State v. Barker

[Cite as State v. Barker, 2016-Ohio-8476.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-140445
TRIAL NO. B-1107595-C
Respondent-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
TYSHAWN BARKER, :
Petitioner-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: December 30, 2016
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Rachel Lipman
Curran, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Respondent-Appellee,
The Office of the Ohio Public Defender, and Sheryl A. Trzaska, Assistant State Public
Defender, for Petitioner-Appellant.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
FISCHER, J.
{¶1} Petitioner-appellant Tyshawn Barker appeals the Hamilton County
Common Pleas Court’s judgment denying his petition under R.C. 2953.21 et seq.
seeking postconviction relief from his 2013 convictions. We affirm the court’s
judgment.
{¶2} In 2011, Barker was arrested as a juvenile on charges of aggravated
murder and murder. Following a hearing concerning his amenability to rehabilitation
in the juvenile system, the Hamilton County Juvenile Court transferred jurisdiction to
the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas. After the common pleas court overruled
his motion to suppress his statement to the police, Barker entered and was convicted
upon no-contest pleas to multiple counts of aggravated murder, aggravated robbery,
and tampering with evidence.
{¶3} We affirmed Barker’s convictions in his direct appeal. State v. Barker,
1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-900676, 2014-Ohio-3245. Barker appealed our decision to
the Ohio Supreme Court. The Supreme Court remanded the case to this court to
determine whether Barker had knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waived his
Miranda rights and whether his statement to the police had been voluntary. State v.
Barker, ___ Ohio St.3d ___, 2016-Ohio-2708, __ N.E.3d ___. On remand, we held
that the trial court had properly overruled Barker’s motion to suppress his statement,
and we again affirmed his convictions. State v. Barker, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-
130214, 2016-Ohio-7059. His appeal of that judgment to the Ohio Supreme Court
remains pending.
{¶4} Barker also challenged his convictions in a postconviction petition filed
with the common pleas court in January 2014. In this appeal, he advances a single
assignment of error challenging the denial of his petition without a hearing. We find no
merit to this challenge.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
The Petition Was Timely Filed
{¶5} We reject at the outset the state’s contention that Barker’s petition was
not timely filed. R.C. 2953.21 et seq., governing the proceedings upon a postconviction
petition, confer upon a common pleas court jurisdiction to entertain, and to grant relief
based on, a claim advanced in a timely filed petition alleging “a denial or infringement
of the [petitioner’s] rights as to render the judgment void or voidable under the Ohio
Constitution or the Constitution of the United States.” R.C. 2953.21(A)(1)(a). When, as
here, a direct appeal was taken, a petition must be filed within 180 days “after the date
on which the trial transcript is filed in the court of appeals in the direct appeal of the
judgment of conviction.” R.C. 2953.21(A)(2).
{¶6} After filing his notice of appeal, Barker moved for, and this court
ordered, the preparation and filing of a “complete transcript of the proceedings * * *
includ[ing]: all plea and pretrial proceedings; * * * all post-trial and sentencing
proceedings; and all juvenile-court proceedings, which occurred before the case was
transferred to common pleas [court].” App.R. 10 (B) imposes upon the clerk of the trial
court a duty to transmit to the clerk of the court of appeals “the transcript of
proceedings * * * if the appellant has ordered one.” But the “complete transcript of the
proceedings” that Barker had requested, and that this court had then ordered, was filed
in three parts: the transcripts of the plea and sentencing hearings were filed on April 18,
2013; the transcript of the bindover hearing was filed three months later, on July 15,
2013; and the transcript of the hearing on Barker’s pretrial motion to suppress was filed
on May 27, 2014.
{¶7} Barker filed his postconviction petition on January 17, 2014. Thus, he
filed his petition 274 days after the filing of the plea- and sentencing-hearing
transcripts, 186 days after the filing of the bindover-hearing transcript, and before the
filing of the suppression-hearing transcript.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶8} The state did not argue below that Barker’s petition was untimely. And
the common pleas court addressed and denied the petition on its merits. But the state
now insists that the common pleas court had no jurisdiction to entertain the petition.
The petition, the state insists, was not timely filed when the 180 days began to run upon
the filing of the plea- and sentencing-hearing transcripts on April 18, 2013, and that the
petition did not satisfy the jurisdictional requirements for a late petition under R.C.
2953.23. We hold, to the contrary, that the petition was timely filed.
{¶9} “Trial transcript” means the transcript of the proceedings
before the trial court. The 180-day period for filing a postconviction petition is
triggered by the filing of “the trial transcript * * * in the court of appeals in the direct
appeal of the judgment of conviction.” R.C. 2953.21(A)(2). Barker was convicted upon
no-contest pleas and thus there was no “trial transcript” to be filed. Thus, a strict
reading of the term “trial transcript” would mean either that R.C. 2953.21(A)(2)’s time
limitation did not apply to him, or that the postconviction statutes afforded him no
remedy.
{¶10} But the Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 714
N.E.2d 905 (1999), declared that the postconviction statutes provide “a remedy [for] a
defendant who has either been tried and found guilty * * *, or who has pled guilty and
has been convicted.” Id. at 283. And the court in State v. Everette, 129 Ohio St.3d 317,
2011-Ohio-2856, 951 N.E.2d 1018, defined the term “trial transcript” with reference to
App.R. 9 and used the term interchangeably with the term “transcript of proceedings,”
in holding that the filing of the certified written (rather than videotaped) transcript
triggers the statutory time. Id. at ¶ 20, 27. This court has also consistently read the
term “trial transcript” to mean the “transcript of proceedings” contemplated by App.R.
9. See, e.g., State v. Smith, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120163, 2012-Ohio-5965, ¶ 7;
State v. Lawson, 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-120077 and C-120067, 2012-Ohio-5281, ¶ 6.
Therefore, the 180-day period for filing a postconviction petition begins to run upon the
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
filing of those transcripts of the trial-court proceedings resulting in the conviction
appealed, indicated by the appellant to be “necessary for inclusion in the record [on
appeal].” See App.R. 9(A) and (B).
{¶11} By pleading no-contest, rather than guilty, to the charges against him,
Barker preserved his ability to challenge in his direct appeal the overruling of his
motion to suppress. See Crim.R. 12(I); State v. Lopez, 166 Ohio App.3d 337, 2006-
Ohio-2091, 850 N.E.2d 781 (1st Dist.), ¶ 48. In May 2013, this court, at Barker’s
request, ordered the preparation and filing of a “complete transcript of the
proceedings,” including, among other things, “all * * * pretrial proceedings.” Because
the trial court failed to record an entry overruling the motion to suppress, counsel
appointed to represent Barker in his direct appeal did not, in preparing the appellant’s
brief, recognize that a part of the “complete transcript of proceedings” that had been
ordered—the transcript of the pretrial suppression hearing—had yet to be filed. When,
in early May 2014, counsel and then this court learned of this deficiency, this court
again ordered the preparation and filing of the transcript of this pretrial proceeding and
permitted Barker to add an assignment of error challenging the overruling of his
motion to suppress.
{¶12} Thus, for purposes of R.C. 2953.21(B)(2), Barker’s “trial transcripts”
consisted of those transcripts of the proceedings before the trial court that were
“necessary for inclusion in the record [on appeal].” And those transcripts cannot be
said to have been filed with this court until May 27, 2014, when this court’s May 2013
order for preparation and filing of “a complete transcript of the proceedings” was at last
satisfied. By then, Barker had filed his postconviction petition. Therefore, the petition
was timely filed, and the common pleas court had jurisdiction under R.C. 2953.21 to
entertain it.
{¶13} Other appellate district cases are distinguishable. We
recognize that decisions out of other appellate districts might be read to insist on a
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
strict reading of the phrase “trial transcript” as used in R.C. 2953.21(A)(2). Those
courts have held that the time for filing a postconviction petition begins to run upon the
filing of the transcript of the petitioner’s “trial,” and that the filing time cannot then be
extended by “supplement[ing]” the record five months later with the transcript of a
suppression hearing, State v. Johnson, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 99-T-0143, 2001 Ohio
App. LEXIS 494, *4-5 (Feb. 9, 2001), or by the subsequent filing of “irrelevant” pretrial
transcripts, State v. Wilson, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-13-1210, 2014-Ohio-1307, ¶ 7-10,
“irrelevant” transcripts of pretrial hearings concerning scheduling and the appellant’s
bond, State v. Chavis-Tucker, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 05AP-974, 2006-Ohio-3105, ¶ 6-
8, a transcript of a witness’s grand-jury testimony, State v. Dotson, 2d Dist. Clark No.
06-CA-45, 2007-Ohio-4078, ¶ 6-7, transcripts of proceedings in previous cases that
“had [no] relevance to the appeal,” State v. Durham, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98044,
2012-Ohio-4165, ¶ 5-7, or audio recordings that had been played for the jury at trial, but
had not been included in the initial record filed with the court. State v. Rice, 11th Dist.
Ashtabula No. 2010-A-0046, 2011-Ohio-3746, ¶ 22-31.
{¶14} But those cases are distinguishable here. The appeals in those cases all
derived from convictions following a trial rather than the entry of a guilty or no-contest
plea. And those appellate districts have also accepted that the postconviction statutes
afford a remedy to a petitioner convicted upon a guilty or no-contest plea. See State v.
Moon, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101930, 2015-Ohio-1648; State v. Connin, 6th Dist.
Lucas No. L-14-1098, 2015-Ohio-631; State v. Osco, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2014-P-
0010, 2015-Ohio-45; State v. Withers, 1oth Dist. Franklin Nos. 12AP-865 and 12AP-
868, 2013-Ohio-420; State v. Day, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2012 CA 0011, 2012-Ohio-
4620.
{¶15} Moreover, as the Tenth and Eighth Districts have noted, “[t]he rationale
behind these holdings is that an appellant should not be allowed to unilaterally extend
the statute’s time limitation by filing irrelevant transcripts of pretrial hearings months
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
after the filing of his trial transcript.” Durham at ¶ 6, citing Johnson and Chavis-
Tucker; Chavis-Tucker at ¶ 8, citing Johnson. That rationale would not compel a
contrary result here. The transcript of the hearing on Barker’s motion to suppress was
filed not with the purpose of extending the time to file his postconviction petition, but
to satisfy this court’s order, issued a year earlier, that the complete transcript of the
proceedings before the trial court, including any pretrial hearings, be prepared and
filed. And the transcript was certainly relevant to Barker’s appeal, when he had, by
pleading no-contest, preserved his ability to challenge on appeal the overruling of his
motion to suppress and had then assigned as error the overruling of that motion.
Postconviction Relief Was Properly Denied
{¶16} The common pleas court thus had jurisdiction to entertain Barker’s
postconviction petition. But we hold that the court properly declined to conduct a
hearing on his postconviction claim and properly denied him the relief sought.
{¶17} To prevail on a postconviction claim, the petitioner must demonstrate a
denial or infringement of his rights in the proceedings resulting in his conviction that
rendered the conviction void or voidable under the state or federal constitution. R.C.
2953.21(A)(1). The petitioner bears the initial burden of demonstrating, through the
petition, the supporting affidavits, and the files and records of the case, “substantive
grounds for relief.” R.C. 2953.21(C). A postconviction claim is subject to dismissal
without a hearing if the petitioner has failed to submit with his petition evidentiary
material setting forth sufficient operative facts to demonstrate substantive grounds for
relief. Id.; State v. Pankey, 68 Ohio St.2d 58, 58-59, 428 N.E.2d 413 (1981); State v.
Jackson, 64 Ohio St.2d 107, 413 N.E.2d 819 (1980), syllabus. Conversely, “the court
must proceed to a prompt hearing on the issues” if “the petition and the files and
records of the case show the petitioner is * * * entitled to relief.” R.C. 2953.21(E).
{¶18} Barker sought relief from his convictions on the ground that they had
been the product of his trial counsel’s ineffectiveness in investigating, preparing, and
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
presenting his case at the bindover hearing. This claim presented matters that
depended for their resolution upon evidence outside the record. Thus, the claim was
not, as the common pleas court concluded, barred under the doctrine of res judicata.
See State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 226 N.E.2d 104 (1967), paragraph nine of the
syllabus.
{¶19} But the claim was properly denied on the alternative basis that it was not
adequately supported. To prevail on a postconviction claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel, the petitioner must demonstrate (1) that counsel’s performance fell below an
objective standard of reasonableness, and (2) that counsel’s deficient performance
prejudiced him. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80
L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989),
paragraphs two and three of the syllabus. We conclude that the evidence offered by
Barker in support of his postconviction claim did not demonstrate an outcome-
determinative deficiency in his counsel’s performance at the bindover hearing.
{¶20} Barker supported his petition with outside evidence in the form of the
bindover evaluation prepared at the behest of the juvenile court by Paul Deardorff,
Ph.D.; the affidavit of an attorney with experience in juvenile law and bindover
proceedings; the Ohio Department of Youth Services Behavioral Health Services
Program Manual; and amici briefs filed in two unrelated United States Supreme Court
cases by an array of mental-health organizations, outlining the scientific research
concerning adolescent development and culpability underlying the Court’s decisions
holding that, as applied to juveniles, the death penalty and certain life sentences are
unconstitutional. This evidence, Barker insisted, showed that his trial counsel had been
ineffective at the bindover hearing in failing to present evidence showing the
developmental differences between adolescents and adults, in failing to call Dr.
Deardorff to testify concerning Barker’s amenability to rehabilitation through the
juvenile justice system, in failing to present testimony by an independent psychologist
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
concerning the effect of Barker’s age and cognitive impairment on his culpability, and
in failing to argue in favor of a serious-youthful-offender disposition.
{¶21} Barker also indicated in his January 2014 petition that he “intend[ed] to
amend [the] petition with the report and affidavit of an independent psychologist”
whose services he was in the process of securing. On May 29, 2014, after the transcript
of the suppression hearing had at last been filed in the direct appeal, but before the
state responded to his postconviction petition, Barker reiterated his intention to amend
his petition by filing with the common pleas court a document captioned “Information
* * * Regarding Amended [Postconviction] Petition * * *.” In the “Information,” Barker
advised the court that he was awaiting completion of, and intended to submit with his
amended petition, two reports: the report referred to in his postconviction petition,
concerning his evaluation by forensic psychologist Daniel L. Davis, Ph.D.; and a
“supplemental report,” relevant to the suppression motion, concerning his
“comprehension level, cognitive delays, or ability to execute a knowing, intelligent, and
voluntary waiver.” On June 30, 2014, the common pleas court entered findings of fact
and conclusions of law and denied the petition without an evidentiary hearing.
{¶22} On appeal, Barker asserts that Dr. Davis’s reports would have
demonstrated counsel’s ineffectiveness at both the bindover hearing and the hearing on
the motion to suppress. He insists that the trial court abused its discretion in denying
his petition before he could amend it and in failing to conduct an evidentiary hearing.
{¶23} Although Dr. Deardorff did not testify at the bindover hearing, his report
was presented during the hearing. The juvenile court considered that report and the
R.C. 2151.12 factors, including Barker’s age and mental capacity, and decided to transfer
jurisdiction to the common pleas court upon concluding that Barker was not amenable
to rehabilitation through the juvenile justice system within the available time period,
and that community safety required adult sanctions. In the direct appeal, we held that
the decision to transfer the case did not constitute an abuse of discretion. Barker, 1st
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Dist. Hamilton No. C-900676, 2014-Ohio-3245, at ¶ 5, 7-8. And on appeal from our
decision, the Ohio Supreme Court accepted jurisdiction not to review that
determination, but to determine whether the presumption of voluntariness contained
in R.C. 2933.81(B) violates due process when applied to a juvenile and whether that
presumption affects a reviewing court’s analysis of a purported waiver of Miranda
rights. See Barker, ___ Ohio St.3d ___, 2016-Ohio-2708, __ N.E.3d ___, at ¶ 19,
citing State v. Barker, 141 Ohio St.3d 1473, 2015-Ohio-554, 25 N.E.3d 1080.
{¶24} Barker’s postconviction challenge to his counsel’s effectiveness in the
bindover proceedings, as well as the challenge proposed in the “Information” to
counsel’s effectiveness concerning the motion to suppress, depended heavily on Dr.
Davis’s reports. Barker could have amended his petition to include those reports and
the proposed suppression challenge, either by right, before the state filed its opposing
memorandum on June 16, 2014, or by leave, before the court filed its findings of fact
and conclusions of law denying the petition on June 30. See R.C. 2953.21(F). But he
neither amended his petition nor asked the court to stay its decision until he could file
an amendment. Therefore, the court, in deciding the petition more than six months
after its submission, cannot be said to have abused its discretion.1
{¶25} Because Barker did not amend his petition, the common pleas court, in
deciding the petition, did not have before it Dr. Davis’s reports or the proposed
challenge to counsel’s effectiveness concerning the motion to suppress. And the outside
evidence offered by Barker in support of his challenge to counsel’s effectiveness at the
bindover hearing cannot be said to have demonstrated a reasonable probability of a
different result. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674;
Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373, at paragraph three of the syllabus.
1
Dr. Davis’s reports were finally filed on November 21, 2014, in support of Barker’s second
postconviction petition and his Civ.R. 60(B) motion seeking relief from the June 30 judgment
denying his first petition. The second petition and the Civ.R. 60(B) motion remain pending
before the common pleas court.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶26} Barker thus failed to sustain his burden of submitting evidentiary
material setting forth sufficient operative facts to demonstrate substantive grounds for
relief. We, therefore, hold that the common pleas court properly denied his
postconviction petition without an evidentiary hearing. See R.C. 2953.21(C); Pankey,
68 Ohio St.2d at 58-59, 428 N.E.2d 413; Jackson, 64 Ohio St.2d 107, 413 N.E.2d 819, at
syllabus. Accordingly, we overrule the assignment of error and affirm the court’s
judgment.
Judgment affirmed.
HENDON, P.J., and DEWINE, J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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