White v. Toledo

[Cite as White v. Toledo, 2015-Ohio-3667.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LUCAS COUNTY
Bryan C. White, et al. Court of Appeals No. L-15-1076
Appellants Trial Court No. CI0201402059
v.
City of Toledo, et al. DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellees Decided: September 10, 2015
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D. Lee Johnson and D. Scott Williams, for appellants.
Adam W. Loukx, Law Director, Jeffery B. Charles, and
Michael A. Kyser, for appellees.
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YARBROUGH, P.J.
I. Introduction
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from the judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common
Pleas that granted appellees’, the City of Toledo and Lieutenant Edward Bombrys,
motion for summary judgment against appellants, Bryan C. White and Shirley Richards.
We reverse.
A. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} The dispute surrounds a traffic incident which occurred on February 27,
2014. Appellants, who were together in one vehicle, and Lieutenant Bombrys were
travelling in the same direction on Douglas Road. Appellants slowed to a stop as they
approached an intersection. At the same time, another officer announced over the radio
that he had pulled over two suspects. This call caused Lieutenant Bombrys to become
distracted by the electronic equipment in his police cruiser. Due to this distraction,
Lieutenant Bombrys struck the rear of appellants’ vehicle causing the alleged injuries to
appellants. Appellants filed suit for negligence and negligence per se in the Lucas
County Court of Common Pleas. Appellees claimed political-subdivision immunity
under R.C. 2744.02 in response.
{¶ 3} Lieutenant Bombrys was deposed on August 20, 2014. During this
deposition, Lieutenant Bombrys testified that he was in the process of going to assist the
other officer at the time of the traffic incident. He also testified that he had discretion on
which calls he could respond to as he was leader of the Gang Unit. Lieutenant Bombrys
stated that he could have continued on his patrol had he decided to do so, even after
receiving the call from the other officer. He also stated that he did not alert anyone that
he was responding to the call of the fellow officer, and that there was no protocol for him
to do so.
2.
{¶ 4} Appellees filed a motion for summary judgment claiming Lieutenant
Bombrys was immune from suit. Appellants responded by claiming that issues of
material fact existed about whether Lieutenant Bombrys was on a “call of duty” at the
time of the incident. In response, appellees filed a reply and attached an affidavit in
support from Lieutenant Bombrys. The affidavit stated that Lieutenant Bombrys does not
usually “put much on the air” about his movements. Rather, he responds as needed to
various calls over the radio. Lieutenant Bombrys also clarified that if a more urgent call
had come over the radio, he could have responded rather than assist the other officer.
The affidavit indicated that Lieutenant Bombrys was trained to assist other officers who
were outnumbered by suspects and that he could have been disciplined had he not done
so. Finally, the affidavit stated Lieutenant Bombrys was “professionally obligated” to
assist the other officer. The trial court granted the motion for summary judgment,
determining that the affidavit clarified Lieutenant’s Bombrys’ previous deposition
testimony.
B. Assignments of Error
{¶ 5} Appellants set forth two assignments of error for our review:
Assignment of Error No. 1: The trial court erred by granting summary
judgment on the issue of a professional obligation to respond to the call of duty,
where appellee’s affidavit supporting summary judgment motion contradicted
same appellee’s prior deposition.
3.
Assignment of Error No. 2: The trial court erred by granting summary
judgment on the issue of sovereign immunity, where there existed genuine issues
of material fact regarding whether appellee was professionally obligated to
respond to a dispatch transmission.
II. Analysis
A. Standard of Review
{¶ 6} A motion for summary judgment is reviewed de novo by an appellate court.
Grafton v. Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio St. 3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241 (1996). “‘When
reviewing a trial court’s ruling on summary judgment the court of appeals conducts an
independent review of the record and stands in the shoes of the trial court.’” Gunsorek v.
Pingue, 135 Ohio App. 3d 695, 700, 735 N.E.2d 487 (10th Dist.1999), quoting Baker v.
Buschman Co., 127 Ohio App. 3d 561, 566, 713 N.E.2d 487 (12th Dist.1998).
{¶ 7} In order to obtain summary judgment at the trial level,
* * * it must be determined that (1) there is no genuine issue of
material fact; (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of
law; and (3) it appears from the evidence that reasonable minds can come to
but one conclusion when viewing the evidence in favor of the nonmoving
party, and that conclusion is adverse to the nonmoving party. State ex rel.
Cassels v. Dayton City School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 69 Ohio St. 3d 217, 219,
631 N.E.2d 150 (1994), citing Davis v. Loopco Industries, Inc., 66 Ohio
St.3d 64, 65-66, 609 N.E.2d 144 (1993); See also Civ.R. 56(C).
4.
{¶ 8} A trial court must grant the motion with caution and must be “careful to
resolve doubts and construe evidence in favor of the nonmoving party.” Welco
Industries, Inc. v. Applied Cos., 67 Ohio St. 3d 344, 346, 671 N.E.2d 1129 (1993), citing
Murphy v. City of Reynoldsburg, 65 Ohio St. 3d 356, 359, 604 N.E.2d 138 (1992).
{¶ 9} When making a motion for summary judgment, a moving party “must
specifically delineate the basis upon which summary judgment is sought.” Mitseff v.
Wheeler, 38 Ohio St. 3d 112, 526 N.E.2d 798 (1988), syllabus. The moving party must
also identify those parts of the record that demonstrate an absence of a genuine issue of
material fact. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St. 3d 280, 293, 662 N.E.2d 264 (1996). Should
this burden be met, the nonmoving party must respond with specific facts showing a
genuine issue of material fact exists. Id. A “material fact” is one which would affect the
outcome of the suit. Russell v. Interim Personnel, Inc., 135 Ohio App. 3d 301, 304, 733
N.E.2d 1186 (6th Dist.1999), citing Needham v. Provident Bank, 110 Ohio App. 3d 817,
827, 675 N.E.2d 514 (8th Dist.1996).
B. Use of Contradictory Affidavit
{¶ 10} Appellants first contend that the trial court erred when the court took into
consideration Lieutenant Bombrys’s affidavit attached to appellees’ reply. Appellant
argues that the affidavit and the officer’s previous deposition testimony are in conflict
with each other. We agree.
{¶ 11} A moving party’s contradictory affidavit cannot be used to obtain a
summary judgment. Bryd v. Smith, 110 Ohio St. 3d 24, 850 N.E.2d 47, 2006-Ohio-3455,
5.
¶ 22, citing Turner v. Turner, 67 Ohio St. 3d 337, 617 N.E.2d 1123, (1993) paragraph one
of syllabus. A court must first determine whether the affidavit is merely supplementing
the information in the deposition testimony or is contradictory to the previous testimony.
Id. at ¶26. If the affidavit is inconsistent without explanation, the contradictory
information cannot be considered when determining whether to grant the motion for
summary judgment. Id. If the information in the affidavit is merely supplementary, the
affidavit can be considered by the court when determining whether to grant summary
judgment to a moving party. Id.
{¶ 12} We find that the affidavit is contradictory to the officer’s previous
testimony. In his deposition, Lieutenant Bombrys clearly states that he has discretion on
whether to respond to a call from another officer with two suspects pulled over. He also
testified that he could have continued on his patrol without assisting the other officer.
This directly contradicts the affidavit appellee attached in its reply. The affidavit states
that it is the policy of the police department to have available officers assist a “single
officer who has two or more suspects.” The affidavit continues, stating that Lieutenant
Bombrys could have faced discipline for not attempting to assist the other officer. His
deposition testimony shows that he had unilateral authority to decide whether to assist the
outnumbered officer, yet the affidavit attempts to show that he had no choice but to
respond. We find these statements to be contradictory. Therefore, the affidavit cannot be
used when determining whether summary judgment should be granted. Appellants’ first
assignment of error is well-taken.
6.
C. Emergency Call
{¶ 13} We find there are genuine issues of material fact as to whether Lieutenant
Bombrys was responding to an emergency call. A three-tiered analysis is required when
determining if a political subdivision or its employee is immune from liability. Greene
Cty. Agricultural Soc. v. Liming, 89 Ohio St. 3d 551, 556-557, 733 N.E.2d 1141 (2000).
As a general rule, a city is immune from liability incurred in performing either a
governmental function or proprietary function. Id. See also R.C. 2744.02 (A)(1).
However, a city can be liable for the negligent operation of a motor vehicle by one of the
city’s employees. R.C. 2744.02 (B)(1). That is, unless the employee is a police officer
who is responding to an “emergency call,” and whose “operation of the vehicle did not
constitute willful or wanton misconduct.” R.C. 2744.02(B)(1)(a).
{¶ 14} An emergency call is defined as “a call to duty, including, but not limited
to, communications from citizens, police dispatches, and personal observations by peace
officers of inherently dangerous situations that demand an immediate response on the part
of a peace officer.” R.C. 2744.01(A). The Ohio Supreme Court has gone on to define a
call to duty to include “a situation to which a response by a peace officer is required by
the officer’s professional obligation.” Colbert v. Cleveland, 99 Ohio St. 3d 215, 790
N.E.2d 781, 2003-Ohio-3319, ¶ 13. Determining whether an officer is on an emergency
call is generally a question of fact to be determined by the jury. Hewitt v. Columbus, 10th
Dist. Franklin No. 08AP-1087, 2009-Ohio-4486, ¶ 10. This does not preclude the claim
7.
from being reviewed on a motion for summary judgment as the question under such a
motion is whether an absence of material fact has been shown to exist. Wagner v.
Heavlin, 136 Ohio App. 3d 719, 727, 737 N.E.2d 989 (7th Dist.2000).
{¶ 15} Lieutenant Bombrys did not activate his siren or lights, or let police
dispatch know he was attempting to assist another officer. Rather, he unilaterally decided
to assist the other officer. None of these factors are required to trigger the political
subdivision immunity appellee is seeking. However, when these facts are viewed in a
light most favorable to appellant, reasonable minds could come to different conclusions
about whether Lieutenant Bombrys was professionally obligated to assist the other officer
or if he was on his way to assist the other officer. The failure to activate his siren or
lights does not immediately preclude appellees from receiving the immunity they are
seeking, but it does support the inference, when viewed in a light most favorable to
appellant, that Lieutenant Bombrys was not responding to an emergency call. The same
inference can be drawn from Lieutenant Bombrys’s failure to tell anyone he was going to
assist another officer. Lieutenant Bombrys merely relies on his own self-serving affidavit
to prove his professional obligation. His contradictory statements in his affidavit create
issues of material fact which can only be determined by the trier of fact. We therefore
find appellants’ second assignment of error well-taken.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 16} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Lucas County Court of
Common Pleas is reversed. The matter is remanded to the trial court for further
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proceedings consistent with this decision. Appellee is ordered to pay the costs of this
appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment reversed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27.
See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________
JUDGE
Stephen A. Yarbrough, P.J.
_______________________________
James D. Jensen, J. JUDGE
CONCUR.
_______________________________
JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of
Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported
version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at:
http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/rod/newpdf/?source=6.
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