State v. Pearce

[Cite as State v. Pearce, 2013-Ohio-3484.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
CLERMONT COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
CASE NO. CA2013-01-001
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
OPINION
: 8/12/2013
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:
JAMES SHANNON PEARCE, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM CLERMONT COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. 2012-CR-00798
D. Vincent Faris, Clermont County Prosecuting Attorney, Judith A. Brant, 76 South Riverside
Drive, 2nd Floor, Batavia, Ohio 45103, for plaintiff-appellee
Christine Tailer, P.O. Box 14, Georgetown, Ohio 45121, for defendant-appellant
S. POWELL, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, James Shannon Pearce, appeals from his conviction and
sentence in the Clermont County Court of Common Pleas following his guilty plea to
possession of criminal tools, forgery, and telecommunications fraud. For the reasons
outlined below, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further proceedings.
{¶ 2} On October 15, 2012, Pearce, along with his co-defendants, Amanuel Tesfazgi
and Robert and Joshua Cooley, were arrested at a local Red Roof Inn after they attempted to
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use a fraudulent gift card at a Speedway gas station located in Union Township, Clermont
County, Ohio. The men were discovered with computers and other devices that they used to
manufacture gift cards with illegally obtained credit card information from unsuspecting
victims overseas. At the time of his arrest, Pearce was on postrelease control resulting from
his prior fourth-degree felony theft conviction in the Scioto County Court of Common Pleas in
Case No. 10CR000799. Pearce had been released from prison at the completion of his 18-
month sentence on February 7, 2012.
{¶ 3} On October 24, 2012, Pearce was indicted on one count each of possession of
criminal tools, forgery, telecommunications fraud, and engaging in a pattern of corrupt
activity. On November 15, 2012, after entering into a plea agreement, Pearce pled guilty to
the possession of criminal tools, forgery, and telecommunications fraud charges, with the
charge of engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity being dismissed. Following Pearce's guilty
plea, the trial court ordered a presentence investigation and scheduled a sentencing hearing
for December 4, 2012. However, prior to sentencing, Pearce filed a memorandum requesting
the trial court to merge the possession of criminal tools and forgery charges for purposes of
sentencing. Pearce did not request the trial court to merge the telecommunications charge.
The trial court rescheduled the sentencing hearing for December 20, 2012, 317 days after
Pearce was released from prison and placed on postrelease control.
{¶ 4} On December 20, 2012, the trial court granted Pearce's motion to merge the
possession of criminal tools and forgery charges for purposes of sentencing. The state then
elected to proceed on sentencing for the possession of criminal tools charge, and the trial
court sentenced Pearce to serve an aggregate of 18 months in prison consisting of two
consecutive 9-month prison terms. In addition, relying on the presentence investigation
report ("PSI"), which indicated Pearce was subject to a four-year term of postrelease control,
the trial court ordered Pearce to serve an additional three years and 48 days for violating his
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postrelease control obligations, the total amount of time the trial court determined was
remaining on his supposed four-year postrelease control term.
{¶ 5} Pearce now appeals from his conviction and sentence, raising three
assignments of error for review.
{¶ 6} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶ 7} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT FOUND APPELLANT GUILTY OF
COUNT THREE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS FRAUD, WHEN THERE WERE INSUFFICIENT
FACTS SET FORTH AT THE PLEA HEARING TO CONSTITUTE THE OFFENSE.
{¶ 8} In his first assignment of error, Pearce argues the trial court erred in accepting
his guilty plea to telecommunications fraud. In support of this claim, Pearce argues that
accepting his guilty plea was in error as the state "did not submit any factual basis on which
to support a finding of guilty." (Emphasis sic.) However, not only do we find the state
submitted sufficient facts to support a conviction, it is well-established that a guilty plea "is a
complete admission of the defendant's guilt."1 Crim.R. 11(B)(1); State v. Bach, 12th Dist.
Warren No. CA2005-05-057, 2006-Ohio-501, ¶ 5. In turn, by entering a guilty plea, Pearce
not only stated that he did the acts described in the indictment, but he also admitted guilt of
the substantive crime. State v. Fuller, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2008-09-240, 2009-Ohio-
5068, ¶ 105.
{¶ 9} As this court has consistently stated, upon entering a guilty plea, the defendant
effectively "waive[s] the right to require the state to prove his guilt beyond a reasonable
doubt." State v. Taylor, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2011-08-054, 2011-Ohio-6797, ¶ 7.
1. At his plea hearing, the state specifically stated that Pearce acted as an aider and abettor to Amanuel
Tesfazgi as he illegally obtained credit card information from unsuspecting victims overseas in order to further
perpetuate the fraud. This is more than sufficient to support Pearce's conviction of telecommunications fraud.
Moreover, pursuant to R.C. 2923.03(F), if an individual is found guilty of complicity as an aider or abettor, the
individual "shall be prosecuted and punished as if he were a principal offender."
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{¶ 10} "Consequently, there is no evidence to consider, and the trial court was not
required to determine whether a factual basis existed to support the guilty plea, prior to
entering judgment on that plea." State v. Isbell, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2003-06-152, 2004-
Ohio-2300, ¶ 16; State v. Wood, 48 Ohio App.2d 339, 344 (8th Dist.1976). Therefore, as his
guilty plea serves as a complete admission of his guilt, Pearce's first assignment of error is
without merit and overruled.
{¶ 11} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶ 12} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO MERGE COUNT THREE,
TELECOMMUNICATIONS FRAUD, WITH COUNT ONE, POSESSION [sic] OF CRIMINAL
TOOLS, WHEN ALL BOTH [sic] OFFENSES WERE COMMITTED BY THE SAME
CONDUCT.
{¶ 13} In his second assignment of error, Pearce argues the trial court erred by failing
to merge the possession of criminal tools and telecommunications fraud charges at
sentencing because they constitute allied offenses of similar import. We disagree.
{¶ 14} At the outset, we note that Pearce concedes he never raised the issue of
merger as it relates to the possession of criminal tools and communications fraud before the
trial court. Rather, Pearce readily acknowledges that he merely requested the trial court to
merge his possession of criminal tools and forgery counts. As a result, because Pearce
failed to raise this issue below, this court will review Pearce's allied offense argument for
plain error. See State v. Willis, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2012-08-155, 2013-Ohio-2391, ¶ 35.
Under Crim.R. 52(B), plain error exists only where there is an obvious deviation from a legal
rule that affected the outcome of the proceeding. State v. Blanda, 12th Dist. Butler No.
CA2010-03-050, 2011-Ohio-411, ¶ 20, citing State v. Barnes, 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 27 (2002).
The imposition of multiple sentences for allied offenses of similar import amounts to plain
error. State v. Clay, 196 Ohio App.3d 305, 2011-Ohio-5086, ¶ 25 (12th Dist.); State v.
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Underwood, 124 Ohio St.3d 365, 2010-Ohio-1, ¶ 31-33.
{¶ 15} Pursuant to R.C. 2941.25, Ohio's multiple-count statute, the imposition of
multiple punishments for the same criminal conduct is prohibited. State v. Brown, 186 Ohio
App.3d 437, 2010-Ohio-324, ¶ 7 (12th Dist.). As R.C. 2941.25 states:
(A) Where the same conduct by defendant can be construed to
constitute two or more allied offenses of similar import, the
indictment or information may contain counts for all such
offenses, but the defendant may be convicted of only one.
(B) Where the defendant's conduct constitutes two or more
offenses of dissimilar import, or where his conduct results in two
or more offenses of the same or similar kind committed
separately or with a separate animus as to each, the indictment
or information may contain counts for all such offenses, and the
defendant may be convicted of all of them.
{¶ 16} The Ohio Supreme Court established a two-part test for determining whether
offenses are allied offenses of similar import under R.C. 2941.25 in State v. Johnson, 128
Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314. Under Johnson, the first inquiry focuses on whether it is
possible to commit both offenses with the same conduct. State v. Richardson, 12th Dist.
Clermont No. CA2012-06-043, 2013-Ohio-1953, ¶ 21, citing Johnson at ¶ 48. In making this
determination, it is not necessary that the commission of one offense would always result in
the commission of the other, but instead, the question is simply whether it is possible for both
offenses to be committed with the same conduct. State v. Craycraft, 193 Ohio App.3d 594,
2011-Ohio-413, ¶ 11 (12th Dist.); State v. Marlow, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2012-07-051,
2013-Ohio-778, ¶ 10.
{¶ 17} If it is possible to commit both offenses with the same conduct, courts must
next determine whether the offenses were in fact committed by the same conduct, that is, by
a single act, performed with a single state of mind. State v. Lung, 12th Dist. Brown No.
CA2012-03-004, 2012-Ohio-5352, ¶ 11, citing Johnson at ¶ 49. If so, the offenses are allied
offenses of similar import and must be merged. State v. Luong, 12th Dist. Brown No.
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CA2011-06-110, 2012-Ohio-4520, ¶ 39. However, if the commission of one offense will
never result in the commission of the other, "or if the offenses are committed separately, or if
the defendant has separate animus for each offense, then, according to R.C. 2941.25(B),
the offenses will not merge." State v. Standifer, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2011-07-071,
2012-Ohio-3132, ¶ 66, quoting Johnson at ¶ 51.
{¶ 18} Applying Johnson to the facts of this case, we must first determine whether it is
possible to commit the offenses of possession of criminal tools and communications fraud
with the same conduct. Possession of criminal tools as proscribed by R.C. 2923.24(A)
provides that "[n]o person shall possess or have under the person's control any substance,
device, instrument, or article, with purpose to use it criminally." On the other hand,
telecommunications fraud in violation of R.C. 2913.05(A) provides that "[n]o person, having
devised a scheme to defraud, shall knowingly disseminate, transmit, or cause to be
disseminated or transmitted by means of a wire, radio, satellite, telecommunication,
telecommunications device, or telecommunications service any writing, data, sign, signal,
picture, sound, or image with purpose to execute or otherwise further the scheme to
defraud." However, because the accused would need to possess some device or instrument
to commit telecommunications fraud – for example, a computer – it is certainly possible to
commit both possession of criminal tools and telecommunications fraud with the same
conduct.
{¶ 19} Having found it possible to commit both possession of criminal tools and
telecommunications fraud with the same conduct, we must now determine whether the
offenses were in fact committed by the same conduct, meaning with a single act and with a
single state of mind. Here, Pearce's telecommunications fraud charge was based on his
aiding and abetting a co-defendant, Amanuel Tesfazgi, in illegally obtaining credit card
information from unsuspecting victims overseas. Once that information was illegally
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obtained, Pearce then aided and abetted the other co-defendants, Robert and Joshua
Cooley, in their attempt to use a fraudulent gift card that contained the illegally obtained
credit card information at a local Speedway gas station.
{¶ 20} As the record indicates, Pearce's involvement in this scheme constitutes two
separate acts and separate conduct. Pearce's telecommunications fraud conviction is based
on his aiding and abetting Amanuel Tesfazgi in illegally obtaining credit card information from
unsuspecting victims overseas, whereas his conviction for possession of criminal tools is
based on his aiding and abetting the Joshua and Robert Cooley in their attempts to use the
fraudulent gift cards. Therefore, based on the facts of this case, we find the trial court did
not err, let alone commit plain error, in failing to merge the possession of criminal tools and
telecommunications fraud charges for purposes of sentencing. Accordingly, Pearce's
second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 21} Assignment of Error No. 3:
{¶ 22} THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN NOT PLACING
DEFENDANT ON COMMUNITY CONTROL WHEN APPELLANT HAD NEVER
COMPLETED A DRUG AND ALCOHOL PROGRAM AND AN UNDERLYING DRUG
PROBLEM WAS THE BASIS OF HIS CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR.
{¶ 23} In his third assignment of error, Pearce argues the trial court abused its
discretion in sentencing him to serve an aggregate 18-month prison term as opposed to
merely community control and drug rehabilitation. This claim lacks merit.
{¶ 24} As we recently noted in State v. Crawford, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2012-12-
088, 2013-Ohio-3315, "the standard of review set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) shall govern all
felony sentences." Id. at ¶ 6, quoting State v. A.H., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98622, 2013-
Ohio-2525, ¶ 7; see also State v. Cochran, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 11AP-408, 2012-Ohio-
5899, ¶ 52. Pursuant to R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), when hearing an appeal of a trial court's felony
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sentencing decision, such as the case here, "[t]he appellate court may increase, reduce, or
otherwise modify a sentence that is appealed under this section or may vacate the sentence
and remand the matter to the sentencing court for resentencing." However, as explicitly
stated in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), "[t]he appellate court's standard for review is not whether the
sentencing court abused its discretion."
{¶ 25} Rather, the appellate court may take any action authorized under R.C.
2953.08(G)(2) only if the court "clearly and convincingly finds" that either: (1) "the record
does not support the sentencing court's findings under division (B) or (D) of section 2929.13,
division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of section 2929.14, or division (I) of section 2929.20 of the Revised
Code, whichever, if any, is relevant;" or (2) "[t]hat the sentence is otherwise contrary to law."
A sentence is not clearly and convincingly contrary to law where the trial court considers the
purposes and principles of R.C. 2929.11, as well as the factors listed in R.C. 2929.12,
properly applies postrelease control, and sentences appellant within the permissible statutory
range. Crawford at ¶ 9; State v. Elliott, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2009-03-020, 2009-Ohio-
5926, ¶ 10.
{¶ 26} In making such a determination, it is "important to understand that the clear and
convincing standard used by R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) is written in the negative." Crawford at ¶ 8,
quoting Venes, 2013-Ohio-1891 at ¶ 21. "It does not say that the trial judge must have clear
and convincing evidence to support its findings." Id. Quite the contrary, "it is the court of
appeals that must clearly and convincingly find that the record does not support the court's
findings." Id. Simply stated, the language in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) establishes an "extremely
deferential standard of review" for "the restriction is on the appellate court, not the trial
judge." Id.{¶ 27} Pearce does not argue that his sentence was clearly and convincingly contrary
to law, nor does he argue any errors in the trial court's decision to impose consecutive
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sentences under R.C. 2929.14(C). Instead, Pearce argues that the trial court's decision
amounts to an abuse of discretion in that "community control and drug rehabilitation would
have been more appropriate." However, as noted above, the Generally Assembly has
explicitly stated through the passage of R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) that this court's standard for
review "is not whether the sentencing court abused its discretion." Therefore, we are not
entitled to review the trial court's decision under the more lenient abuse of discretion
standard. See Crawford, 2013-Ohio-3315 at ¶ 17; see also A.H., 2013-Ohio 2525 at ¶ 15.
Nevertheless, in the interest of justice and fairness, we will review the trial court's decision in
accordance with the applicable standard as provided by R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).
{¶ 28} In reviewing Pearce's sentence, we initially note that the trial court properly
complied with the newly enacted sentencing laws of 2011 Am.Sub.H.B. No. 86. House Bill
86 established a preference for, and in certain conditions, a presumption of, community
control sanctions for fifth-degree felonies. See R.C. 2929.13(B)(1)(a); State v. Snyder, 3rd
Dist. Seneca No. 13-11-37, 2012-Ohio-3069. However, this presumption does not apply here
as Pearce had previously been convicted of a felony offense and had served a prison term.
See State v. Glowka, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2012-10-203, 2013-Ohio-3080, ¶ 18; see also
R.C. 2929.13(B)(1)(a)(i) and R.C. 2929.13(B)(1)(b)(x). The trial court, therefore, properly
determined that imposing a prison sentence was permissible.
{¶ 29} Furthermore, after a thorough review of the record, we find no error in the trial
court's sentencing decision as it was not clearly and convincingly contrary to law, nor does it
run afoul of the statutory requirements for consecutive sentences as found under R.C.
2929.14(C). As the trial court correctly noted, Pearce was involved in an organized criminal
activity in that "they had a card reader, they obtained a large amount of credit card
information, they had gift cards made up," and that it was "obvious" that they intended to "do
it on a much large basis than passing gift cards at Speedway."
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{¶ 30} The trial court also noted Pearce's significant criminal history, including
numerous adjudications as a juvenile, which ranged a span of nearly two decades. This
included a previous unsuccessful stint on community control after he absconded following his
2003 burglary conviction, during which time Pearce was convicted of several additional
offenses in Orange County, Florida. Moreover, it is undisputed that Pearce was on
postrelease control when he committed the crimes at issue here. In turn, as the trial court
found, "recidivism is virtually certain" in this matter. Therefore, because the trial court's
sentencing decision was supported by the record and otherwise not contrary to law,
Crawford's third assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 31} Assignment of Error No. 4:
{¶ 32} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN VIOLATING APPELLANT'S SCIOTO COUNTY
POST RELEASE [sic] CONTROL AND SENTENCING APPELLANT WHEN THERE WAS
NO EVIDENCE IN THE RECORD BEFORE THE COURT AS TO WHETHER OR NOT
APPELLANT HAD BEEN PROPERLY ADVISED OF THE SANCTIONS IMPOSED FOR A
VIOLATION OF POST RELEASE [sic] CONTROL IN THAT PRIOR CASE OR AS TO THE
EXACT NATURE OF THE SENTENCE IN THAT CASE.
{¶ 33} In his fourth assignment of error, Pearce argues the trial court erred by ordering
him to serve an additional three years and 48 days as a result of his postrelease control
violation. In support of this claim, Pearce initially argues that imposing this additional prison
term was improper as there is nothing in the record to indicate whether he was properly
advised of his postrelease control obligations following his conviction in the Scioto County
Court of Common Pleas in Case No. 10CR000799. Pearce, however, did not provide any
evidence that postrelease control was improperly imposed. In fact, when questioned by the
trial court at his November 15, 2012 plea hearing, Pearce himself admitted that he was on
postrelease control after serving 18-months in prison upon being released in February of
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2012. As Pearce stated:
THE DEFENDANT: I just got out in February.
***
THE COURT: Okay. And what sentence were you serving?
THE DEFENDANT: 18 months.
THE COURT: And what was that for?
THE DEFENDANT: Forgery.
***
THE COURT: Okay. So you were released after 18 months and
pleased on post-release control, and you're still on post-release
control?
THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.
{¶ 34} Nothing in the record calls into question the fact that Pearce was properly
placed on postrelease control following his release from prison. Moreover, even if there was
an issue with the imposition of postrelease control, any such concerns should have been
raised on appeal from the Scioto County Court of Common Pleas decision, not from the trial
court's sentencing decision here. Therefore, we find Pearce's initial argument to be without
merit.
{¶ 35} That said, Pearce also argues there is nothing in the record to confirm the
"appropriateness" of the additional three-year and 48-day prison sentence imposed as a
result of his postrelease control violation. As noted above, the PSI prepared in this matter
indicates Pearce was released from prison on February 7, 2012 subject to a four-year
postrelease control term. Although not particularly clear, it appears as though the trial court
relied upon the language in the PSI to find Pearce had three years and 48 days remaining on
his four-year postrelease control term, as 317 days had passed since his release from prison
and the December 20, 2012 sentencing hearing.
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{¶ 36} We are unable to determine whether the judgment entry of sentence in Case
No. 10CR000799 was before the trial court in this matter. The state, however, has attached
the judgment entry, for which we take judicial notice, to its appellate brief. A review of the
judgment entry of sentence indicates Pearce was not subject to a four-year postrelease
control term as alleged in the PSI, but rather, an optional term of postrelease control up to a
2
maximum of three years resulting from his fourth-degree felony theft conviction. As that
judgment entry explicitly states:
The Court has further notified the defendant that post release
control is optional in this case for a maximum of three (3) years,
as well as the consequences for violating conditions of post
release control imposed by the Parole Board under Revised
Code Section 2967.28. The Defendant is Ordered to serve as
part of this sentence any term of post release control imposed by
the Parole Board, and any prison term for violation of that post
release control.
{¶ 37} It is certainly conceivable that the PSI contains a clerical error in proclaiming
Pearce was subject to a four-year term of postrelease control. However, given the
contradictory language regarding his postrelease control obligations found in the PSI and the
judgment entry of sentence in Case No. 10CR000799, we are simply unable to conclusively
determine the length of Pearce's postrelease control obligations following his release from
prison. In turn, without such information available, we cannot determine if the trial court
erred in imposing an additional three-year and 48-day prison sentence resulting from
Pearce's postrelease control violation. Therefore, we reverse the three-year and 48-day
sentence and remand this matter to the trial court to determine the length of Pearce's
postrelease control obligations following his release from prison and, if necessary, to
2. Pursuant to R.C. 2967.28(C), "[a]ny sentence to a prison term for a felony of the third, fourth, or fifth degree *
* * shall include a requirement that the offender be subject to a period of post-release control of up to three years
after the offender's release from imprisonment, if the parole board, in accordance with division (D) of this section,
determines that a period of post-release control is necessary for that offender."
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resentence Pearce in accordance with R.C. 2929.141 in regards to his postrelease control
violation only. Accordingly, Pearce's fourth assignment of error is overruled in part,
sustained in part, and this matter is remanded for further proceedings.
{¶ 38} Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.
PIPER and M. POWELL, JJ., concur.
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