s professional judgment, nor any reason why the BTA’s reliance on it
would be unreasonable.
{¶ 18} Because the BTA did not abuse its discretion by relying on the
BOE’s appraisal, we affirm.
The Unit Owners Failed To Raise the Issue of Tax Year 2014 in Their Notice
of Appeal
{¶ 19} The unit owners also contend that the BTA erred by remanding the
matter of the tax-year-2014 value to the BOR as opposed to carrying forward the
2013 value. But this claim is barred because the unit owners’ notice of appeal from
the decision of the BTA does not raise the issue. See Sears, Roebuck & Co. v.
Franklin Cty. Bd. of Revision, 144 Ohio St.3d 421, 2015-Ohio-4522, 44 N.E.3d
274, ¶ 12.
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CONCLUSION
{¶ 20} For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the BTA’s decision.
Decision affirmed.
O’DONNELL, KENNEDY, FRENCH, O’NEILL, FISCHER, and DEWINE, JJ.,
concur.
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Law Offices of Russell A. Kelm, Russell A. Kelm, and Colleen M. Koehler,
for appellants.
Rich & Gillis Law Group, L.L.C., Mark H. Gillis, and Kelley Gorry, for
appellee Columbus City Schools Board of Education.
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