Lee Testing & Eng. Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Transp.

[Cite as Lee Testing & Eng. Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 2014-Ohio-1850.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
Lee Testing & Engineering Inc. et al., :
Plaintiffs-Appellants, :
No. 13AP-851
v. : (Ct. of Cl. No. 2012-3930)
Ohio Department of Transportation, : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellee. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on April 29, 2014
Donald R. Murphy, for appellants.
Michael DeWine, Attorney General, and Christopher P.
Conomy, for appellee.
APPEAL from the Court of Claims of Ohio
O'GRADY, J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiffs-appellants Lee Testing & Engineering Inc. and Verna Lee appeal
from a judgment of the Court of Claims of Ohio rejecting their claims against defendant-
appellee, the Ohio Department of Transportation ("ODOT"). For the reasons that follow,
we affirm.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
{¶ 2} In May 2012, appellants filed a complaint against ODOT1 alleging claims of
negligence, discrimination under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and violations of the
Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause. The claims stemmed from ODOT's actions
1 The complaint also named various ODOT employees as defendants, but the Court of Claims dismissed
them as parties in the action under R.C. 2743.02(E).
No. 13AP-851 2
with regard to Lee Testing & Engineering Inc.'s ("Lee Testing") application for
certification as a Disadvantaged Business Enterprise ("DBE") under 49 C.F.R. 26. Among
other things, appellants complained about the amount of time it took for ODOT to
approve Lee Testing's application and ODOT's failure to take certain actions after the
approval. The Court of Claims bifurcated the issues of liability and damages for purposes
of trial.
{¶ 3} After the liability trial, the Court of Claims dismissed the individual claims
of Verna Lee based on a lack of standing. The court found it lacked jurisdiction to
consider Lee Testing's due process and civil rights claims, and, even if the claims were
cognizable, it was unclear what constitutional or statutory rights were at issue. Regarding
the negligence claim, the court found Lee Testing failed to prove ODOT had a duty, and
without a duty, there could be no breach of duty. Lee Testing also failed to show any
alleged breach of duty caused it damages. The court noted when a trial is bifurcated into
separate liability and damages phases, in the liability phase the plaintiff must still prove
some damage was reasonably certain to occur as a proximate result of the defendant's
negligence. The court also found, even if Lee Testing had proven damages, the economic
loss rule barred the negligence claim because Lee Testing did not claim it suffered more
than just economic harm. Additionally, the court found that if, as Lee Testing argued,
ODOT had a duty to take further action to certify Lee Testing as a DBE, such action would
be a "public duty," and ODOT's performance or nonperformance of that duty would be
entitled to immunity under R.C. 2743.02(A)(3)(a). (R. 67, at 4-5.) Finally, the court
found the special relationship exception to this immunity did not apply.2
II. ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
{¶ 4} Appellants appeal and present this court with one assignment of error for
our review:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO FIND
THAT THE DBE CERTIFICATION PROCESS IS GOVERNED
BY THE SEVERAL SECTIONS UNDER 49 CFR 26, WHICH
CREATES A SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP PURSUANT TO
2Though unclear, we interpret the Court of Claims' immunity discussion to apply only to Lee Testing's
negligence claim and not its constitutional or civil rights claims.
No. 13AP-851 3
O.R.C. 2743.02(A)(3)(b) AND AN AFFIRMATIVE DUTY
UPON APPELLEE ODOT TO ACT.
III. DISCUSSION
{¶ 5} Under the sole assignment of error, appellants contend based on the
existence of 49 C.F.R. 26, the Court of Claims should have found a special relationship
existed between Lee Testing and ODOT for purposes of R.C. 2743.02(A)(3)(b) and ODOT
had an affirmative duty to act. In other words, appellants challenge the Court of Claims'
finding of immunity and appear to challenge the finding that ODOT had no duty for
purposes of Lee Testing's negligence claim.
{¶ 6} However, as ODOT points out, even if we sustained appellants' assignment
of error, we could not reverse the judgment of the Court of Claims in this matter. As we
previously stated, the Court of Claims dismissed Lee's individual claims against ODOT for
lack of standing. The Court of Claims rejected Lee Testing's due process and civil rights
claims because they were not cognizable in the Court of Claims, and, even if they were,
Lee Testing failed to prove them. On appeal, appellants do not challenge these findings, so
we will not address them. See App.R. 12(A)(1)(b). Because these findings remain intact,
the Court of Claims' judgment as to Lee's individual claims and Lee Testing's due process
and civil rights claims likewise remains intact.
{¶ 7} Finally, the Court of Claims rejected Lee Testing's negligence claim for
several independent reasons: (1) immunity, (2) lack of duty (and thus no breach of duty),
(3) absence of proof of damages, and (4) the economic-loss rule. See Madden v. Prod.
Concrete, Inc., 10th Dist. No. 13AP-208, 2013-Ohio-5393, ¶ 11, citing Wallace v. Ohio
Dept. of Commerce, 96 Ohio St.3d 266, 2002-Ohio-4210, ¶ 22 ("The elements of a claim
of negligence are: (1) the existence of a legal duty owing from the defendant to the
plaintiff; (2) the defendant's breach of that duty; and (3) injury to the plaintiff proximately
resulting from such failure."); Corporex Dev. & Constr. Mgt., Inc. v. Shook, Inc., 106 Ohio
St.3d 412, 2005-Ohio-5409, ¶ 6 ("The economic-loss rule generally prevents recovery in
tort of damages for purely economic loss."). Appellants only challenge the immunity and
lack of duty findings in their assigned error. Therefore, regardless of the merits of the
assigned error, the judgment on Lee Testing's negligence claim must stand. See Roberts
v. Columbus City Police Impound Div., 195 Ohio App.3d 51, 2011-Ohio-2873, ¶ 17 (10th
No. 13AP-851 4
Dist.) (stating trial court's judgment must stand where appellant only challenges one of
two separate and independent reasons the court gave for the judgment).
{¶ 8} We note, in its argument Lee Testing claims ODOT proximately caused
damages. However, Lee Testing did not assign the Court of Claims' finding on damages as
error, and this court rules on assignments of error, not mere arguments. Anderson v.
Preferred Title & Guaranty Agency, Inc., 10th Dist. No. 13AP-385, 2014-Ohio-561, ¶ 11.
Additionally, Lee Testing did not provide this court with a transcript of the liability trial,
and without that transcript we cannot evaluate Lee Testing's suggestion that it presented
evidence of damages. Therefore, even if Lee Testing assigned the damages finding as
error, we would have to presume the validity of the lower court proceedings and affirm on
that issue. Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199 (1980); White v. Ohio
Dept. of Rehab. & Corr., 10th Dist. No. 12AP-927, 2013-Ohio-4208. Appellant's
assignment of error is overruled.
IV. CONCLUSION
{¶ 9} Accordingly, we overrule the sole assignment of error and affirm the
judgment of the Court of Claims of Ohio.
Judgment affirmed.
BROWN and DORRIAN, JJ., concur.