In re K.C.

[Cite as In re K.C., 2022-Ohio-113.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
IN RE: K.C. C.A. Nos. 30057
A.N. 30058APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
CASE Nos. DN 19-7-592
DN 19-7-593
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 19, 2022
SUTTON, Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, A.T. (“Mother”), appeals a judgment of the Summit County Court of
Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, that terminated her parental rights to her two minor children
and placed them in the permanent custody of Summit County Children Services Board (“CSB”).
This Court affirms.
I.
{¶2} Mother is the biological mother of K.C., born June 3, 2016; and A.N., born
August 15, 2017. The father of K.C., who is also the alleged father of A.N., is deceased.
{¶3} On July 18, 2019, CSB filed complaints, alleging that K.C. and A.N. were abused,
neglected, and dependent children after the police removed them from Mother’s custody
pursuant to Juv.R. 6. The complaint alleged that Mother was living in a hotel with the children,
where she was failing to supervise them; abusing heroin, fentanyl, and methamphetamine in their
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presence; and keeping drugs, drug manufacturing supplies, and paraphernalia within access of
the children. At the time the police found and removed the children, who were then one and
three years old, the children were outside the hotel room without supervision while Mother was
passed out inside the hotel room. K.C. and A.N. were later adjudicated abused and dependent
and placed in the temporary custody of CSB.
{¶4} The trial court adopted CSB’s original case plan, which required Mother to
complete a substance abuse assessment and follow all treatment recommendations, abstain from
abusing alcohol and drugs, resolve all criminal charges, and achieve and maintain stability.
Mother did not submit to drug testing, sign releases of information, or otherwise comply with the
requirements of the case plan.
{¶5} When the police removed the children pursuant to Juv.R. 6, Mother was charged
with child endangering and the criminal court later issued an order that Mother have no contact
with her children. In lieu of conviction and as a condition to lift the no contact order, the
criminal court referred Mother to its drug court diversion program, which required her to
successfully complete drug treatment. Mother obtained a substance abuse assessment and was
diagnosed with severe opioid use disorder. She was referred to inpatient drug treatment, which
first required her to complete a detoxification program. Because Mother did not report to the
detox program as required, she was incarcerated until she was released into another program.
Throughout the next several months, Mother failed to consistently comply with the treatment or
court appearance requirements of the drug court program, so she was incarcerated several times
and the no contact order with her children remained in effect.
{¶6} In addition to failing to engage in drug treatment services that were ordered by the
criminal and juvenile courts, Mother did not maintain contact with either court, CSB, the
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guardian ad litem, or her trial counsel. During October 2020, Mother’s trial counsel was
permitted to withdraw because he had been unable to contact Mother for more than 90 days.
{¶7} On January 4, 2021, CSB moved for permanent custody of both children. Two
months later, Mother contacted the juvenile court, and her prior counsel was re-appointed to
represent her throughout the permanent custody proceedings. Following an evidentiary hearing,
the trial court terminated parental rights and placed K.C. and A.N. in the permanent custody of
CSB. Mother appeals and raises one assignment of error.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE AND PLAIN ERROR
WHEN IT TERMINATED MOTHER’S PARENTAL RIGHTS AND PLACED
THE CHILD[REN] IN THE PERMANENT CUSTODY OF CSB WHEN THE
AGENCY DID NOT PROVIDE REASONABLE REUNIFICATION EFFORTS.
{¶8} Mother does not challenge the trial court’s decision on either prong of the
permanent custody test. Instead, she argues that the trial court erred by granting permanent
custody of K.C. and A.N. to CSB because the agency failed to make reasonable reunification
efforts. This Court disagrees.
{¶9} R.C. 2151.419(A)(1) requires the juvenile court to determine whether the agency
has used reasonable reunification efforts at any hearing at which the court removes a child from
his home or continues the child’s removal from his home. It is well settled that “the statute
imposes no requirement for such a determination at the time of the permanent custody hearing
unless the agency has not established that reasonable efforts have been made prior to that
hearing.” (Internal quotations omitted.) In re L.R., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 29266 and 29271,
2019-Ohio-2305, ¶ 14, quoting In re A.C.-B., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 28330 and 28349, 2017-
Ohio-374, ¶ 22; see also In re C.F., 113 Ohio St.3d 73, 2007-Ohio-1104, ¶ 41-43 (concluding
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that a reasonable efforts determination is necessary at a permanent custody hearing only if the
agency has not demonstrated its use of reasonable efforts prior to that time).
{¶10} In this case, after each hearing that resulted in the removal of the children from
Mother’s custody or continued their placement outside the home, the trial court found that CSB
had made reasonable efforts to prevent their continued removal or to make it possible for them to
safely return home. See R.C. 2151.419(A)(1). Those hearings included the shelter care,
adjudicatory, and dispositional hearings. See id.; In re C.F. at ¶ 41. At no time did Mother or
any other party challenge the reasonable efforts findings. In fact, with the representation of
court-appointed counsel, Mother affirmatively waived her rights to evidentiary hearings and
agreed to the trial court’s shelter care, adjudicatory, and dispositional decisions in this case.
{¶11} Although each of Mother’s written hearing waivers explicitly retained her right to
raise objections to any of the trial court’s findings, she did not do so. As Mother failed to object
or move to set aside any of the reasonable efforts determinations by the juvenile court, she has
forfeited her challenge to the agency’s use of reasonable efforts on appeal except for a claim of
plain error. See In re L.R. at ¶ 18. To demonstrate plain error, Mother must show not only trial
court error, but also resulting prejudice. In re T.G., 9th Dist. Summit No. 29658, 2020-Ohio-
4802, ¶ 22. As Mother has not provided any transcripts of the prior hearings after which the trial
court consistently found CSB’s use of reasonable efforts, this Court must presume regularity as
to those reasonable efforts determinations. See In re L.R. at ¶ 18. Accordingly, Mother has
failed to demonstrate error by the trial court necessary to substantiate plain error.
{¶12} Mother additionally argues that CSB failed to use reasonable reunification efforts
based on the agency’s alleged non-compliance with federal law addressing case plans. This
Court has rejected this same argument before. See, e.g., In re A.D., 9th Dist. Summit No. 30055,
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2021-Ohio-4583, ¶ 18, citing In re B.H., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 29998 and 29999, 2021-Ohio-
4152, ¶ 24-25. We again reject Mother’s argument for reasons explained in In re B.H. at ¶ 24-
25:
[Mother] presents a form-over-substance argument which cannot prevail. She
cites federal provisions which she admits only implicate federal funding for state
child welfare agencies. See, e.g., 42 U.S.C. 622, 670, and 671. No federal
provisions cited by Mother provide for the negation of any lawful order by a state
court.
As this Court has frequently noted, the juvenile court derives its sole authority in
dependency, neglect, and abuse cases from the comprehensive statutory scheme
set out in R.C. Chapter 2151. E.g., In re A.P., 9th Dist. Medina No. 12CA0022-
M, 2012-Ohio-3873, ¶ 16. R.C. 2151.412 addresses case plans and further directs
the director of job and family services to adopt rules regarding the content,
format, development, implementation, and modification of case plans. Those
rules are found in various provisions of the Ohio Administrative Code.
{¶13} Mother also forfeited any challenge to the case plans in this case. Mother
stipulated to the dispositional decision in which the trial court adopted the original case plan.
CSB amended the case plan once, and Mother filed no objection to the amended case plan. See
R.C. 2151.412(F)(2). She has, therefore, failed to preserve any challenge to the form or
substance of the case plans. Mother has not argued or demonstrated how any alleged deficiency
in the case plan prejudiced her, and this Court discerns no prejudicial effect requiring reversal of
the judgment. Mother’s assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶14} Mother’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Summit County
Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
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There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
BETTY SUTTON
FOR THE COURT
HENSAL, P. J.
CALLAHAN, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
SHUBHRA AGARWAL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and JACQUENETTE S. CORGAN, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
ANGELINA GINGO, Guardian ad Litem.