Kenison v. Kenison

[Cite as Kenison v. Kenison, 2014-Ohio-315.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
Virginia Kenison, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 13AP-507
v. : (C.P.C. No. 83DM-09-2136)
Thomas Kenison, : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on January 30, 2014
Bidwell & Beachler Ltd., LPA, and Jinx Beachler, for appellee.
Tyack, Blackmore, Liston & Nigh Co., L.P.A., and Thomas M.
Tyack, for appellant.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas,
Division of Domestic Relations
SADLER, P.J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Thomas Kenison, appeals from the judgment of the Franklin
County Court of Common Pleas, Division of Domestic Relations, denying his motion for
relief from judgment pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(4). For the reasons that follow, we affirm
the judgment of the trial court.
I. BACKGROUND
{¶ 2} Married in 1958, the parties filed a petition for dissolution of marriage in
September 1983. The dissolution decree filed on October 18, 1983 incorporated the
parties' separation agreement. Regarding spousal support, the separation agreement
provided:
No. 13AP-507 2
The Husband shall pay to the Wife, as and for alimony, the
sum of $900.00 per month until the residence property
located at 1439 London Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43221 is sold
and possession relinquished said alimony payments shall
commence immediately. After the residence is sold and
possession relinquished, Husband shall pay to the Wife, as
and for alimony, the sum of $2,100.00 per month until the
Wife's remarriage, cohabitation with an unrelated male, or her
death, whichever first occurs.
(Separation Agreement, 1.)
{¶ 3} Since 1983, appellee has filed various contempt motions to enforce the
spousal support order, some of which were resolved by agreed entry and others by
contempt findings. The most recent contempt motions were filed by appellee in 2011 and
2012. Together these contempt motions alleged appellant failed to pay ordered spousal
support, failed to pay accumulated spousal support arrearages, and failed to maintain a
life insurance policy as required by the parties' separation agreement. In resolving these
issues, the trial court found appellant had paid more than the required amount of spousal
support during the challenged time frame and, therefore, could not be held in contempt as
to the ongoing monthly spousal support obligation. With respect to the life insurance, the
trial court found appellant had proven by a preponderance of the evidence that he was no
longer able to comply with the requirement to maintain a life insurance policy and,
therefore, was not in contempt for failure to maintain the life insurance policy. Lastly, the
trial court found appellant did not establish a defense for failure to pay spousal support
arrearages by a preponderance of the evidence, and, therefore, appellant was in contempt
for failure to comply with prior court orders establishing arrearages.
{¶ 4} During the pendency of the contempt motions, appellant filed, on April 18,
2012, a motion for relief from judgment pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(4). In this motion,
appellant alleged he was entitled to relief from judgment on the basis that it was no longer
equitable that he be bound by the ongoing spousal support order. According to appellant,
his age, medical and employment issues have left him with the inability to comply with
said order. On March 14, 2013, appellant filed an amended motion pursuant to Civ.R.
60(B)(4) alleging not only that he is unable to comply with the order such that it is no
longer equitable but, also, that appellee has engaged in cohabitation with an unrelated
No. 13AP-507 3
adult male thereby "effectively terminating the right to receive spousal support."
(Mar. 14, 2013 Amended Motion, 2.)
{¶ 5} In her memoranda contra, appellee argued Civ.R. 60(B)(4) was
inapplicable. Alternatively, appellee argued the record established appellant's ability to
continue payment of the spousal support, and the Civ.R. 60(B)(4) motion was not filed
within a reasonable time.
{¶ 6} In denying appellant's motion, the trial court concluded the motion was
untimely and that appellant was not entitled to relief under Civ.R. 60(B)(4) where the
basis for relief was "only his regret that the Order is ongoing." (May 16, 2013 Judgment
Entry, 5.) Specifically, the trial court concluded it was "clearly foreseeable" that appellant
would grow older with attendant health and retirement probabilities. (May 16, 2013
Judgment Entry, 6.) Additionally, the trial court held that, at the time of entering into the
separation agreement, there were no barriers preventing a spouse from negotiating an
end to spousal support. Lastly, the trial court concluded that, "based on [appellant's]
history of contempt, his failure to make a payment since March 2011, and less than full
payments of the order in the past," there was no equity in appellant's position. (May 16,
2013 Judgment Entry, 6.)
II. ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
{¶ 7} This appeal followed, and appellant brings the following assignment of error
for our review:
The trial court erred in refusing to conduct a hearing and
overruling the motion filed by defendant-appellant basing it
in part on a factual finding that the defendant-appellant did
not have a "meritorious claim" to present and the motion was
not timely filed because of the passage of time from the time
of the initial decree.
III. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review
{¶ 8} Civ.R. 60(B) provides that a trial court may relieve a party from a final
judgment, order or proceeding for the following reasons:
(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect;
(2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could
not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial
No. 13AP-507 4
under Rule 59(B); (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated
intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct
of an adverse party; (4) the judgment has been satisfied,
released or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is
based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no
longer equitable that the judgment should have prospective
application; or (5) any other reason justifying relief from the
judgment.
{¶ 9} The rule requires the motion to be made "within a reasonable time, and for
reasons (1), (2) and (3) not more than one year after the judgment, order or proceeding
was entered or taken." "A motion for relief from judgment under Civ.R. 60(B) is
addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and that court's ruling will not be
disturbed on appeal absent a showing of abuse of discretion." Griffey v. Rajan, 33 Ohio
St.3d 75, 77 (1987). " 'The term "abuse of discretion" connotes more than an error of law
or judgment; it implies that the court's attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or
unconscionable.' " Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983), quoting State
v. Adams, 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 157 (1980). When applying an abuse of discretion standard,
an appellate court may not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court. Berk v.
Matthews, 53 Ohio St.3d 161, 169 (1990).
{¶ 10} To prevail under Civ.R. 60(B), the movant must show that: (1) the movant
has a meritorious defense or claim to present if relief is granted, (2) the movant is entitled
to relief under one of the grounds stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) through (5), and (3) the
motion is made within a reasonable time. GTE Automatic Elec. v. ARC Industries, 47
Ohio St.2d 146 (1976), paragraph two of the syllabus. The movant must satisfy all three of
these requirements to obtain relief. State ex rel. Richard v. Seidner, 76 Ohio St.3d 149,
151 (1996); see also GTE at 151 (finding that the requirements under Civ.R. 60(B) "are
independent and in the conjunctive, not the disjunctive"). To warrant a hearing on a
motion for relief from judgment, "the movant must allege operative facts that, if true,
would be sufficient to establish each of the elements of the GTE test." Cunningham v.
Ohio Dept. of Transp., 10th Dist. No. 08AP-330, 2008-Ohio-6911, ¶ 35.
No. 13AP-507 5
B. Assignment of Error
{¶ 11} Appellant filed his motion for relief from judgment, pursuant to Civ.R.
60(B)(4), on the basis that "it is no longer equitable that the judgment should have
prospective application." Appellant asserts the trial court erred in denying his motion by
(1) refusing to take evidence on the issues pertaining to appellant's ability to pay spousal
support, (2) finding appellant did not have a meritorious claim to present, and (3) finding
the motion was untimely. Contrary to the trial court's findings, appellant asserts this
circumstance presents "the sort of situation that Rule 60(B)(4) is designed to deal with."
(Appellant's brief, 6.) Appellant argues it is no longer equitable that he be bound by the
terms of the separation agreement because he has retired, is in "failing health, [and]
disabled" with no substantive assets. (Appellant's brief, 6.) Appellant also asserts
appellee had been "in a relationship" that she ended at the time appellant amended his
motion to add an allegation that appellee was cohabitating with an unrelated male.
(Appellant's brief, 6.)
{¶ 12} In support of his position, appellant relies on Wurzelbacher v. Kroeger, 40
Ohio St.2d 90 (1974), wherein the Supreme Court of Ohio stated, "[w]here subsequent
events have rendered it no longer equitable that a judgment should have prospective
application, it is an abuse of discretion to deny a proper motion for relief from that
judgment." Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus. Wurzelbacher, however, did not concern
a domestic relations order, and after Wurzelbacher, the Supreme Court of Ohio rendered
Knapp v. Knapp, 24 Ohio St.3d 141 (1986), wherein the court limited the use of Civ.R.
60(B)(4) motions by parties seeking modifications of agreed judgments in domestic
relations cases. In Knapp, the husband filed a motion seeking relief from a 1978
dissolution decree that incorporated the parties' separation agreement wherein the parties
agreed that the husband would pay the wife $250 per month as alimony until the wife
died or remarried. In 1983, the husband requested amendment of the dissolution decree
pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(4). According to the husband, it was no longer equitable for the
judgment to have prospective application given the change in his financial situation and
his unawareness that the terms of the separation agreement would remain enforceable
even in light of his changed circumstances.
No. 13AP-507 6
{¶ 13} The court in Knapp disagreed with the husband and reasoned it would be
inequitable not to give the spousal support provision prospective application. The court
stated, "Civ. R. 60(B)(4) was not designed to permit the type of relief Donald Knapp now
seeks. It was designed to provide relief to those who have been prospectively subjected to
circumstances which they had no opportunity to foresee or control." Id. at 146. The court
noted the husband in Knapp "had an opportunity to control the terms of his agreement
and his dissolution decree [and that] Civ. R. 60(B)(4) was not designed to give relief
under these circumstances." Id. Therefore, because the husband made a deliberate
choice to enter into the settlement agreement, Civ.R. 60(B)(4) was not available to him.
In conclusion, the court held:
The "* * * it is no longer equitable * * *" clause of Civ. R.
60(B)(4) was designed to provide relief to those who have
been prospectively subjected to circumstances which they had
no opportunity to foresee or control.
The "* * * it is no longer equitable * * *" clause of Civ. R.
60(B)(4) will not relieve a litigant from the consequences of
his voluntary, deliberate choice to enter into a separation
agreement in a dissolution of marriage proceeding.
Id. at paragraphs one and two of the syllabus.
{¶ 14} In In re Whitman, 81 Ohio St.3d 239 (1997), the Supreme Court of Ohio
again reviewed the applicability of Civ.R. 60(B) in domestic relations' proceedings.
Therein, the court held, "a trial court may grant relief from judgment under Civ.R.
60(B)(1), (2), or (3) as to the property division in the separation agreement without
vacating the decree of dissolution where the parties to a dissolution have expressly agreed
in a separation agreement that the agreement may be modified by court order and the
agreement has been incorporated into the decree." Id. at 244. However, the court
reaffirmed its prior holding in Knapp and the limitation of Civ.R. 60(B)(4) by stating:
In order to further promote finality in dissolution
proceedings, today's holding is limited to motions brought
under Civ.R. 60(B)(1), (2), and (3). This limitation, in effect,
provides permanency to any dissolution that has remained
unchallenged for one year. Civ.R. 60(B). Further, it preserves
the rights of the moving party to Civ.R. 60(B) relief without
sacrificing the general finality of a dissolution decree and
No. 13AP-507 7
without creating any undue hardship for the opposing party.
By limiting our holding in this way, we also remain consistent
with our holding in Knapp v. Knapp, 24 Ohio St.3d 141, 24
Ohio B. Rep. 362, 493 N.E.2d 1353, which precluded a party
from using the "it is no longer equitable" clause of Civ.R.
60(B)(4) to modify a decree of dissolution that was entered
into voluntarily.
Whitman at 245.
{¶ 15} This court reviewed a similar matter in Young v. Young, 10th Dist. No
88AP-50 (Dec. 22, 1988), wherein the parties were granted a divorce in 1983 providing
the wife with alimony and awarding the husband a motor home as part of the property
distribution. The husband filed bankruptcy in 1986, and the bank repossessed the motor
home. However, because the husband did not transfer the obligation on the motor home
solely into his own name, the bank looked to the wife for the remaining balance.
Thereafter, the wife sought to reopen the divorce decree to, in part, increase the alimony
amount to compensate her for her payment of the motor home debt. The wife's motion
was filed pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(4) and (5). While the trial court did not alter the
sustenance alimony payments, the trial court did amend the decree and order the
husband to pay the remaining indebtedness on the motor home to the wife. Relying on
Knapp, this court reversed, stating:
In this case, the trial court abused its discretion in granting
appellee's Civ. R. 60(B)(4) motion, since there was no
showing of specific events which occurred after the judgment
which adversely affected the fair application of the judgment.
In addition, the parties have not been prospectively subjected
to a circumstance which they had no opportunity to foresee or
control and thus, Knapp, supra, has not been satisfied. Had
the parties intended that only appellant was to pay the
indebtedness on the motor home, the parties could have
prevented this situation by providing a hold-harmless clause
in the divorce decree.
Id.; Pinkston v. Pinkston, 10th Dist. No. 97APF09-1267 (June 25, 1998) (pursuant to
Knapp, Civ.R. 60(B)(4) relief is not available where the appellant had the opportunity to
control the terms of the agreement and the dissolution decree); Settonni v. Settonni, 8th
Dist. No. 97784, 2012-Ohio-3084 (no Civ.R. 60(B)(4) relief available where husband
No. 13AP-507 8
argued he was entitled to relief from judgment because the separation agreement was not
equitable from the start); Biro v. Biro, 11th Dist. No. 2006-L-068, 2007-Ohio-3191 (in
matters of domestic relations, Civ.R. 60(B)(4) not meant to offer a party a way to negate a
prior finding that the party could have reasonably prevented); Jenkins v. Jenkins, 5th
Dist. No. 92-CA-24 (Sept. 15, 1993) (Civ.R. 60(B)(4) relief inappropriate where husband
sought to decrease alimony obligation based on his retirement because such was a
foreseeable and controllable event); Jewell v. Jewell, 4th Dist. No. 740 (Dec. 21, 1994)
(agreement to terms of separation agreement precludes relief under Civ.R. 60(B)(4)).
{¶ 16} During oral argument before this court, appellant's counsel argued Civ.R.
60(B)(4) should be applied in this instance because, at the time the parties entered into
their separation agreement, they were not permitted to reserve jurisdiction for the trial
court to modify spousal support payments. Such proposition was refuted by the Supreme
Court of Ohio in Whitman, wherein the court noted that, while R.C. 3105.65, as amended
in 1975 and applicable to the facts before us, did not create continuing jurisdiction for a
trial court to modify property divisions in separation agreements, "nothing in the statutes
suggests that parties are precluded from voluntarily including a provision for continuing
jurisdiction in their separation agreement." Id. at 244. The Whitman court recognized
that this general principle had previously been applied in the context of spousal support
modifications. Id., citing In re Adams, 45 Ohio St.3d 219 (1989) (although a court does
not have statutory authority to modify the alimony payments established by the parties in
the separation agreement, the parties themselves could agree to give the trial court this
authority); see also Colley v. Colley, 43 Ohio St.3d 87 (1989), syllabus.
{¶ 17} Like the litigants described in the previously-cited cases, appellant made a
voluntary, deliberate choice to enter into the separation agreement. The conditions
appellant contends have changed include his increased age, retirement, and health issues.
These conditions, though challenging for appellant, do not constitute circumstances
appellant had no opportunity to foresee or guard against when negotiating the separation
agreement such that relief can be provided under Civ.R. 60(B)(4). Appellant was in the
best position to evaluate and negotiate the terms of the separation agreement, and he
"cannot now rely on Civ.R. 60(B)(4) to vacate his voluntary, deliberate choice to enter into
an agreement merely because hindsight reveals he may not have made a wise choice."
No. 13AP-507 9
Settonni at ¶ 33. As for the allegation that appellee was cohabitating in violation of the
separation agreement, if established, such would result in a termination of spousal
support by the terms of the separation agreement itself and, therefore, such is not an
appropriate basis for relief from judgment under Civ.R. 60(B)(4).
{¶ 18} In accordance with Knapp, Whitman, and their progeny, we conclude
appellant is precluded from using the "it is no longer equitable" clause of Civ.R. 60(B)(4)
to modify the decree of dissolution that was entered into voluntarily, and, as such, the trial
court did not abuse its discretion in denying appellant's Civ.R. 60(B)(4) motion for relief
from judgment. Accordingly, we overrule appellant's asserted assignment of error.
IV. CONCLUSION
{¶ 19} Having overruled appellant's sole assignment of error, we hereby affirm the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, Division of Domestic Relations.
Judgment affirmed.
DORRIAN and O'GRADY, JJ., concur.
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