State v. Pepper

[Cite as State v. Pepper, 2014-Ohio-364.]
COURT OF APPEALS
ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. John W. Wise, P. J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-
Case No. 13 COA 019COLLEEN L. PEPPER
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Court of Common
Pleas, Case No. 09 CRI 064
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 3, 2014
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
RAMONA J. ROGERS JAMES H. BANKS
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY Post Office Box 40
PAUL T. LANGE Dublin, Ohio 43017
ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR
110 Cottage Street, Third Floor
Ashland, Ohio 44805
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 2
Wise, P. J.
{¶1}. Appellant Colleen L. Pepper appeals from the decision of the Court of
Common Pleas, Ashland County, which denied her motion to withdraw her 2010 guilty
plea and vacate her corresponding conviction and sentence for complicity in the illegal
use of a minor in nudity oriented material and for possession of cocaine. The relevant
facts leading to this appeal are as follows.
{¶2}. On February 19, 2009, law enforcement officers entered the residence of
appellant and Joseph F. Holson, Jr. on Township Road 1335 in Ashland, Ohio,
pursuant to a search warrant. Officers found cocaine, prescription drugs (not
prescribed to either appellant or Holson), and various items of drug paraphernalia.
Officers also found a number of homemade pornographic videos which had been
filmed in the house.
{¶3}. One of the videos depicts appellant and Holson viewing a seventeen-year-
old female, M.B., who is seen trying on lingerie and in various states of nudity. At
points in the video, close-up filming was conducted showing the victim’s anus, vagina,
and breasts. M.B. later provided a statement to investigating police officers indicating
that she was seventeen years old at the time of the video and was a junior in high
school.
{¶4}. In August 2009, with the assistance of retained counsel, appellant pled
guilty in the Ashland County Common Pleas Court to a bill of information containing
one count of complicity to illegal use of a minor in nudity-oriented material, a felony of
the fifth degree, and one count of possession of cocaine, also a felony of the fifth
degree.
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 3
{¶5}. On September 21, 2009, the trial court sentenced appellant to a total of six
months in prison. Appellant did not file an appeal of her convictions. Appellant was
released from prison in March 2010.
{¶6}. On January 31, 2013, over three years after she was sentenced, appellant
filed a “motion to withdraw guilty plea and vacate conviction and sentence.” On
February 8, 2013, the State filed a response to the motion.
{¶7}. On February 13, 2013, the trial court denied part of appellant's motion
without a hearing and scheduled the remaining portions for a hearing.1
{¶8}. In May 2013, the trial court conducted a hearing in regard to appellant's
decision to subpoena the Ashland County Prosecutor to testify regarding the motion to
withdraw guilty plea. Following this hearing, the trial court ordered the parties to file
additional legal memoranda. On May 28, 2013, the State filed a memorandum of law
and therein requested that the court deny the remaining claims in appellant’s motion to
withdraw guilty plea without conducting a hearing.
{¶9}. On June 10, 2013, the trial court overruled, in its entirety, appellant's
motion to withdraw guilty plea and vacate conviction and sentence.
{¶10}. Appellant presently raises the following three Assignments of Error:
{¶11}. "I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO HOLD AN
EVIDENTIARY HEARING ON APPELLANT'S MOTION TO WITHDRAW HER GUILTY
PLEAS AND VACATE HER CONVICTIONS DESPITE THE FACT THAT BOTH
1
The trial court judge assigned to the case at this point was not the judge for the 2010
plea and conviction. In April 2013, appellant filed an affidavit in the Ohio Supreme Court
requesting that the successor judge be disqualified from hearing the case. After the
Ohio Supreme Court denied disqualification, the case proceeded.
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 4
APPELLANT AND THE STATE REQUESTED HEARING AND THE TRIAL COURT
ACKNOWLEDGED THAT HEARING IS NECESSARY AND APPROPRIATE.
{¶12}. "II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN REFUSING TO GRANT
APPELLANT'S MOTION TO WITHDRAW HER GUILTY PLEA AND VACATE HER
CONVICTIONS PURSUANT TO R.C. SECTION 2953.21 AND FURTHER ERRED IN
FINDING THAT THE APPELLANT ASSERTED HER SAID MOTION BASED SOLELY
ON CRIMINAL RULE 32.1.
{¶13}. "III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING APPELLANT'S MOTION
TO SET ASIDE HER GUILTY PLEAS TO CORRECT MANIFEST INJUSTICE
PURSUANT TO CRIMINAL RULE 32.1 BASED UPON NEWLY DISCOVERED
EVIDENCE AND/OR INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL."
{¶14}. We will address appellant’s second assigned error first.
II.
{¶15}. In her Second Assignment of Error, appellant argues the trial court erred
in failing to treat her motion to withdraw guilty plea and vacate her conviction and
sentence as a petition for post-conviction relief, and in failing to grant same. We
disagree.
{¶16}. The Ohio Supreme Court has clearly held that post-conviction relief
pursuant to R.C. 2953.21 is a remedy independent of a motion to withdraw plea under
Crim.R. 32.1. See State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235, 773 N.E.2d 522, 2002-Ohio-3993,
syllabus. Thus, the specific statutory time limits pertaining to the filing of petitions for
post-conviction relief (“PCR”) do not control post-sentence Crim.R. 32.1 motions. State
v. Shiflett, Licking App.No. 09 CA 134, 2010-Ohio-3587, ¶ 24. Nonetheless, ineffective
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 5
assistance of counsel can form the basis for a claim of manifest injustice to support
withdrawal of a guilty plea pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1. See State v. Dalton, 153 Ohio
App.3d 286, 292, 2003-Ohio-3813, ¶18.
{¶17}. The aforesaid time requirements for PCR petitions are set forth in R.C.
2953.21(A)(2) as follows:
{¶18}. “Except as otherwise provided in section 2953.23 of the Revised Code, a
petition under division (A)(1) of this section shall be filed no later than one hundred
eighty days after the date on which the trial transcript is filed in the court of appeals in
the direct appeal of the judgment of conviction or adjudication or, if the direct appeal
involves a sentence of death, the date on which the trial transcript is filed in the
supreme court. If no appeal is taken, except as otherwise provided in section 2953.23
of the Revised Code, the petition shall be filed no later than one hundred eighty days
after the expiration of the time for filing the appeal.”
{¶19}. In turn, R.C. 2953.23(A) states as follows:
{¶20}. “Whether a hearing is or is not held on a petition filed pursuant to section
2953.21 of the Revised Code, a court may not entertain a petition filed after the
expiration of the period prescribed in division (A) of that section or a second petition or
successive petitions for similar relief on behalf of a petitioner unless division (A)(1) or
(2) of this section applies:
{¶21}. “(1) Both of the following apply:
{¶22}. “(a) Either the petitioner shows that the petitioner was unavoidably
prevented from discovery of the facts upon which the petitioner must rely to present the
claim for relief, or, subsequent to the period prescribed in division (A)(2) of section
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 6
2953.21 of the Revised Code or to the filing of an earlier petition, the United States
Supreme Court recognized a new federal or state right that applies retroactively to
persons in the petitioner's situation, and the petition asserts a claim based on that right.
{¶23}. “(b) The petitioner shows by clear and convincing evidence that, but for
constitutional error at trial, no reasonable factfinder would have found the petitioner
guilty of the offense of which the petitioner was convicted or, if the claim challenges a
sentence of death that, but for constitutional error at the sentencing hearing, no
reasonable factfinder would have found the petitioner eligible for the death sentence.
{¶24}. “(2) The petitioner was convicted of a felony, the petitioner is an offender
for whom DNA testing was performed under sections 2953.71 to 2953.81 of the
Revised Code or under former section 2953.82 of the Revised Code and analyzed in
the context of and upon consideration of all available admissible evidence related to
the inmate's case as described in division (D) of section 2953.74 of the Revised Code,
and the results of the DNA testing establish, by clear and convincing evidence, actual
innocence of that felony offense or, if the person was sentenced to death, establish, by
clear and convincing evidence, actual innocence of the aggravating circumstance or
circumstances the person was found guilty of committing and that is or are the basis of
that sentence of death.
{¶25}. “***”
{¶26}. In the case sub judice, the record clearly reveals that appellant’s motion to
withdraw plea and vacate conviction was filed more than three years after the court
issued its entry of sentence. Thus, appellant would have had to rely on R.C.
2953.23(A)(1) in order to maintain a PCR petition. However, appellant’s motion to
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 7
withdraw, while asserting ineffective assistance of trial counsel, makes no mention of
either R.C. 2953.21 or R.C. 2953.23. We note Crim.R. 47 states that a motion “shall
state with particularity the grounds upon which it is made and shall set forth the relief or
order sought.” While we note appellant’s post-hearing memorandum references the
post-conviction relief statutes, it is questionable that the “constitutional error at trial”
criterion of R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(b) can be met where the defendant seeking PCR relief
was convicted pursuant to a guilty plea, not as a result of a trial. See, e.g., State v.
Hamilton, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 03AP–852, 2004–Ohio–3556, ¶ 4; State v. Clark, 5th
Dist. Stark No. 2007 CA 00206, 2008–Ohio–194, ¶ 18.
{¶27}. We therefore hold the trial court did not err in declining to treat appellant’s
motion to withdraw guilty plea as a petition for post-conviction relief.
{¶28}. Appellant's Second Assignment of Error is overruled.
I., III.
{¶29}. In her First Assignment of Error, appellant contends the trial court erred in
declining to conduct an evidentiary hearing on her motion to withdraw her 2010 guilty
plea and vacate her conviction and sentence. In her Third Assignment of Error,
appellant argues the trial court erred in failing to grant said motion. We disagree on
both counts.
{¶30}. Crim.R. 32.1 states: “A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest
may be made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the
court after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant
to withdraw his or her plea.”
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 8
{¶31}. Our review of the trial court's decision under Crim.R. 32.1 is limited to a
determination of whether the trial court abused its discretion. State v. Caraballo (1985),
17 Ohio St.3d 66, 477 N.E.2d 627. In order to find an abuse of that discretion, we must
determine the trial court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable and
not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d
217, 450 N.E.2d 1140. “A motion made pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1 is addressed to the
sound discretion of the trial court, and the good faith, credibility and weight of the
movant's assertions in support of the motion are matters to be resolved by that court.”
State v. Smith (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 361 N.E.2d 1324, paragraph two of the
syllabus. A Crim.R. 32.1 motion is not a challenge to the validity of a conviction or
sentence, and instead only focuses on the plea. See Bush, supra, at ¶13.
{¶32}. A hearing on a post-sentence motion to vacate a prior plea is not required
unless the facts as alleged by the defendant, if accepted as true, would require the
plea to be withdrawn. See City of Uhrichsville v. Horne (Dec. 26, 1996), Tuscarawas
App. No. 96AP090059, 1996 WL 753208. Generally, a self-serving affidavit of the
movant is insufficient to demonstrate manifest injustice. See State v. Wilkey,
Muskingum App. No. CT2005-0050, 2006-Ohio-3276, ¶ 26.
Age of Victim
{¶33}. Appellant’s first basis for withdrawal of her guilty plea centers on the age
of M.B., the victim of the pornographic video which formed the basis of the charge of
complicity in the illegal use of a minor in nudity-oriented material. Attached to the
motion to withdraw plea is an affidavit appearing to be executed by M.B. on October
24, 2012, in which she avers that the filming at issue happened after her eighteenth
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 9
birthday, which took place in early 2008. Another affidavit, appearing to be executed by
J.S., the older sister of M.B., also contains an averment that M.B. was over the age of
eighteen when the video was made.
{¶34}. As noted in our statement of facts, M.B. originally notified law enforcement
that she was seventeen years old at the time of the filming. This is confirmed by the
date stamp on the video showing it was filmed on September 2, 2007, when the victim
was seventeen. Holson, appellant's co-defendant, at one point in the investigation
referred to M.B. as the "seventeen-year-old victim.” Finally, we note M.B. did not allege
in her affidavit that the State was mistaken as to her date of birth. The bill of
information, to which appellant pled, contains a range of the dates of offense that
remains consistent with M.B.’s date of birth and thus her age of seventeen at the time.
Ineffective Assistance of Trial Counsel
{¶35}. Appellant, via her own affidavit attached to the motion to withdraw her
plea, also presented numerous allegations of ineffective assistance of trial counsel
related to the entry of her plea. These included, inter alia, claims that her trial counsel:
(1) failed to review the search warrant affidavit, obtain discovery, and investigate the
age of the victim; (2) gave her erroneous information upon which she relied in pleading;
(3) assured her she would only receive community control; (4) failed to advise her
regarding property forfeiture; (5) failed to apprise her or inaccurately apprised her of
the ramifications of a sex offender classification; (6) failed to inform her of additional
restrictions stemming from her plea and conviction; (7) did not properly clarify the issue
of additional potential charges by the prosecutor; (8) failed to advise her of the
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 10
possibility of spending time in a halfway house; and (9) failed to advise her of her
appellate rights.
{¶36}. The record before us contradicts a number of appellant’s claims or, in the
alternative, shows the trial court at multiple points ensured that appellant was informed
of her rights. For example, appellant signed a waiver of rights and guilty plea form,
which sets forth that appellant would be placed on post release control for five years if
she was sentenced to prison, and the trial court duly advised appellant of post-release
control during the plea hearing. See Plea Hearing Tr. at 10-11. The trial court again
advised appellant concerning post release control at sentencing. See Sentencing
Transcript at 15-16. Likewise, appellant’s claim that she was not advised of her rights
regarding appeal is not supported by the record. See Sentencing Transcript at 17.
Appellant was also advised of her appeal rights in her signed guilty plea form.
Additional Claims
{¶37}. Appellant also continues to urge that the trial court judge “demonstrated
prejudice” against her. See Appellant’s Brief at 14-15. However, as this issue has been
redressed by the Ohio Supreme Court, we will not herein revive it.
{¶38}. Finally, appellant points out several claimed discrepancies or gaps in the
pre-sentence investigation report, essentially using the PSI (which was not finalized
until after the plea hearing) as a means of showing issues her trial counsel could have
raised by going to trial. We find none of these arguments persuasive under a “manifest
injustice” standard. We further find no merit in appellant’s speculative assertion that the
trial court did not properly review the PSI in addressing the motion to withdraw plea.
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 11
Conclusion
{¶39}. Under the “manifest injustice” standard, a post-sentence withdrawal
motion is allowable only in extraordinary cases. State v. Aleshire, Licking App.No. 09–
CA–132, 2010–Ohio–2566, ¶ 60, citing Smith, supra, at 264. The length of passage of
time between the entry of a plea and a defendant's filing of a Crim.R. 32.1 motion is a
valid factor in determining whether a manifest injustice has occurred. See State v.
Copeland–Jackson, Ashland App. No. 02COA018, 2003–Ohio–1043, ¶ 7. Furthermore,
“*** if a plea of guilty could be retracted with ease after sentence, the accused might be
encouraged to plead guilty to test the weight of potential punishment, and withdraw the
plea if the sentence were unexpectedly severe. * * *” State v. Peterseim (1980), 68
Ohio App.2d 211, 213, 428 N.E.2d 863, quoting Kadwell v. United States (C.A.9,
1963), 315 F.2d 667.
{¶40}. In its response brief, the State asserts that appellant entered a negotiated
plea to the two fifth-degree felonies, even though the nudity-oriented material charge
could have been brought as a second-degree felony. In the review of an attempt to
withdraw any such negotiated plea after the fact, we must weigh any imperfections in
the process against the possibility that the defendant is avoiding a much harsher result
by resolving the case. We also bear in mind that the trial court is under a duty pursuant
to Crim.R.11 to ensure that the plea comports with constitutional standards. See State
v. Stowers (Jan. 31, 1985), Cuyahoga App.No. 48572, citing State v. Billups (1979), 57
Ohio St.2d 31, 385 N.E.2d 1308.
{¶41}. Upon review of the entirety of appellant’s claims in support of her motion
to withdraw plea, we are unpersuaded the trial court in the case sub judice abused its
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019 12
discretion in declining to find a manifest injustice warranting the extraordinary step of
negating appellant's plea more than three years after the entry thereof, and we further
find the trial court did not err or abuse its discretion in denying appellant's motion to
withdraw plea without conducting an evidentiary hearing.
{¶42}. Appellant's First and Third Assignments of Error are therefore overruled.
{¶43}. For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the decision of the Court
of Common Pleas, Ashland County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.
By: Wise, P. J.
Delaney, J., and
Baldwin, J., concur.