State v. Fox

[Cite as State v. Fox, 2014-Ohio-1652.]
COURT OF APPEALS
LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs-
Case No. 13-CA-71
TERRY FOX
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Licking County Court of
Common Pleas Court, Case No.
13 CR 00018
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: April 16, 2014
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
KENNETH W. OSWALT STEPHEN T. WOLFE
Licking County Prosecutor Christopher M. Cooper Co., LPA
3055 Cleveland Ave.
By: CHRISTOPHER A. REAMER Columbus, Ohio 43224
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
20 S. Second Street, Fourth Floor
Newark, Ohio 43055
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 2
Hoffman, P.J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Terry Fox appeals his conviction and sentence
entered by the Licking County Court of Common Pleas, on one count of gross sexual
imposition and one count of intimidation of witness in criminal case. Plaintiff-appellee is
the state of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS
{¶2} On January 11, 2013, The Licking County Grand Jury indicted Appellant
on one count of gross sexual imposition, in violation of R.C. 2907,05(A)(4), a felony of
the third degree; and one count of intimidation of witness in criminal case, in violation of
R.C. 2921.04(B)(2), a felony of the third degree. Appellant entered a plea of not guilty
to the Indictment. The matter proceeded to jury trial on June 11-12, 2013.
{¶3} The following evidence was adduced at trial.
{¶4} Chasity Miller is the mother of A.M., the victim. Miller explained her
daughter is ten years old and is “mentally retarded.” A.M. has difficulty verbally
communicating and is in a multi-handicapped classroom in school. Miller testified her
mother, Kay Spires, lives nearby. Miller added Appellant and Spires have been in a
relationship for nine years and Appellant lived with Spires.
{¶5} One Sunday in December, 2012, Miller, her husband, and four children
went to Spires’ home to have dinner and watch football. Appellant and A.M. were alone
in a bedroom on two or three occasions during the afternoon.
{¶6} While on the telephone with Spires on or about New Year’s Day, 2013,
Miller heard Appellant in the background remarking A.M. “wanted it” and A.M. loves him.
Miller also heard Appellant tell Spires A.M. had grabbed his hand and put it between her
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 3
(A.M.’s) legs. After the telephone call ended, Miller took A.M. into the bathroom and
asked her if anyone had ever touched her. Miller described A.M.’s reaction to the
question as sad, scared, and confused. Miller asked A.M. a second time if anyone had
ever touched her. A.M. responded, “Yes”, stated Appellant had touched her, and
pointed to her vaginal area. Miller subsequently contacted the police.
{¶7} Kay Spires testified Appellant had lived with her for three or four years.
Spires indicated Miller’s children, including A.M., thought of Appellant as their
grandfather. Spires recalled she telephoned Miller to wish her "Happy New Year."
While she was on the phone, Appellant told her A.M. had grabbed his hand and placed
it between her (A.M.’s) legs, and A.M. wanted it. Spires admitted she still loves
Appellant. After reviewing the statement she made to police on January 2, 2013, Spires
acknowledged she told police Appellant had threatened to kill her if she opened her
mouth, but added she was drunk and would have said anything. Spires acknowledged
she told police Appellant had told her he had rubbed A.M.’s vagina, but insisted
Appellant never made such an admission to her.
{¶8} Catherine R. Wohlford, a certified nurse practitioner, testified she
specializes in pediatrics, and diagnoses sexual abuse. Wohlford recalled in early
January, 2013, she examined A.M. Wohlford indicated A.M. was able to properly
identify her body parts. A.M. told Wohlford Appellant had touched her on her bad area.
Using a nude anatomical drawing of a prepubescent female, A.M. identified her bad
area as the vaginal area.
{¶9} Detective Clint Eskins of the Newark Police was assigned to investigate
the case. Appellant told Det. Eskins A.M. had grabbed his hand and placed it between
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 4
her legs in the crotch area. Det. Eskins stated Appellant became extremely nervous
when he realized that police were speaking with Spires outside of his presence.
{¶10} After hearing all the evidence and deliberating, the jury found Appellant
guilty of both counts of the Indictment. The trial court sentenced Appellant to an
aggregate term of imprisonment of six (6) years and classified him a Tier II sexual
offender.
{¶11} It is from this conviction and sentence Appellant appeals, raising the
following assignments of error:
{¶12} "I. THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED AT TRIAL WAS INSUFFICIENT TO
SUPPORT THE CONVICTIONS.
{¶13} "II. THE JURY'S VERDICTS WERE AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT
OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶14} "III. THE COURT ERRED WHEN IT PERMITTED THE INTRODUCTION
OF IMPERMISSIBLE HEARSAY EVIDENCE.
{¶15} "IV. THE APPELLANT WAS PREJUDICED BY INEFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL."
I, IV
{¶16} Because Appellant’s first and fourth assignments of error require similar
analysis, we shall address them together. In his first assignment of error, Appellant
contends his convictions were not supported by the sufficiency of the evidence. In his
fourth assignment of error, Appellant asserts trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
make a Crim. R. 29 motion for acquittal.
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 5
{¶17} “An appellate court's function when reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence to support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to
determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the
defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is whether, after
viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of
fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable
doubt.” State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St. 3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991) at paragraph two of
the syllabus.
{¶18} In reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence to support a verdict by
the trier of fact, it is the mind of the trier of fact, rather than the reviewing court, that
must be convinced. State v. Thomas, 70 Ohio St. 2d 79, 434 N.E.2d 1356 (1982). In
applying this standard of review, the question of credibility of conflicting testimony and
the weight to be accorded certain evidence are matters left primarily to the trier of fact.
State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio St. 2d 230, 227 N.E.2d 212 (1967).
{¶19} A reviewing court should not disturb the decision below unless it finds that
reasonable minds could not reach the conclusion reached by the trier of fact. Jenks,
supra, 61 Ohio St.3d at 273.
{¶20} An appellate court reviews a trial court's denial of a Crim.R. 29 motion for
acquittal using the same standard used for reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence
claim. State v. Barron, 5th Dist. Perry No. 05 CA 4, 2005–Ohio–6108, ¶ 38.
{¶21} To succeed on a claim of ineffectiveness, a defendant must satisfy a two-
prong test. Initially, a defendant must show that trial counsel acted incompetently. See,
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052 (1984). In assessing such
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 6
claims, “a court must indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within
the wide range of reasonable professional assistance; that is, the defendant must
overcome the presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged action ‘might
be considered sound trial strategy'." Id. at 689, citing Michel v. Louisiana, 350 U.S. 91,
101, 76 S. Ct. 158 (1955). “There are countless ways to provide effective assistance in
any given case. Even the best criminal defense attorneys would not defend a particular
client in the same way.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689. The question is whether counsel
acted “outside the wide range of professionally competent assistance.” Id. at 690.
{¶22} Even if a defendant shows that counsel was incompetent, the defendant
must then satisfy the second prong of the Strickland test. Under this “actual prejudice”
prong, the defendant must show that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for
counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.”
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.
{¶23} Appellant was convicted of gross sexual imposition, in violation of R.C.
2907.05, which reads:
(A) No person shall have sexual contact with another, not the
spouse of the offender; cause another, not the spouse of the offender, to
have sexual contact with the offender; or cause two or more other
persons to have sexual contact when any of the following applies:
***
(4) The other person, or one of the other persons, is less than
thirteen years of age, whether or not the offender knows the age of that
person.
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 7
***
(B) No person shall knowingly touch the genitalia of another, when
the touching is not through clothing, the other person is less than twelve
years of age, whether or not the offender knows the age of that person,
and the touching is done with an intent to abuse, humiliate, harass,
degrade, or arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person.”
{¶24} R.C. 2907.01(B) defines “sexual contact” as follows:
(B) “Sexual contact” means any touching of an erogenous zone of
another, including without limitation the thigh, genitals, buttock, pubic
region, or, if the person is a female, a breast, for the purpose of sexually
arousing or gratifying either person.
{¶25} Appellant argues the State failed to prove he purposefully engaged in
sexual contact with A.M. Specifically, Appellant claims he did not act purposefully as
A.M. initiated the contact by placing his hand in her lap, and the direct evidence did not
establish the touching was done for sexual gratification. Appellant maintains the only
evidence of touching was that of his hand on A.M.’s lap as the result of A.M. placing it
there. We disagree.
{¶26} A.M. told Wohlford, the nurse practitioner, someone touched her bad area,
and, on an anatomical drawing, indicated her bad area was her vaginal area. A.M.
indentified Appellant as the individual who touched her. Further, although she tried to
discredit it at trial, in her statement to police, Spires indicated Appellant admitted he had
rubbed around A.M.’s vagina. Additionally, when speaking with Spires on the
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 8
telephone, Miller heard Appellant yelling A.M. “wanted it”. A.M. was ten years old at the
time and she has developmental disabilities.
{¶27} “While the purpose of sexual arousal or gratification is an essential
element of the offense of gross sexual imposition, there is no requirement that there be
direct testimony regarding sexual arousal or gratification. * * * In determining the
defendant's purpose, the trier of fact may infer what the defendant's motivation was in
making the physical contact with the victim. State v. Smith, 5th Dist. App. No.
2008CA00097, 1009-Ohio-1759 at para. 45. (Citations omitted.)
{¶28} After reviewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution,
we find any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of gross sexual
imposition proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Accordingly, we overrule Appellant’s
first assignment of error as it relates to the GSI conviction. Because there was
sufficient evidence to support the gross sexual imposition conviction, Appellant cannot
demonstrate any prejudice from trial counsel's failure to raise a Crim.R. 29 motion for
acquittal; therefore, cannot demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel. We overrule
Appellant’s fourth assignment of error as it relates to the GSI conviction.
{¶29} Within his first and fourth assignments of error, Appellant also challenges
the sufficiency of the evidence with respect to his conviction for intimidation as well as
the effectiveness of trial counsel for not making a Crim. R. 29 motion for acquittal of the
charge.
{¶30} R.C. 2921.04(B)(2) provides:
(B) No person, knowingly and by force or by unlawful threat of harm
to any person or property or by unlawful threat to commit any offense or
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 9
calumny against any person, shall attempt to influence, intimidate, or
hinder any of the following persons: * * *
(2) A witness to a criminal or delinquent act by reason of the person
being a witness to that act.
{¶31} Appellant maintains he could not be convicted of intimidation of a witness
because Spires was not a witness to the alleged offense as she did not see what
occurred between himself and A.M. Appellant's assertion has no merit.
{¶32} As used in R.C. 2921.04(E), the term “witness” means “any person who
has or claims to have knowledge concerning a fact or facts concerning a criminal or
delinquent act, whether or not criminal or delinquent child charges are actually filed.”
Appellant further submits because Spires was intoxicated when she gave her statement
to police and she was the sole witness to the alleged intimidation, there was insufficient
evidence to support the conviction. Spires' alleged intoxication goes to her credibility,
not her competency to be a witness. Spires clearly was a witness with respect to
Appellant's statements regarding his contact with A.M.
{¶33} After reviewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution,
we find any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of intimidation
proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Accordingly, we overrule Appellant’s first
assignment of error as it relates to the intimidation conviction. Because there was
sufficient evidence to support the intimidation conviction, Appellant cannot demonstrate
any prejudice from trial counsel's failure to raise a Crim.R. 29 motion for acquittal;
therefore, cannot demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel. We overrule
Appellant’s fourth assignment of error as it relates to the intimidation conviction.
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 10
{¶34} Appellant’s first and fourth assignments of error are overruled.
II
{¶35} In his second assignment of error, Appellant challenges his convictions as
being against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶36} On review for manifest weight, a reviewing court is to examine the entire
record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of the
witnesses and determine whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact
clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the judgment
must be reversed. The discretionary power to grant a new hearing should be exercised
only in the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the
judgment.” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St. 3d 380, 387, 1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541.
Because the trier of fact is in a better position to observe the witnesses' demeanor and
weigh their credibility, the weight of the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses are
primarily for the trier of fact. State v. DeHass (1967), 10 Ohio St. 2d 230, 227 N.E.2d
212, syllabus 1.
{¶37} Appellant’s arguments in support of his position his convictions were
against the manifest weight of the evidence are the same as those raised in support of
his arguments his convictions were not based upon sufficient evidence as set forth in
Assignment of Error I.
{¶38} With respect to his conviction for gross sexual imposition, Appellant
contends such was against the manifest weight of the evidence as the evidence the
State presented did not establish he purposefully engaged in sexual conduct with A.M.
As discussed, supra, the evidence established A.M. told the nurse practitioner Appellant
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 11
had touched her bad area, which she (A.M.) indicated was her vaginal area. Further, in
her statement to police, Spires admitted Appellant divulged he had rubbed around
A.M.’s vagina. Additionally, when speaking with Spires on the telephone, Miller heard
Appellant yelling A.M. “wanted it”. A.M. was ten years old at the time and she has
developmental disabilities.
{¶39} With respect to his conviction for intimidation of a witness, Appellant
asserts such was against the manifest weight of the evidence because Spires was not a
witness to the alleged offense as she did not see what occurred, and Spires was not
believable because she was intoxicated when she gave her statement to police. Spires
told police that Appellant disclosed he had rubbed A.M.’s vagina. At trial, she tried to
backpedal from the statement. The jury, as the trier of fact, was free to accept or reject
any or all of the testimony of the witness. The jury obviously chose to believe the
statements Spires made to police following the incident.
{¶40} Upon review of the entire record, including the transcript, we find
Appellant’s convictions were not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶41} Appellant’s second assignment of error is overruled.
III
{¶42} In his third assignment of error, Appellant argues the trial court erred when
it permitted the introduction of inadmissible hearsay evidence. Specifically, Appellant
takes issue with the testimony of Chasity Miller regarding statements made by A.M.
after Miller learned of the incident which gave rise to the GSI charge.
{¶43} “Hearsay” is a statement, other than one made by the declarant while
testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 12
asserted. Evid.R. 801(C). Evid.R. 802 contains the general prohibition against the
admission of hearsay. However, exceptions to this general prohibition are enumerated
in Evid.R. 803.
{¶44} The State takes the position the statements were admissible hearsay
under the excited utterances exception. Excited utterance is defined in Evid.R. 803(2)
as, “A statement relating to a startling event or condition made while the declarant was
under the stress of excitement caused by the event or condition.”
{¶45} There was a considerable gap in time between the occurrence of the
sexual contact and A.M.'s revelation of the event upon her being questioned by Miller.
While A.M. was obviously under stress at the time of the revelation, it was not while she
was still under the stress or excitement from the original event. However, the possibility
of unreliability due to the passage of time is lessened in this case due to the fact the
victim is a ten-year old with mental retardation.
{¶46} Assuming, arguendo, the trial court erred in admitting these statements
under the “excited utterance” exception to the hearsay rule, we find any error is
harmless. We find Appellant was not prejudiced by the admission of the evidence as
there was ample testimony from the other witnesses to support the jury verdict.
{¶47} Appellant’s third assignment of error is overruled.
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 13
{¶48} The judgment of the Licking County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
By: Hoffman, P.J.
Farmer, J. and
Delaney, J. concur
Licking County, Case No. 13-CA-71 14