State v. Pleatman

[Cite as State v. Pleatman, 2016-Ohio-7659.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-160234
TRIAL NO. C-15CRB-3915
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
O P I N I O N.
vs. :
JACQUELINE PLEATMAN, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: November 9, 2016
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Sean M. Donovan,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Paul Croushore, for Defendant-Appellant.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
D E W INE , Judge.
{¶1} This is an appeal of a conviction for telecommunications harassment.
Jacqueline Pleatman wanted to back out of a real estate deal. When the seller refused to
cancel the contract, Ms. Pleatman set about making his life miserable by sending him
multiple vitriolic emails and engaging in other harassing behavior. Her conviction
resulted from one of the emails.
{¶2} Ms. Pleatman now challenges evidentiary decisions made by the trial
court, contends her conviction was based on insufficient evidence and was against the
weight of the evidence and argues that the telecommunications-harassment statute, as
applied to her, is unconstitutional. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
I. Background
{¶3} In 2013, Ms. Pleatman and her husband contracted with Grant Troja to
buy his house in the Village of Indian Hill. Soon thereafter, the Pleatmans learned that a
convicted felon was being released from prison and would live next door to them. The
Pleatmans sought to back out of the contract, but Mr. Troja insisted they go through
with the deal.
{¶4} In an attempt to cancel the sale, Ms. Pleatman sent to Troja what he
estimated as “close to a dozen” emails. At some point, Ms. Pleatman also put flyers in
mailboxes in Troja’s neighborhood recounting her version of the dealings with Troja and
his real estate agents. In the flyer, Ms. Pleatman claimed that her family was being
harassed and sued by Troja, the real estate agency and a mortgage company. As a result
of the emails and the flyer, Mr. Troja went to the Indian Hill Rangers on November 15,
2013, seeking their help in stopping Pleatman from emailing him. Captain Michael
Dressel spoke with Pleatman’s attorney and asked him to tell her to quit contacting
Troja. Mr. Troja eventually filed a civil complaint against the Pleatmans seeking specific
performance of the real estate contract and damages.
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{¶5} Notwithstanding Captain Dressel’s conversation with her attorney, Ms.
Pleatman sent an email on December 15, 2014, to Troja, her attorney, and Troja’s real
estate agent. In the email, Ms. Pleatman discussed the ongoing dispute between the
parties. It read in part:
You are a real SOB and it has nothing to do with us. Has it ever occurred
to you that you have created a nightmare by suing us? Do you care that
you have caused dozens of people pain, stress, money and time? * * * I
don’t think you care but I wanted you to know that I think you are a
despicable specimen of mankind.
Ms. Pleatman went on to suggest involving Arby’s corporation. Mr. Troja was the
president of a group that managed 65 Arby’s franchises.
I wonder what the executives at Arbys corporation think of you now.
From what I have been told they see you as a loose cannon and a liability
who does not represent the Arbys “family friendly reputation.” They may
be right.
The email also indicated that Pleatman knew that Troja had gone to the Indian Hill
Rangers in an attempt to stop her from contacting him:
I expect that you will immediately contact your attorney after reading this
email and that as usual you will threaten to call the Rangers on me
because you don’t want to hear the truth and you don’t want to assume
one ounce of liability upon yourself. Boo Hoo. Grow up and get some
balls because you can either end this mess or I will take you down in every
legal way possible. This is not a threat, it is a fact.
{¶6} A month later, Mr. Troja received from Arby’s corporate office a “press
release” that Pleatman had sent to the company. The press release, captioned “Arby’s
brand compromised by a scandal involving a high level Arby’s executive,” recounted
Pleatman’s version of Troja’s lawsuit. In the press release, Ms. Pleatman suggested
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
“Arby’s wholesome reputation may be irreversibly compromised as a direct result of the
unethical and immoral actions of Arby’s executive Grant Troja.”
{¶7} After being told about the press release, Mr. Troja filed a criminal
complaint with the Indian Hill Rangers. Ms. Pleatman was charged with violating code
section R.C. 2917.21(B)(1), which makes it a crime to “make * * * a telecommunication *
* * with purpose to abuse, threaten, or harass another person.” The case was tried to a
jury, which found Pleatman guilty. The trial court sentenced her accordingly.
II. Details about the Civil Lawsuit were Irrelevant to the Criminal Trial
{¶8} In her first assignment of error, Ms. Pleatman claims that the trial court
erred when it did not allow in evidence of the underlying real estate dispute between the
Pleatmans and Troja. She argues that she was denied her Sixth Amendment right to
confront Troja when the court did not permit her defense counsel to ask questions about
the civil lawsuit that was pending between the parties.
{¶9} The Sixth Amendment guarantees a defendant’s right “to be confronted
with the witnesses against him.” The right doesn’t guarantee, however, a defendant’s
right to cross-examine witnesses about evidence irrelevant to the charged offense. See
State v. Leslie, 14 Ohio App. 3d 343, 346, 471 N.E.2d 503 (2d Dist.1984). We review a
trial court’s decision not to admit evidence under an abuse-of-discretion standard. See
State v. Lang, 129 Ohio St. 3d 512, 2011-Ohio-4215, 954 N.E.2d 596, ¶ 86.
{¶10} Here, the court explained to defense counsel and the prosecutor how far
they could inquire into the underlying dispute: “The details about legal positions and
what’s going back and forth and the—the details about whether there was a contract [to
buy the house] and whether there wasn’t, that has absolutely no bearing on whether or
not her purpose in sending these communications were established [sic] by a statute.”
Consistent with the court’s explanation, at issue in the trial was whether Pleatman
intended to abuse, threaten or harass Troja. The trial court did not abuse its discretion
when it excluded evidence about the civil lawsuit, which was irrelevant to the issue of
Pleatman’s intent in sending the emails. The first assignment of error is overruled.
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III. Evidence that Pleatman Intended to Abuse, Threaten or Harass
{¶11} Ms. Pleatman maintains in her second assignment of error that her
conviction was based on insufficient evidence and against the weight of the evidence
because there was no evidence that she intended to “abuse, threaten or harass” Troja
with the email that she sent him.
{¶12} Ms. Pleatman was convicted under R.C. 2917.21(B)(1), which makes it a
crime to “make or cause to be made a telecommunication, or permit a
telecommunication to be made from a telecommunications device under the person’s
control, with purpose to abuse, threaten, or harass another person.” “[F]or conduct to
rise to the level of criminal harassment under this section of the statute, the accused
must have intended to alarm or to cause substantial emotional distress to the recipient,
not just to annoy [him].” State v. Ellison, 178 Ohio App. 3d 734, 2008-Ohio-5282, 900
N.E.2d 228, ¶ 14.
{¶13} In Ellison, this court considered whether a post on the defendant’s
public MySpace account that stated a person was a child molester amounted to the
“harassment” of the person. We concluded that no rational trier of fact could have been
convinced that the defendant had the intent to harass the other person because she had
a legitimate reason for posting the message, that is, to warn others about someone
whom she believed was a child molester. Id. at ¶ 16. Ms. Pleatman argues that she also
had a legitimate purpose in sending the December 15, 2014 email—to attempt to settle
the civil lawsuit filed by Troja. We are not convinced. Far from attempting to arrive at a
settlement of the suit, Pleatman’s email—particularly, in light of the flyers she
distributed and messages she sent Troja—seemed aimed at exacerbating the situation.
The email also included an implied threat to harm Troja’s relationship with Arby’s. That
Ms. Pleatman intended the threat is underscored by the “press release” she later sent to
Arby’s airing her grievances against Troja.
{¶14} We conclude that the state adduced substantial, credible evidence from
which the jury could reasonably have concluded that the state had proved beyond a
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
reasonable doubt the elements of telecommunications harassment. See State v.
Jenks, 61 Ohio St. 3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus. In
regard to the manifest-weight argument, our review of the entire record fails to
persuade us that the jury clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage
of justice that we must reverse Pleatman’s conviction and order a new trial. See State
v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St. 3d 380, 386-387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). The second
assignment of error is overruled.
IV. The Constitutional Argument is Waived
{¶15} In the final assignment of error, Ms. Pleatman argues that R.C.
2917.21(B)(1) violates her First Amendment rights. Before considering the merits of
Pleatman’s argument, however, we must determine whether she preserved the issue for
our review.
{¶16} “[A]n appellate court will not consider any error which counsel for a
party complaining of the trial court's judgment could have called but did not call to the
trial court's attention at a time when such error could have been avoided or corrected by
the trial court.” State v. Awan, 22 Ohio St. 3d 120, 122, 489 N.E.2d 277 (1986), quoting
State v. Childs, 14 Ohio St. 2d 56, 236 N.E.2d 545 (1968), paragraph three of the
syllabus. The general rule applies likewise to constitutional claims. Awan at 122. Thus,
“[f]ailure to raise at the trial court level the issue of the constitutionality of a statute or its
application, which issue is apparent at the time of trial, constitutes a waiver of such issue
and a deviation from this state's orderly procedure, and therefore need not be heard for
the first time on appeal.” Awan at syllabus.
{¶17} Ms. Pleatman maintains that she did raise the issue during the trial and
points to defense counsel’s Crim.R. 29 argument:
There is no such basis for saying you can’t communicate with somebody.
She has an absolute First Amendment right to communicate with him,
your Honor. There has to be a prohibition, a legal prohibition on her
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
communicating with him in order for there to be an offense. And there is
no such thing.
{¶18} Although counsel did mention the First Amendment, nowhere did he
suggest that the statute is unconstitutional as applied to Pleatman. We conclude that the
comments did not act to preserve the issue for appeal.
{¶19} Of course, “[w]e may, in our discretion, review the issue of the
statute's constitutionality for plain error. But we enforce the waiver doctrine unless there
is ‘some extraordinary reason to disregard it.’ ” (Internal citation omitted.) State v.
Flannery, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-140426, 2015-Ohio-1360, ¶ 7, quoting Zawahiri v.
Alwattar, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 07AP-925, 2008-Ohio-3473, ¶ 14. Here, we find no
extraordinary reason to disregard the waiver doctrine. The third assignment of error is
overruled.
{¶20} We therefore affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Judgment affirmed.
F ISCHER , P.J., and M OCK , J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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