State v. Hendrix

[Cite as State v. Hendrix, 2013-Ohio-638.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LAKE COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : OPINION
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
CASE NO. 2012-L-080
- vs - :
ERIN HENDRIX, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal from the Lake County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 10 CR
000588.
Judgment: Affirmed.
Charles E. Coulson, Lake County Prosecutor, and Teri R. Daniel, Assistant Prosecutor,
105 Main Street, P.O. Box 490, Painesville, OH 44077 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).
Timothy Young, Ohio Public Defender, and Katherine A. Szudy and Stephen A.
Goldmeier, Assistant Ohio Public Defender, 250 East Broad Street, Suite 1400,
Columbus, OH 43215-9308 (For Defendant-Appellant).
CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, J.
{¶1} Appellant, Erin Hendrix, appeals from the judgment of the Lake County
Court of Common Pleas dismissing her petition for postconviction relief without a
hearing. For the reasons discussed in this opinion, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
{¶2} On September 29, 2010, appellant was secretly indicted on twenty-two
felony charges involving the lead poisoning of her daughter, H.H. The first six counts of
the indictment charged appellant with contaminating a substance with lead or lead
nitrate for human consumption or use, in violation of R.C. 2927.24(B)(1), all first-degree
felonies. (Counts 1 through 6) Counts 1, 3, and 5, alleged a penalty enhancement
specification that the amount of lead or lead nitrate involved was sufficient to cause
death. Counts 2, 4, and 6 alleged a penalty enhancement specification that the
offenses resulted in serious physical harm to the victim
{¶3} Appellant was also charged with attempted aggravated murder, in
violation of R.C. 2903.01(C) and R.C. 2923.02(A), a first-degree felony (Count 7);
attempted felony murder, in violation of R.C. 2903.02(B) and R.C. 2923.02(A), a first-
degree felony (Count 8); felonious assault, in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1), a second-
degree felony (Count 9); and two counts of endangering children, in violation of R.C.
2912.22(A) and R.C. 2912.22(B)(1), third- and second-degree felonies, respectively
(Counts 10 and 11). The remaining eleven counts in the indictment were complicity
charges mirroring the first eleven counts, although out of order; to wit: Count 12 alleged
complicity to aggravated murder; Count 13 alleged complicity to attempted felony
murder; Count 14 alleged complicity to felonious assault; Count 15 alleged complicity to
endangering children; Count 16 alleged complicity to endangering children; and Counts
17 through 22 alleged complicity to contaminating a substance for human consumption
or use, each setting forth the same penalty enhancement specification listed in Counts 1
through 6. Appellant pleaded “not guilty” to the charges.
{¶4} On February 28, 2011, the matter proceeded to jury trial after which
appellant was found guilty of felonious assault, both counts of endangering children,
and 11 counts of complicity. She was acquitted of the first eight counts in the indictment
alleging she was the principal offender in all crimes. The trial court merged all foregoing
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counts with Count 18 thereby entering a judgment of conviction on one count of
complicity to contaminating a substance for human consumption or use that resulted in
serious physical harm to the victim. Appellant was subsequently sentenced to life
imprisonment with parole eligibility after 15 years.
{¶5} Appellant appealed and, in State v. Hendrix, 11th Dist. No. 2011-L-043,
2012-Ohio-2832, this court affirmed the trial court’s judgment of conviction. Appellant
subsequently filed an application to reopen her appeal which was denied. Appellant
also filed a timely petition for postconviction relief. The trial court denied this petition
without a hearing. It is from this judgment appellant now appeals asserting the following
assignment of error:
{¶6} “The trial court erred in dismissing Mrs. Hendrix’s petition without an
evidentiary hearing because Mrs. Hendrix provided sufficient evidence that she was
denied the effective assistance of counsel and that the State failed to conduct Mrs.
Hendrix’s trial in accordance with Ohio’s rules of evidence.”
{¶7} A defendant attempting to challenge a conviction or sentence through a
petition for postconviction relief under R.C. 2953.21 is not automatically entitled to a
hearing. State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 282, (1999). A court is not required to
hold a hearing unless the petitioner puts forth evidence demonstrating a cognizable
claim of constitutional error. R.C. 2953.21(C); see also State v. Adams, 11th Dist. No.
2003-T-0064, 2005-Ohio-348, ¶36. That is, a petitioner must put forth evidence that
“there was such a denial or infringement of the person’s rights as to render the
judgment void or voidable under the Ohio Constitution or the Constitution of the United
States * * *.” R.C. 2953.21(A)(1)(a). “Pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(C), a defendant’s
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petition may be denied without a hearing when the petition, supporting affidavits,
documentary evidence, files, and records do not demonstrate that the petitioner set
forth sufficient operative facts to establish substantive grounds for relief.” Adams, supra,
citing Calhoun, supra, at 281. An appellate court reviews the dismissal of a petition for
postconviction relief for an abuse of discretion. Id.
{¶8} Additionally, a petition for postconviction relief does not afford a defendant
a second opportunity to litigate her conviction. State v. Towler, 10th Dist. No. 05AP-
387, 2006-Ohio-2441, ¶6. Pursuant to the doctrine of res judicata, “a final judgment of
conviction bars a convicted defendant who was represented by counsel from raising
and litigating in any proceeding except an appeal from that judgment, any defense or
any claimed lack of due process that was raised or could have been raised by the
defendant at trial, which resulted in that judgment of conviction, or on an appeal from
that judgment.” (Emphasis added.) State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175 (1967), syllabus.
“Where defendant, represented by new counsel upon direct appeal, fails to raise therein
the issue of competent trial counsel and said issue could fairly have been determined
without resort to evidence dehors the record, res judicata is a proper basis for
dismissing defendant's petition for postconviction relief.” State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St.3d
112 (1982), syllabus (1982) see also State v. Mike, 11th Dist. No. 2007-T-0116, 2008-
Ohio-2754, ¶11; State v. Reynolds, 79 Ohio St.3d 158, 161 (1997). This doctrine
applies with equal force to any alleged constitutional error. State v. Jones, 11th Dist.
2000-A-0083, 2002-Ohio-2074.
{¶9} Appellant premises her first several arguments upon her trial counsel’s
alleged ineffectiveness. Trial counsel may be deemed ineffective if an appealing party
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demonstrates “(1) counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of
reasonableness, and (2) that counsel’s deficient performance prejudiced the defendant
resulting in an unreliable or fundamentally unfair outcome of the proceeding.” State v.
Madrigal, 87 Ohio St.3d 378, 388-389 (2000), citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.
668, 687-688 (1984). If a deficiency in counsel’s performance is found, the appellant
must then show that prejudice resulted. State v. Swick, 11th Dist. No. 97-L-254, 2001
Ohio App. LEXIS 5857, *5 (Dec. 21, 2001).
{¶10} Appellant’s ineffectiveness arguments assert that her counsel’s
performance was prejudicially deficient for failing to employ an expert to review the
CDC’s report and contest the conclusions and testimony of Dr. Lawrence Quang. In
support, appellant submitted the affidavit of Joseph Sachleben, Ph.D., a physical
chemist. Dr. Sachleben’s affidavit asserts Dr. Quang improperly or misleadingly
testified a report analyzing three separate lead samples filed by the CDC indicated that
multiple lead sources had been combined and given to the victim. In Dr. Sachleben’s
view, the CDC’s report actually concluded that none of the given samples could be
primarily responsible for the lead in the victim’s body. Thus, Dr. Sachleben’s affidavit
takes issue with Dr. Quang’s interpretation of the CDC’s report and avers Dr. Quang’s
testimony served to misrepresent the conclusions of the report’s authors. Although the
affidavit is evidence dehors the record, we hold the issue of whether appellant’s trial
counsel was ineffective for failing to employ an expert could have fairly been determined
without this evidence.
{¶11} At trial, the prosecution introduced testimony of Dr. Cathleen Caldwell, a
laboratory chief in the inorganic and radiation analytical toxicology branch of the CDC,
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and Dr. John Osterloh, chief medical officer at the division of laboratory sciences at the
CDC. Both doctors’ testimony related to their analysis of the lead isotope ratios in three
lead nitrate samples, one taken from appellant’s home and two from the high school
chemistry lab where appellant formerly worked, in comparison to the lead isotope ratio
found in H.H.’s blood and urine. The report issued by Dr. Caldwell and Dr. Osterloh
found the lead isotope ratios to be either “clearly different” or “very different” from the
ratios from H.H.’s specimen. From this, the doctors each testified that the samples
could not be either excluded or identified as contributing to the lead in H.H.’s specimen.
{¶12} Dr. Quang, who testified that he had significant training and experience as
a toxicologist in analyzing isotopes, later opined the report’s conclusion was predictable
because, when lead nitrate samples from several separate sources are mixed, it would
be unlikely for the lead isotope ratios in the victim to be consistent or uniform with any of
the individual sources. Specifically, he testified:
{¶13} Remember, lead is obtained from mines. Okay? Different mines
have different proportions of 206, 207, 208 [lead isotopes]. But if
the lead nitrate from one mine is used solely as the source of
exogenous introduction of lead, then the analysis of the ratio of 208
to 206, and 207 to 206 in the product should match that ratio
analysis in the blood and urine, if it’s a single product.
{¶14} ***
{¶15} If there’s one source it would match. If there’s one source used
throughout, it would match. If there are multiple sources with
different ratios, and all those sources are used at different times,
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then what’s in [H.H.’s] body represents the ratios from different
sources. Not any one source. * * *
{¶16} ***
{¶17} I’ll use the analogy of marbles and glasses. Okay? Say I have a
beaker, one beaker here. And another beaker here. And I have
different color marbles in each one. Okay? Say I have blue
marbles here, to represent one specific isotope ratio of lead. And
this one I have different color marbles to represent a different ratio
of 207 to 206 and 208 to 206. * * * If I, if only one lead source with
this isotopic ratio is added into here, and this is the body of a
patient, then what would be in here are what? Blue marbles, right?
If I were to test the ratio of this beaker and test the ratio * * * of this
beaker, it would do what? It would match. Right? Because only
one source was used. Now imagine this has been given already.
At a later point in time, this is now added. A different lead source
with a different isotope ratio. Okay? You add this now in here - -
these are still in there. But now you have this. Now you can see
when you test the body, okay - - the blood and urine, the body.
That’s what this represents. It’s gonna give you a separate point
that would, a different ratio that would represent this mixture.
Okay? And it will be blue and red, and it won’t therefore match
what? Just red. Or just blue. And then if there’s even more
sources, that makes it even less likely to ever pinpoint what source.
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Because different sources of lead really have different ratios. And I
think the CDC even showed that. That we tested 3 samples, and
all 3 samples had different ratios. So if you add all 3 samples into
the body and you measure what’s in the body in the form of blood
and urine, that ratio is gonna reflect all 3 mixed together. Not any
one source. And it will never match.
{¶18} Dr. Quang was later questioned on cross-examination about the
plausibility, given the inconclusive nature of the CDC’s report, that the lead nitrate in
H.H.’s system came from a source other than the samples analyzed. The doctor noted
that samples one, two, and three were the only samples recovered and, thus, in his
opinion, such a scenario would be unlikely. Defense counsel pointed out that,
notwithstanding the testimony regarding the manner in which mixed isotopes react, Dr.
Quang was assuming what the prosecution had failed to establish; namely, that all three
samples were actually utilized as a source. In response, Dr. Quang simply testified that,
in light of his experience with H.H.’s case in conjunction with the behavior of lead
isotopes when mixed, samples one, two, and three were plausible sources of H.H.’s
poisoning.
{¶19} Moreover, at no point did Dr. Quang assert, based upon his interpretation
of the CDC report, that he could draw a “definitive conclusion” regarding the source of
the lead that contaminated H.H. In fact, on cross-examination, defense counsel pointed
out that Dr. Quang’s testimony indicated that none of the three tested samples may
have been an actual source of the poisoning. Defense counsel was therefore able to
reemphasize, through Dr. Quang, that, even though the three samples could not be
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excluded, there was simply no way of conclusively identifying them as contributing
sources.
{¶20} Trial counsel’s cross-examination effectively attacked Dr. Quang’s
testimony regarding the implications of the CDC report without recourse to an expert.
Indeed, the cross-examination effectively brought forth the points emphasized by Dr.
Sachleben in his affidavit and, in this respect, a defense expert could have been viewed
as unnecessarily cumulative. Further, even had trial counsel employed Dr. Sachleben, it
is not clear counsel would have called him as a witness as the report accompanying the
doctor’s affidavit notes that as much as “35% of the lead found in the victim could have
come from any of the lead nitrate samples.” Trial counsel could have reasonably
determined that this point alone would be sufficiently difficult to explain away on re-
direct. We therefore hold the evidence within the record demonstrates that the decision
not to employ an outside expert was reasonable and strategic. Appellant’s arguments
relating to counsel’s failure to employ an expert could have been fairly resolved without
recourse to Dr. Sachleben’s affidavit and are therefore barred by res judicata.
{¶21} Appellant next argues that counsel was ineffective for failing to object to
the introduction of the three lead nitrate samples into evidence. Appellant contends
that, pursuant to the CDC report, none of the samples matched the samples taken from
H.H. and therefore the risk of prejudice significantly outweighed their probative value.
There is nothing to suggest, and appellant does not claim, that this potential issue could
not have been resolved without recourse to evidence dehors the record. We therefore
hold it is also barred by res judicata.
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{¶22} Appellant next contends her right to confrontation was violated when Dr.
Quang was permitted to offer his expert interpretation of the report without an
opportunity to cross-examine the authors, Drs. Caldwell and Osterloh, as experts.
Appellant asserts Dr. Quang was not qualified as an expert and thus his opinions on the
chemistry involved cannot be considered reliable. And, although Drs. Caldwell and
Osterloh were available for cross-examination, she claims they testified only as fact
witnesses regarding their findings. Thus, appellant argues, she was deprived of the
right to confront Drs. Caldwell and Osterloh regarding the accuracy of their results as
well as the ultimate implications of their inconclusive findings. Similar to her previous
arguments, nothing suggests, and appellant does not argue, these points could not
have been resolved during her direct appeal without use of evidence dehors the
record.1 The arguments are therefore barred by res judicata.
{¶23} Appellant next contends she was entitled to a hearing on her motion
because she provided sufficient evidence of prosecutorial misconduct, which violated
her right to due process. In particular, appellant contends that Crim.R. 16(K) was
violated when the state failed to alert the defense it intended to use Dr. Quang as an
expert. Appellant further asserts that, in light of this intention, the state elicited expert
testimony without having Dr. Quang qualified as an expert. We fail to perceive, and
appellant does not argue, that these issues could not have been determined on direct
appeal without utilizing evidence dehors the record. We therefore conclude they are
barred by res judicata.
1. Arguments very similar to these were raised and rejected in appellant’s application to reopen
her direct appeal. They are also res judicata for this reason.
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{¶24} For the following reasons, we find the arguments asserted in appellant’s
petition for postconviction relief could fairly have been asserted and determined on
direct appeal without recourse to evidence dehors the record. Pursuant to the doctrine
of res judicata, we therefore conclude appellant is precluded from litigating these issues
via a petition for postconviction relief. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in
dismissing appellant’s petition without a hearing.
{¶25} Appellant’s assignment of error is without merit.
{¶26} For the reasons discussed in this opinion, the judgment of the Lake
County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
TIMOTHY P. CANNON, P.J.,
DIANE V. GRENDELL, J.,
concur.
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