State v. Shirley

[Cite as State v. Shirley, 2013-Ohio-1948.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
CASE NO. CA2012-07-127
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
OPINION
: 5/13/2013
- vs -
:
MICHAEL SHIRLEY, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. CR2011-09-1478
Michael T. Gmoser, Butler County Prosecuting Attorney, Lina N. Alkamhawi, Government
Services Center, 315 High Street, 11th Floor, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for plaintiff-appellee
Christopher P. Frederick, 304 North Second Street, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for defendant-
appellant
M. POWELL, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Michael Shirley, appeals his conviction in the Butler
County Court of Common Pleas for failure to verify a current residence, school, institution of
higher education, or place of employment address in violation of R.C. 2950.06.
{¶ 2} Appellant was convicted in 1983 of rape, a first-degree felony, and was
sentenced to a prison term of 7 to 25 years. Prior to his release from prison on March 1,
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2002, appellant was classified as a sexually oriented offender pursuant to Ohio's Megan's
Law (which became effective in 1997). As a sexually oriented offender, appellant was
required to verify his address on an annual basis for ten years following his release from
prison and to notify the sheriff of any change of address. For offenders whose underlying
offense was a felony, failure to comply with the reporting requirements of Megan's Law was a
fifth-degree felony. See former R.C. 2950.99.
{¶ 3} Effective January 1, 2008, the General Assembly repealed Megan's Law and
replaced it with the Adam Walsh Act ("AWA"). Pursuant to the AWA, appellant was
reclassified in March 2010 by the Ohio Attorney General as a Tier III sexual offender. As a
result, he was required to verify his address every 90 days for the rest of his life.
Am.Sub.S.B. No. 97 also became effective on January 1, 2008; it amended R.C. 2950.99.
Pursuant to R.C. 2950.99(A)(1)(a), the failure to verify an address is the same degree
offense as the underlying sexual offense. In appellant's case, that meant that a failure to
verify his address would be a first-degree felony.
{¶ 4} In June 2010, the Ohio Supreme Court held that the reclassification provisions
of the AWA were unconstitutional because they violated the separation-of-powers doctrine.
See State v. Bodyke, 126 Ohio St. 3d 266, 2010-Ohio-2424. Consequently, appellant signed
a Notice of Registration Duties in January 2011. The form indicated that appellant was once
again classified as a "(Pre AWA) Sexually Oriented Offender," and was required to verify his
address on an annual basis for ten years.
{¶ 5} On September 21, 2011, appellant was indicted on one count of failure to verify
a current residence, school, institution of higher education, or place of employment address
in violation of R.C. 2950.06 (failure to verify an address), and one count of failure to provide
notice of a change of address or place of employment in violation of R.C. 2950.05(A), both
first-degree felonies.
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{¶ 6} In February 2012, appellant requested a bill of particulars from the state, but
the state failed to comply with appellant's request. Appellant took no further action regarding
the bill of particulars. On April 11, 2012, appellant pled guilty to one count of failure to verify
an address in violation of R.C. 2950.06; the second count was dismissed. On June 8, 2012,
appellant moved to withdraw his guilty plea, but withdrew his motion about two weeks later.
On July 11, 2012, the trial court sentenced appellant to three years in prison (the mandatory
minimum prison term for a first-degree felony), to be served concurrently with a sentence
from Hamilton County.
{¶ 7} Appellant appeals, raising three assignments of error.
{¶ 8} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶ 9} APPELLANT'S CONVICTION UNDER AMENDED CHAPTER 2950 VIOLATED
THE SEPARATION OF POWERS AND RETROACTIVITY CLAUSES IN THE OHIO STATE
CONSTITUTION AND THE EX POST FACTO CLAUSE IN THE UNITED STATES
CONSTITUTION.
{¶ 10} Appellant seeks the reversal of his conviction on the ground he was indicted
under the AWA amendments to Megan's Law in violation of the Ohio Supreme Court's
decisions in Bodyke, 2010-Ohio-2424, and State v. Williams, 129 Ohio St. 3d 344, 2011-Ohio-
1
3374. The state concedes that in light of the Ohio Supreme Court's recent decisions in
State v. Brunning, 134 Ohio St. 3d 438, 2012-Ohio-5752, and State v. Howard, 134 Ohio
St.3d 467, 2012-Ohio-5738, appellant should have been sentenced to a fifth-degree felony,
and not to a first-degree felony.
{¶ 11} In Bodyke, the supreme court held that the reclassification provisions of the
1. In Williams, the supreme court addressed the case of a defendant who had committed a sex offense before,
but was sentenced after, the AWA became effective. The supreme court declared that the AWA was punitive
and, "as applied to defendants who committed sex offenses prior to its enactment, violates Section 28, Article II
of the Ohio Constitution which prohibits the General Assembly from passing retroactive laws." Williams, 2011-
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AWA, which required the attorney general to reclassify sex offenders who had already been
classified by court order under former law, were unconstitutional. Bodyke at ¶ 60. The court
held that, as a result, the reclassification provisions could not "be applied to offenders
previously adjudicated by judges under Megan's Law, and the classifications and community-
notification and registration orders imposed previously by judges are reinstated." Id. at ¶ 66.
{¶ 12} In the case at bar, the language of the indictment clearly indicates that
appellant was indicted for a first-degree felony for a violation of the reporting requirements.
In Brunning, the supreme court addressed whether its holding in Bodyke required the
vacation of a conviction of a sex offender who was originally classified under Megan's Law
but was indicted for violating the AWA where the conduct underlying the conviction
constituted a violation under both Megan's Law and the AWA. The supreme court held that:
offenders originally classified under Megan's Law have a
continuing duty to abide by the requirements of Megan's Law.
Thus, this court's holding in Bodyke does not require vacation of
a conviction for violating the AWA when the offender, originally
classified under Megan's Law, was indicted for a violation of the
AWA that also constitutes a violation under Megan's Law. We
note that the applicable penalty provision for such convictions is
that contained in former R.C. 2950.99, as held in another
decision of this court announced today, State v. Howard, 134
Ohio St. 3d 467, 2012-Ohio-5738, 983 N.E.2d 341.
Brunning, 2012-Ohio-5752 at ¶ 31.
{¶ 13} In Howard, the supreme court reiterated that "[t]hose who committed their
offense before the effective date of the AWA are subject to the provisions of Megan's Law;
those who committed their offense after the effective date of the AWA are subject to the
AWA." Howard, 2012-Ohio-5738 at ¶ 17. With regard to Howard, the court found that:
in this case we deal with a defendant who violated former R.C.
2950.05, not the current R.C. 2950.05 for which R.C. 2950.99
provides penalties. Pursuant to Bodyke, Howard's original
Ohio-3374 at syllabus. The supreme court held that the provisions of Megan's Law would apply to defendants
who committed their offenses before the enactment date of the AWA.
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classification under Megan's Law and the associated community-
notification and registration order were reinstated. See Bodyke,
126 Ohio St. 3d 266, 2010-Ohio-2424, 933 N.E.2d 753, at ¶ 66.
Howard must abide by the requirements of former R.C. 2950.05,
not current R.C. 2950.05. R.C. 2950.99 describes punishments
for people who violate the requirements of the AWA—it does not
reach back to cover offenders who must abide by Megan's Law.
Former R.C. 2950.99 addresses punishments for offenders who
violate the provisions of Megan's Law, including former R.C.
2950.05. Current R.C. 2950.99 applies to a different statutory
landscape; by its own terms it applies to offenders who violate
current R.C. 2950.05. Howard's sex-offender-registration
obligations are controlled by Megan's Law. The penalty
provisions under Megan's law thus also apply.
Howard at ¶ 19.
{¶ 14} In light of the foregoing, we find that (1) appellant remains accountable for the
yearly reporting requirement under Megan's Law and former R.C. 2950.06; (2) the Ohio
Supreme Court's holding in Bodyke does not require vacation of appellant's conviction for
failure to verify an address; (3) former R.C. 2950.99, the penalty provision under Megan's
Law for offenders who violate the provisions of Megan's Law, applies; and (4) the trial court
erred in sentencing appellant under current R.C. 2950.99, rather than former R.C. 2950.99,
the penalty provision that existed on the date appellant was originally classified under
Megan's Law in March 2002. State v. Gingell, 128 Ohio St. 3d 444, 2011-Ohio-1481, ¶ 8;
Brunning, 2012-Ohio-5752 at ¶ 31; Howard, 2012-Ohio-5738 at ¶ 19.
{¶ 15} We therefore reverse appellant's sentence and remand the case to the trial
court for resentencing as a fifth-degree felony.
{¶ 16} Appellant's first assignment of error is well-taken and sustained.
{¶ 17} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶ 18} APPELLANT'S FEDERAL AND STATE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TO DUE
PROCESS WERE VIOLATED WHEN THE STATE DID NOT PROVIDE A BILL OF
PARTICULARS.
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{¶ 19} Appellant argues the state's failure to provide the requested bill of particulars
was prejudicial because he was unable to properly prepare his defense without a bill of
particulars. Appellant asserts that the indictment was "indefinite, vague, and uninformative,"
and that a bill of particulars was necessary to clarify the charges and to specify whether he
was indicted for violating the AWA or Megan's Law.
{¶ 20} The purpose of a bill of particulars is "to clarify the allegations in the indictment
so that the accused may know with what he is charged in order to prepare his defense."
Foutty v. Maxwell, 174 Ohio St. 35, 38 (1962). "Although Crim.R. 7 provides a criminal
defendant with the right to obtain a bill of particulars, the failure to provide such does not
automatically constitute reversible error." State v. Ray, 12th Dist. No. CA2009-06-022, 2010-
Ohio-2434, ¶ 11. "An appellate court may only reverse a conviction for a failure to provide a
timely requested bill of particulars if appellant demonstrates that his 'lack of knowledge
concerning the specific facts a bill of particulars would have provided him actually prejudiced
him in his ability to fairly defend himself.'" Id., quoting State v. Chinn, 85 Ohio St. 3d 548, 569
(1999).
{¶ 21} In the case at bar, appellant requested a bill of particulars from the state.
When the state failed to comply with appellant's request, appellant took no further action. A
"'proper method of protesting the state's failure to provide a bill of particulars would have
been to file a motion to compel compliance with the order.'" Ray at ¶ 12, quoting State v.
Rothman, 8th Dist. No. 48608, 1985 WL 9762, *2 (Mar. 14, 1985). However, appellant failed
to file a motion to compel, and likewise failed to request a continuance to resolve the matter.
{¶ 22} Nor did appellant bring the state's failure to provide a bill of particulars to the
trial court's attention. "Because a request for a bill of particulars, like a demand for discovery,
is filed with the court but made directly to the prosecutor, the defendant is required to bring
the state's failure to respond to the trial court's attention at a time when the error can be
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remedied." State v. Sims, 9th Dist. No. 94CA005797, 1994 WL 581408, *3 (Oct. 19, 1994).
{¶ 23} Further, as the Ohio Supreme Court held, "Where, as here, the accused, while
represented by counsel, withdraws his plea of not guilty and enters a plea of guilty, the need
for a bill of particulars no longer exists. An accused by pleading guilty to an indictment
waives the right to a bill of particulars." Foutty, 174 Ohio St. at 38-39. See also State v.
Williamitis, 2d Dist. No. 20508, 2004-Ohio-6234 (a defendant waives any claim of error
regarding his failure to receive a bill of particulars by proceeding to trial without a bill of
particulars or a request for a continuance); State v. Richards, 5th Dist. No. 2002CA00057,
2002-Ohio-6847 (by pleading guilty, defendant waived his right to challenge any defects in
the indictment as well as the bill of particulars).
{¶ 24} Appellant's second assignment of error is accordingly overruled.
{¶ 25} Assignment of Error No. 3:
{¶ 26} APPELLANT'S FEDERAL AND STATE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TO DUE
PROCESS AND WERE VIOLATED WHEN HE RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF
COUNSEL. (sic)
{¶ 27} Appellant argues his trial counsel's failure to compel the state to provide a bill of
particulars constituted ineffective assistance of counsel.
{¶ 28} In order to establish ineffective assistance of counsel, appellant must show that
his trial attorney's performance was both deficient and prejudicial. Strickland v. Washington,
466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052 (1984); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St. 3d 136, 141-142
(1989). With respect to deficiency, appellant must show that his counsel's performance "fell
below an objective standard of reasonableness." Strickland at 688. With respect to
prejudice, appellant must show there is a reasonable probability that, but for his counsel's
unprofessional errors, the outcome of the proceeding would have been different. Id. at 694.
"A defendant's failure to satisfy one prong of the Strickland test negates a court's need to
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consider the other." State v. Madrigal, 87 Ohio St. 3d 378, 389 (2000); State v. Gilbert, 12th
Dist. No. CA2010-09-240, 2011-Ohio-4340, ¶ 73.
{¶ 29} The state's failure to provide appellant with a timely requested bill of particulars
was clearly erroneous. However, we find that trial counsel's failure to obtain a bill of
particulars was not prejudicial.
{¶ 30} Appellant was indicted on one count of failure to verify an address in violation of
R.C. 2950.06(A) or (C) and one count of failure to provide notice of a change of address in
violation of R.C. 2950.05(A), both first-degree felonies. Both counts alleged that appellant
failed to verify an address and provide notice of an address change on or about July 11,
2011 through September 2, 2011.
{¶ 31} Documents provided by the state in response to appellant's discovery request
included appellant's 1983 sentence for rape, his original classification in 2002 as a sexually
oriented offender and his duties as a sexually oriented offender, and a notice of registration
duties signed by appellant in January 2011. The latter form indicated that appellant was
classified as a "(Pre AWA) Sexually Oriented Offender," was required to verify his address on
an annual basis for ten years, and was required to register with the sheriff's office "no later
than 07/11/2011."
{¶ 32} At the plea hearing, appellant pled guilty to failure to verify an address in
exchange for the dismissal of the second count. The state told the trial court that under the
first count, as a result of a 1983 first-degree felony rape conviction, appellant was required to
register on July 11, 2011, but failed to do so, even after two warning letters were sent to him.
The trial court then accepted appellant's guilty plea.
{¶ 33} Appellant asserts that had the state provided a bill of particulars, appellant
would have known which version of R.C. Chapter 2950, the AWA or Megan's Law, he was
alleged to have violated. However, appellant has failed to demonstrate how he would have
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defended the case differently had he received a bill of particulars. See State v. Pimental, 8th
Dist. No. 84034, 2005-Ohio-384.
{¶ 34} Appellant was indicted for seemingly violating the AWA where the conduct
underlying the charges constituted a violation under both Megan's Law and the AWA. With
regard to the second count, the requirements for giving notice of a change of address are the
same under both versions of R.C. 2950.05 of the AWA and Megan's Law. By contrast, with
regard to the first count, the requirements for verifying an address under R.C. 2950.06 of the
AWA and Megan's Law are different: Megan's Law requires a sex offender to verify his
address annually, whereas the AWA requires the offender to verify his address every 90
days. Although the conduct described under the first count constituted a violation of the
AWA version of R.C. 2950.06, it also constituted a violation under the Megan's Law version
of R.C. 2950.06, which appellant was bound to follow. See Gingell, 2011-Ohio-1481;
Howard, 2012-Ohio-5738; and Brunning, 2012-Ohio-5752.
{¶ 35} We therefore find that trial counsel's failure to compel the state to provide a bill
of particulars did not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel.
{¶ 36} Appellant's third assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 37} Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded to the trial court for
resentencing.
RINGLAND, P.J., and PIPER, J., concur.
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