Jalm Marion, L.L.C. v. Fair Park Ents., Inc.

[Cite as Jalm Marion, L.L.C. v. Fair Park Ents., Inc., 2017-Ohio-4350.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
MARION COUNTY
JALM MARION, LLC.,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 9-16-42
v.
FAIR PARK ENTERPRISES, INC.,
OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Marion County Common Pleas Court
Trial Court No. 15-CV-0115
Judgment Affirmed in Part, Reversed in Part and Cause Remanded
Date of Decision: June 19, 2017
APPEARANCES:
Brent M. Harraman for Appellant
William V. Beach for Appellee
Case No. 9-16-42
WILLAMOWKSI, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Fair Park Enterprises, Inc. (“FPE”) brings this
appeal from the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Marion County finding
in favor of plaintiff-appellee Jalm Marion, LLC (“JM”). FPE claims that the trial
court’s judgment is against the manifest weight of the evidence, the trial court did
not interrogate witnesses in an impartial manner, and the trial court erred in its
computation of damages. For the reasons set forth below, the judgment is affirmed
in part and reversed in part.
{¶2} In June of 2011, FPE and JM entered into an agreement for FPE to sell
real estate in Marion County to JM. As part of the agreement, it was agreed that
FPE would repair sections of the concrete parking lot. The amount of $25,000 of
the purchase price was placed into escrow until the repairs were completed. The
repairs occurred in June and July of 2011. The repairs consisted of putting down a
new four-inch stone foundation and then pouring four inches of concrete containing
fiber mesh. This matched the consistency of the existing parking lot. Afterwards,
the CEO of JM, Mike Needler (“Needler”) inspected the repairs, was satisfied with
the work, and released the escrowed funds to FPE on July 26, 2011. Ex. 10. A few
months later, portions of the repaired surfaces began to deteriorate. In November
2011, Needler contacted the owner of FPE at that time, George Scantland III
(“Scantland”). Needler sent Scantland images of the failing sections. Scantland and
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Needler agreed at that time that if Needler paid for the materials to repair the issues,
Scantland would provide the equipment and labor. However, no repairs were made
at that time. In late 2012, Needler again contacted Scantland about the repairs.
Scantland informed him that he was no longer an owner of FPE and told Needler to
contact the current owners. The current owners of FPE indicated that they felt they
had no responsibility to make further repairs.
{¶3} In the summer of 2014, JM hired Carlos Rhodes (“Rhodes”) to make
repairs to the parking lot. Some of the areas repaired by Rhodes were not part of
the original repairs. Additionally, some of the original repairs did not need further
repairs. Rhodes repaired the sections by laying a new four-inch stone foundation
and adding six inches of concrete with rebar. On March 16, 2015, JM filed a
complaint alleging that FPE did not complete the repairs in a workmanlike manner
and sought damages in the amount of $18,600, the amount that Rhodes charged for
all the repairs. Doc. 1. An amended complaint alleging the same thing was filed on
April 6, 2015. Doc. 4. FPE filed its amended answer on May 21, 2015 with
additional amended answers being filed on March 2, 2016, and on June 21, 2016.
Doc. 8, 16, 39
{¶4} A bench trial was held on June 30, 2016. Doc. 42. At the trial, the
parties made the following stipulations. First, photos need not be authenticated, but
the dates must be established and all enhancements must be disclosed. Tr. 9-10.
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Second, Scantland’s ownership interest in FPE ended on October 17, 2012. Tr. 10.
Carol Farverick was the sole owner of FPE since that time. Tr. 10. Third,
consideration for the original sale of the real estate was a mortgage and note from
JM to FPE. Tr. 10. JM made regular monthly payments of $3,324.05 from July 1,
2011 until July 1, 2013. Tr. 10. Fourth, the aerial photos of the property by the
county auditor do not need to be authenticated and FPE’s aerial photos of the
property were taken in Spring 2013. Tr. 11. Fifth, JM determined what repairs had
to be made originally. Tr. 11. JM also had the opportunity to observe the repairs
being made and the materials being used. Tr. 11. Sixth, Scantland was not in Ohio
at the time the repairs were made. Tr. 11. Seventh, the escrow agreement was
drafted by JM. Tr. 11. Eighth, JM’s grocery store was open during all times repairs
were made. Tr. 11. Ninth, not all areas repaired by FPE in 2011 required repair by
Rhodes in 2014. Tr. 11-12. Tenth, Rhodes was not present when the original repairs
were made. Tr. 12. Rhodes also repaired areas of the parking lot that did not require
repair in 2011. Tr. 12.
{¶5} JM presented the testimony of two witnesses. The first witness was
Needler. Needler testified that he bought the store in 2011 and required repairs to
the parking lot as part of the agreement due to the lot being in “terrible shape” before
the purchase. Tr. 20-24. Before closing, Needler and Scantland agreed to what
repairs would be done. Tr. 25. Needler testified that he expected the repairs
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required by the escrow agreement to last longer than the unrepaired areas. Tr. 28.
Once the repairs were done, Needler went to the store and inspected the repairs. Tr.
30. After agreeing that all required repairs were done, he released the money held
in escrow. Tr. 29-30.
{¶6} Two months after the initial repairs, some of the repaired areas started
deteriorating. Tr. 30. Needler testified that it appeared that most of the repairs were
cracking and sinking. Tr. 37. At that time, Needler called Scantland and
complained that the repairs were “gone”. Tr. 26. Scantland claimed that the repairs
had deteriorated because JM had allowed people to drive over the concrete before it
had properly cured. Tr. 31. Pictures of the damage were sent to Scantland on
November 15, 2011. Tr. 33. The parties eventually reached an agreement where
JM would pay for the materials and FPE would pay for the equipment and labor to
repair the damages. Tr. 31, 37. Needler identified Ex. 54 as an email showing the
agreement. Tr. 40. Since it was November, no repairs were done at that time. Tr.
41. No repairs were made in the Spring or Summer either.
{¶7} In late 2012, Needler again contacted Scantland about the failed repairs.
Tr. 44. At that time, Scantland informed him that he had sold his interest in the
business to his sister, so Needler would need to “take it up with her.” Tr. 44.
Needler then contacted her, but she refused to make further repairs. Tr. 45. In
Summer 2014, Needler tried one last time to get FPE to make the repairs, but they
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refused. Tr. 56. Needler then hired Rhodes to make the repairs and sued for
damages. Tr. 45, 56. Rhodes charged JM $18,600 for all of the repairs. Tr. 56.
Rhodes added stone, rebar, and cement with fiber at a six-inch depth. Tr. 57.
Needler admitted that some of the pictures showing the deterioration in the parking
lot were not part of the original repairs, but were instead just additional normal wear
and tear that had occurred over the years. Tr. 48-51. According to Needler only
5% of the repairs were areas not originally repaired. Tr. 59.
{¶8} On cross-examination, Needler admitted that there was possibly “cut
through” traffic in the parking lot. Tr. 66. Needler also admitted that the original
parking lot did not contain rebar and that Rhodes had installed more concrete than
was in the original, unrepaired lot. Tr. 67. Needler did not deny that any barricades
erected by FPE at the time of the original repairs may have been moved by third
parties. Tr. 75.
{¶9} David Sass (“Sass”) testified that he was the manager of the store during
2011-12. Tr. 95. Sass testified that Jason Gier (“Gier”) was the maintenance person
for FPE who cared for the property when they were renting it. Tr. 97. At that time,
Gier had repaired sections of the parking lot. Tr. 96. When the original repairs were
poured, Sass was instructed to let the concrete cure and to keep cars and people off
of it. Tr. 98. A couple of times when he came to the store, he saw the caution tape
broken and had to refasten it. Tr. 100. He also was told a couple of times that a car
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had gone through the tape and he saw evidence of it in a couple of spots. Tr. 100.
Within a month or two of the repairs, there was crumbling in a few spots. Tr. 109.
In spots, the concrete sank two to three inches. Tr. 111. Sass sent pictures of the
failing repairs to Needler. Tr. 106. Sass testified that he was responsible for the
store, but left the parking lot to the people doing the repairs. Tr. 98.
{¶10} On cross-examination Sass admitted that when the old concrete was
cut out, he did not recall seeing any rebar. Tr. 114. Sass also admitted that he did
not tell Needler about the barriers being taken down and does not know if he said
anything to Gier. Tr. 115-17. According to Sass, the barriers could have been
intentionally moved by people and he did see tire impressions in the concrete in
places. Tr. 121-22. The repairs were made in three different sections of the parking
lot and looked good when completed. Tr. 123-26.
{¶11} Following Sass’ testimony, JM rested and FPE presented its case-in-
chief. Gary Knapp (“Knapp”) testified that he had been working with concrete for
34 years and that he had installed two sections of the concrete at the store. Tr. 135.
Knapp indicated that he used a concrete mix rated at 4,500 PSI, even though only
4,000 PSI was required. Tr. 136. Knapp testified that what he ordered was standard
quality for parking lot applications and that he had installed it with fiber mesh rather
than rebar for reinforcement. Tr. 137-38. According to Knapp, the areas that had
been repaired and were damaged were areas where vehicles were driving across it.
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Tr. 141. Knapp testified that people were actually driving through the concrete as
it was being poured. Tr. 143. Knapp would put up barriers, but they would be
missing when he would drive by later that night. Tr. 143. The barriers used included
a dump truck, five gallon buckets with concrete and poles in them, orange traffic
cones, and caution tape. Tr. 144. The barriers had not blown down, but appeared
to be deliberately moved. Tr. 145. Knapp testified that when he arrived on the job
site in the morning, he would find the barriers piled inside shopping carts. Tr. 145.
Although Knapp did not see cars driving over the fresh concrete, other than the one
instance, he knew they had done so based upon where they were parked. Tr. 159.
He also testified that the gravel base beneath the concrete had been compacted
because he observed Gier doing the work. Tr. 162. When he installed the new
concrete, he saw that there was no rebar in the old concrete and he did not put rebar
in the new concrete. Tr. 166. What was installed was the standard four-inch gravel
foundation and four-inch concrete for a parking lot. Tr. 167. Knapp testified that
the areas where the cars had not been allowed to drive were still intact. Tr. 160.
{¶12} On cross-examination, Knapp admitted that he had personally not seen
anyone remove the barriers or drive on the fresh concrete. Tr. 148-49. Knapp also
admitted that concrete done correctly should last up to ten years. Tr. 150. Based
upon his experience the problems with this concrete was that people had been
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allowed to drive on it prior to it fully curing. Tr. 150. Knapp indicated that seven
eighths of the areas repaired were no longer intact. Tr. 156.
{¶13} Shawn Barr (“Barr”) testified on behalf of FPE that he had been a sub-
contractor working on the original repairs. Tr. 170. His job was to cut out the old,
damaged sections and help level the foundation. Tr. 170. Barr testified that people
frequently moved the barriers that were erected, even before the new concrete was
poured. Tr. 172. Barr testified that people just drove through the holes and would
drive over the wet concrete within an hour of the pouring. Tr. 172. After the first
day, he returned to the site to find the barriers inside shopping carts and pushed off
to the side. Tr. 174. Throughout the job, the barriers would be removed multiple
times, even in the same day. Tr. 175. The barriers used were the same type as
would be used on any job. Tr. 176. The day after the concrete was poured, there
were cars parked in the vicinity of the repairs, and even parked on top of the new
concrete. Tr. 177-78. Barr also testified that the original concrete which he
removed did not contain rebar. Tr. 179. Prior to Rhodes repairing the concrete, he
had observed that some of the repaired areas were cracked, but that the west side
was in good shape. Tr. 180.
{¶14} On cross-examination, Barr testified that he had added stone to the
foundation and compacted it. Tr. 182. The goal was to smooth it out and make it
consistent. Tr. 182. Gier was in charge of the project. Tr. 183. According to Barr,
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he believed that the current commercial grade depth for concrete is six inches, more
if there are heavy trucks. Tr. 185.
{¶15} Thomas Troiana (“Troiana”) testified that he assisted Knapp in
pouring the concrete for the original repairs. Tr. 188. Troiana indicated that before
the concrete was poured, he observed that Number 57 stone was put in for the base
and compacted. Tr. 189. The stone was approximately four to four and a half inches
thick and looked correct. Tr. 189. The concrete mix used was a “basic six and a
half bag, 4500 PSI mix.” Tr. 191. During the project, the barriers were constantly
being removed by unknown parties and had to be repeatedly replaced. Tr. 192-93.
The barriers used in this job were “a little bit better” than just using orange traffic
cones. Tr. 193. Troiana also testified that there was no rebar in the original concrete
lot. Tr. 195. When questioned about common causes of cracking in concrete,
Troiana admitted that cracks can be an indicator that something was wrong with the
foundation. Troiana indicated that a concrete installer is only liable for failure if the
concrete were to crack within thirty days and the crack was larger than ¼ inch wide.
Tr. 197. According to Troiana, JM should have contacted them immediately when
the first problems occurred. Tr. 197.
{¶16} Gier testified that he worked for FPE and assisted in the original
concrete repairs. Tr. 219. He was responsible for cutting out the sections of
concrete removed for removal. Tr. 221. He would make the cuts, then use the
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jackhammer to break up the pieces. Tr. 222. The next step was to dig out the old
gravel, put in new gravel, compact it, and keep adding until he had a four-inch
foundation of stone. Tr. 222-23. Gier testified that he used Number 57 stone for
the base. Tr. 222. The concrete people then added four inches of concrete. Tr. 223.
When Gier removed the old concrete, there was no rebar in the original pad. Tr.
224. Once the concrete was poured, they put up barriers to keep people away from
the fresh concrete so that it could cure. Tr. 225. People would move the barriers
out of their way two to three times a day. Tr. 226-27. There was evidence that cars
had driven over the fresh concrete in that they were parked in locations where it
would have required driving over the fresh concrete to get to that spot. Tr. 229-30.
According to Gier, some of the repaired concrete was still in good shape. Tr. 232.
However, those locations were where the vehicles could not have driven on them.
By 2014, many sections of the old concrete had failed as well and were also repaired.
Tr. 236. Gier testified that the problems with the repairs were caused by people
driving on the concrete before it had fully cured. Tr. 240.
{¶17} On cross-examination, Gier admitted that he was not an expert on
concrete and had not researched any code requirements. Tr. 245. He also admitted
that he had used stones larger than Number 57 stone to fill in holes beneath the four-
inch base. Tr. 248-50. Gier indicated that he had only seen one person actually
driving on the fresh concrete and that location was repaired. Tr. 256. He was merely
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concluding that they had driven on the fresh concrete based upon where they were
parked. Tr. 256. Gier also admitted that he knew from the first day that people were
moving the barriers, but just kept replacing the barriers. Tr. 264-69. According to
Gier, over half of the original repairs were still okay in 2014. Tr. 271.
{¶18} On July 11, 2016, the trial court entered its judgment entry including
its findings of fact and conclusions of law. Doc. 42. The trial court concluded that
the repairs “were not made in a workmanlike manner which resulted in the repairs
needing to be redone.” Id. at 7. The trial court then ordered that FPE pay damages
in the amount of $15,810 to JM. Id. at 9. FPE filed a timely notice of appeal. Doc.
50. On appeal, FPE raises the following assignments of error.
First Assignment of Error
The trial court erred in finding that the failure of concrete repairs
made by [FPE] was the result of [FPE’s] negligence or failure to
perform in a workmanlike manner in breach of the parties’
contract, [was] against the manifest weight of the evidence.
Second Assignment of Error
The trial court erred by failing to interrogate witnesses in an
impartial manner as required by Rule 614(B) of the Ohio Rules
of Evidence.
Third Assignment of Error
The trial court erred in its computation of damages.
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Manifest Weight of the Evidence
{¶19} In the first assignment of error, FPE claims that the judgment of the
trial court finding the repairs to the work to be not performed in a workmanlike
manner is against the manifest weight of the evidence. When reviewing a judgment
to determine if it is against the manifest weight of the evidence, an appellate court
“review[s] the entire record, weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences,
considers the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts
in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage
of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” State v.
Mendoza, 137 Ohio App.3d 336, 2000-Ohio-1689, 738 N.E.2d 822, (3d Dist.). See,
also, State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541.
Weight of the evidence concerns “the inclination of the greater
amount of credible evidence, offered in a trial to support one side
of the issue rather than the other. It indicates clearly to the jury
that the party having the burden of proof will be entitled to their
verdict, if, on weighing the evidence in their minds, they shall find
the greater amount of credible evidence sustains the issue which
is to be established before them. Weight is not a question of
mathematics, but depends on its effect in inducing belief.”
Thompkins, supra, (citing Black’s Law Dictionary (6 Ed.1990) 1594). A new trial
should be granted only in the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily
against the verdict. Id.
{¶20} Although the appellate court acts as a thirteenth juror, it still must give
due deference to the findings made by the trier of fact.
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The fact-finder * * * occupies a superior position in determining
credibility. The fact-finder can hear and see as well as observe the
body language, evaluate voice inflections, observe hand gestures,
perceive the interplay between the witness and the examiner, and
watch the witness’ reaction to exhibits and the like. Determining
credibility from a sterile transcript is a Herculean endeavor. A
reviewing court must, therefore, accord due deference to the
credibility determinations made by the fact-finder.
State v. Thompson, 127 Ohio App.3d 511, 529, 713 N.E.2d 456 (8th Dist. 1998).
“To that end, the fact-finder is free to believe all, part or none of the testimony of
each witness appearing before it.” State v. Redman, 3d Dist. Allen No. 1-15-54,
2016-Ohio-860, ¶ 31 quoting State v. Petty, 10th Dist. Franklin Nos. 11AP-716,
11AP-766, 2012-Ohio-2989, ¶ 38.
{¶21} In this case, JM claimed that the original repairs to the parking lot were
not performed in a workmanlike manner. The undisputed testimony was that the
repairs were completed in June and July of 2011. Within two months of the
completion, sections of the repaired concrete were already beginning to disintegrate.
No one argues that the repaired concrete should not have lasted longer than a couple
of months. The sole issue before the trial court was why the concrete was failing.
JM claimed that the issues with the lot were caused by the failure of FPE to properly
make the repairs. FPE claimed that the concrete was failing due to the actions of
third parties, i.e. people moving the barriers and driving on the fresh concrete before
it had properly cured. The trial court made a specific finding of fact that it was
“likely that some cars did drive over at least some portions of the concrete before it
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was fully cured”. Doc. 42 at 6. However, the trial court found that this was not the
cause of the failure of the concrete. Id. Instead, the trial court determined that the
failure was the result of the foundation not being properly prepared. Id. at 7. There
was testimony presented that an improper foundation could lead to the sinking that
was observed in the areas repaired. As there was some competent, credible evidence
to support the findings of the trial court, this court cannot determine that the
judgment of the trial court was against the manifest weight of the evidence. Thus,
the first assignment of error is overruled.
Questioning of Witnesses by the Trial Court
{¶22} In its second assignment of error, FPE claims that the trial court failed
to interrogate witnesses in an impartial manner. A trial court may interrogate
witnesses as long as it does so in an impartial manner. Evid.R. 614(B). This court
has previously addressed the questioning of a witness by the trial court and whether
it was done in an impartial manner in the case of State v. Wendel, 3d Dist. Union
No. 14-16-08, 2016-Ohio-7915, 74 N.E.3d 806. In Wendel, appellant argued that
the trial court had failed to question a witness in an impartial manner, instead
showing bias. This court determined that
“ ‘[a]bsent a showing of bias, prejudice, or prodding of the witness
to elicit partisan testimony, it is presumed that the trial court
interrogated the witness in an impartial manner in an attempt to
ascertain a material fact or develop the truth.’ ” State v. Inskeep,
3d Dist. Union No. 14–2000–13, 2000 WL 1151065, *2 (Aug. 15,
2000), quoting State v. Blankenship, 102 Ohio App.3d 534, 548,
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657 N.E.2d 559 (12th Dist.1995). “ ‘A trial court’s interrogation
of a witness is not deemed partial for purposes of Evid. R. 614(B)
merely because the evidence elicited during the questioning is
potentially damaging to the defendant.’ ” Id., quoting
Blankenship at 548, 657 N.E.2d 559.
Wendel at ¶ 31.
{¶23} Here, FPE argues that the trial court was not impartial in questioning
Knapp. FPE points to pages in the transcript where the trial court was questioning
Knapp about concrete cracking if people drive on it prior to it being fully cured. Tr.
157-58. The trial court discussed signs of cracking immediately after the concrete
was disturbed by vehicular traffic, and obtained testimony from Knapp that there
was no immediate sign of cracking. FPE argues that the trial court then failed to
address whether there would be long term damage as a result of vehicular traffic on
the uncured concrete. FPE claims that the trial court treated Knapp as a hostile
witness on cross-exam, trying the case on behalf of JM. This court notes that a
review of the record does indicate that the trial court did not ask about the long term
consequences. However, it also shows that FPE could have asked those questions
in response to the trial court’s questioning, but did not do so. The record also
contains no showing of bias by the trial court. While there might be cause for
concern if this case had been tried to a jury with the alleged tone of the trial court’s
questions, that was not the case here. This was a bench trial. In a jury trial, there is
concern that a trial judge could influence the opinions of the jury about the
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credibility of a witness if the judge were to cross-examine the witness. However,
in a bench trial, the trial court is presumed to have only considered relevant evidence
and to be unbiased in the matter. State v. Addison, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 03AP-
1102, 2004-Ohio-5154, ¶ 15-16. Since there was no showing of bias by the trial
court in its questioning, the second assignment of error is overruled.
Calculation of Damages
{¶24} The final assignment of error raises the question of whether the trial
court correctly calculated damages. After review of the record, this court finds that
the trial court did not correctly calculate damages. First, this court notes that the
sole evidence of damages was a copy of the bill submitted to JM for the repairs to
the parking lot by Rhodes. However, there was no testimony as to the
reasonableness of the repairs performed. Needler testified that Rhodes charged him
$18,600 to repair all of the damage in the parking lot. He also testified that Rhodes
had laid a foundation of stone, then put in six inches of concrete with rebar to
perform the repairs. This was more than what was in the original parking lot. All
of the testimony concerning the original parking lot was that it was a foundation of
stone with a four-inch concrete pad with no rebar. No one testified that there had to
be a six-inch pad of concrete containing rebar to repair the parking lot. While this
may have been one method of repairing the damaged portions, it may not have been
the only reasonable method. The trial court found that the repairs must have been
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reasonable because FPE did not present any evidence to the contrary. Doc. 42 at 6.
However, the burden of proving the amount of reasonable damages rests on the
plaintiff, not the defendant. Schulke Radio Productions, Ltd. v. Midwestern
Broadcasting Co., 6 Ohio St.3d 436, 453 N.E.2d 683 (1983). A defendant only has
a burden of proof as to damages if defendant claims that the plaintiff failed to
mitigate those damages. Capital Equipment Ent., Inc. v. Wilson Concepts, Inc., 19
Ohio App.3d 233, 484 N.E.2d 237 (2d Dist. 1984). FPE presented a great deal of
testimony indicating that the original parking lot only had a four-inch stone base
and a four-inch concrete pad with no rebar when purchased. The fact that Rhodes
chose to use a four-inch stone base and add six inches of concrete with rebar does
not mean that it was actually necessary to properly repair the damage. Rhodes gave
JM a parking lot with repairs better than what existed and there was no evidence
presented that this was necessary.1 Although the trial court found that this was the
case, there was no evidence presented on this issue other than Needler’s hearsay
statement that Rhodes told him it was the best way to repair the damaged sections.
This court does not dispute that this may be the best way to repair the damaged
sections, but there was no testimony it was either the only way or necessary as
Rhodes did not testify. The only people who testified as to how it should be repaired
1
The trial court pointed to testimony by Troiana to show that the six inches of concrete was standard for
sidewalks in the city which were part of a driveway. Doc. 42 at 8. However, that was not Troiana’s
testimony. Troiana testified that the area between the street and the sidewalk had to be six inches. Tr. 204.
He also did not indicate that this six inches had to have rebar.
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would be FPE’s witnesses and they all testified that the method used in the original
repair was appropriate. This testimony was supported by the fact that not all of the
repairs failed and not all of the original parking lot was deteriorating. Thus, the trial
court erred in calculating damages in a manner that put JM in a better position than
they would have been if the repairs had been done in a workmanlike manner. The
third assignment of error is sustained.
{¶25} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant in the particulars
assigned and argued as to the judgment of liability, that portion of the judgment is
affirmed. Having found error prejudicial to the appellant in the particulars assigned
and argued as to the calculation of damages, that portion of the judgment is reversed
and remanded to the trial court for further proceedings in accord with this opinion.
Judgment Affirmed in Part,
Reversed in Part and
Cause Remanded
ZIMMERMAN and SHAW, J.J, concur.
/hls
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