State v. Arnold

[Cite as State v. Arnold, 2012-Ohio-5809.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF MEDINA )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 12CA0043-M
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
JOHN B. ARNOLD WADSWORTH MUNICIPAL COURT
COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO
Appellant CASE Nos. 11-TRC-05000-A
11-TRC-05000-B
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: December 10, 2012
MOORE, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant, John B. Arnold, appeals from the judgment of the Wadsworth
Municipal Court. This Court affirms.
I.
{¶2} In the early morning hours of October 12, 2011, Mr. Arnold was driving on
Seville Road in Wadsworth. Officer Dan Shunk, of the Wadsworth Police Department, was also
traveling on Seville Road, approaching Mr. Arnold’s car from behind. Officer Shunk observed
Mr. Arnold’s car traveling toward the left of his lane and drive upon the center lane markings.
Officer Shunk initiated a traffic stop on Mr. Arnold. After ascertaining Mr. Arnold’s identity, he
discovered that Mr. Arnold’s driver’s license had been suspended. Further, based upon Mr.
Arnold’s driving and Officer Shunk’s ensuing discussion with, and observations of, Mr. Arnold,
the officer requested that Mr. Arnold perform sobriety tests. Mr. Arnold refused. Ultimately, the
officer placed Mr. Arnold under arrest. Once they arrived at the police station, the officer
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requested Mr. Arnold to perform a breathalyzer test, and he read to Mr. Arnold from a BMV
form pertaining in part to the effect of refusing the breathalyzer test. Officer Shunk read this
form three times to Mr. Arnold, who each time maintained that he did not understand what the
form meant. Officer Shunk ultimately cited Mr. Arnold with weaving in violation of the
Wadsworth Code of Ordinances (“Loc.Ord.”) 73.08, failure to reinstate a license in violation of
R.C. 4510.21(A), refusal of chemical test in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(2), and OVI in
violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a). Mr. Arnold entered not guilty pleas to all of the charges.
{¶3} Prior to trial, Mr. Arnold changed his plea to no contest on the charge of failure to
reinstate his license, and he was found guilty on that count by the trial court. The case proceeded
to jury trial on the refusal of a chemical test and OVI charges, and the jury returned guilty
verdicts on these counts. The trial court decided the weaving charge, finding Mr. Arnold not
guilty. The trial court sentenced Mr. Arnold to a total of ninety days of incarceration, together
with a fine and costs.
{¶4} Mr. Arnold timely appealed from the sentencing entry and presents one
assignment of error for our review.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
[MR. ARNOLD] RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
WHEN TRIAL COUNSEL FAILED TO MOVE TO SUPPRESS EVIDENCE
THAT CLEARLY WOULD HAVE BEEN SUPPRESSED HAD TRIAL
COUNSEL REQUESTED A SUPPRESSION HEARING.
{¶5} In his sole assignment of error, Mr. Arnold argues that his trial counsel was
ineffective for failing to move to suppress the evidence. We disagree.
{¶6} We must analyze claims of ineffective assistance of counsel under a standard of
objective reasonableness. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688 (1984); State v.
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Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 142 (1989). Under this standard, a defendant must show (1)
deficiency in the performance of counsel “so serious that counsel was not functioning as the
‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment,” and (2) that the errors made by
counsel were “so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial[.]” Strickland at 687. A
defendant must demonstrate prejudice by showing that, but for counsel's errors, there is a
reasonable possibility that the outcome of the trial would have been different. Id. at 694. In
applying this test, “a court must indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within
the wide range of reasonable professional assistance[.]” Id. at 689. This Court need not address
both the deficiency and the prejudice prongs of Strickland if an appellant fails to prove either
one. State v. Ray, 9th Dist. No. 22459, 2005-Ohio-4941, ¶ 10.
{¶7} Here, Mr. Arnold contends that his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to file a
motion to suppress evidence on the basis that the initial stop of his vehicle was not justified. Mr.
Arnold claims he was prejudiced by this failure because he contends that the evidence obtained
as a result of the stop would have been excluded by the trial court had the motion been filed.
{¶8} The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section
14, of the Ohio Constitution prohibit law enforcement from conducting unreasonable and
warrantless searches and seizures. Courts are required to exclude evidence obtained by means of
searches and seizures that are found to violate the Fourth Amendment. Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S.
643, 657 (1961).
{¶9} A police-initiated stop of an automobile is a seizure under the Fourth Amendment
and falls within the purview of Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968). See Delaware v. Prouse, 440
U.S. 648, 653, 663 (1979). To justify a traffic stop under the Fourth Amendment, officers must
possess a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. See Terry, 392 U.S. at 21.
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{¶10} Here, the officer stopped Mr. Arnold based upon his alleged violation of Loc.Ord.
73.08, which prohibits driving in a weaving course:
(A) No person shall operate a motor vehicle upon any street or highway in a
weaving or zigzag course unless such irregular course is necessary for safe
operation or to be [in] compliance with law.
(B) Whoever violates this section is guilty of operating a motor vehicle in a
weaving course, a minor misdemeanor.
{¶11} At trial, Officer Shunk testified that, on the date at issue, he observed Mr.
Arnold’s car travel “left in its lane and its driver’s side tires traveled on the double yellow line.”
Based upon these observations, the officer initiated the traffic stop. The State produced video
recorded from Officer Shunk’s dashboard camera that contains footage of the officer following
and stopping Mr. Arnold.
{¶12} When deciding whether Mr. Arnold was guilty of the weaving offense, the trial
judge referenced the video, and it determined that it could not see Mr. Arnold travelling in a
“zig-zagging course.” Further, based upon the officer’s testimony, which referenced the
weaving offense only insomuch as to state that Mr. Arnold’s car traveled left in the lane and
upon the center lane markings, the trial court determined that this did not prove beyond a
reasonable doubt that Mr. Arnold drove in a “zig-zagging course.” In making this determination,
the trial court stated:
So I’m going to find -- now, so there’s no question, that is reasonable or particular
suspicion to stop a vehicle. Don’t get me wrong, that is. But I don’t find it’s
beyond a reasonable doubt a weaving course, so I’m going to find him not guilty
of a weaving course.
{¶13} Mr. Arnold argues that, because the trial court found him not guilty on the
weaving charge, had trial counsel moved to suppress evidence on the basis that the stop was not
justified, the motion would have been successful, and the resulting evidence excluded. However,
as noted by the trial court, the not guilty verdict on the weaving charge indicates that the State
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did not prove the violation beyond a reasonable doubt at trial. It does not, however, establish
that the officer lacked a reasonable suspicion at the time of the stop that Mr. Arnold was
committing a traffic offense. See State v. Fejes, 9th Dist. No. 96CA0088, 1997 WL 600681, *1
(Sept. 17, 1997), quoting State v. Trbovich, 9th Dist. No. 17613, 1996 WL 364816, *2 (July 3,
1996) (“A reasonable suspicion is something less than probable cause”), and State v. Yeagley,
9th Dist. No. 96CA0022, 1996 WL 490259, *1 (Aug. 28, 1996) (“Probable cause is proof less
than that beyond a reasonable doubt or by a preponderance of the evidence; it is only the
probability, and not a prima facie showing, of criminal activity * * *.” (Citations and quotation
omitted.)); see also State v. Ragle, 9th Dist. No. 25706, 2012-Ohio-4253, ¶ 26 (“The amount of
evidence necessary for probable cause to suspect a crime is being committed is less evidence
than would be necessary to support a conviction of that crime at trial.” (Quotations omitted.)).
Mr. Arnold’s argument is premised upon the assertion that had a suppression hearing taken
place, the trial court would have determined that there was no reasonable articulable suspicion to
initiate the stop. However, given the trial court’s specific statement otherwise, Mr. Arnold’s
argument lacks merit.
{¶14} Accordingly, Mr. Arnold has failed to demonstrate that the outcome of the trial
would have been different but for the alleged deficient performance of trial counsel. Therefore,
his sole assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶15} Mr. Arnold’s assignment of error is overruled, and the judgment of the
Wadsworth Municipal Court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
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There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Wadsworth
Municipal Court, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A
certified copy of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
CARLA MOORE
FOR THE COURT
BELFANCE, J.
CONCURS.
DICKINSON, J.
CONCURRING IN JUDGMENT ONLY.
{¶61} Inasmuch as Mr. Arnold’s lawyer did not file a motion to suppress, we do not
know in this direct appeal from his conviction what evidence the State would have presented at a
hearing on a motion to suppress. Accordingly, it is impossible for Mr. Arnold to satisfy the
second prong of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, and his assignment of error is
correctly overruled. State v. Davis, 9th Dist. No. 25680, 2012-Ohio-788, ¶ 10.
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APPEARANCES:
MICHAEL V. REPELLA, II, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
PAGE C. SCHROCK, III, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.