State v. Snyder

[Cite as State v. Snyder, 2016-Ohio-832.]
COURT OF APPEALS
TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JUDGES:
STATE OF OHIO : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
:
-vs- :
: Case No. 2015AP070043
EUGENE SNYDER, JR. :
:
Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal appeal from the Tuscarawas
County Court of Common Pleas, Case No.
2009CR110298
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: March 1, 2016
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellant For Defendant-Appellee
RYAN D. STYER EUGENE SNYDER, JR. #628-728 Pro Se
Tuscarawas County Prosecutor Ross Correctional Institution
125 E. High Avenue Box 7010
New Philadelphia, OH 44663 Chillicothe, OH 45601
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 2
Gwin, P.J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Eugene Snyder, Jr. appeals from the June 30, 2015
Judgment Entry of the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas overruling his Motion
for Post-Conviction Relief pursuant to R.C. 2953.21. Plaintiff-appellee is the State of Ohio.
Facts and Procedural History
{¶2} A jury convicted Snyder of one count of aggravated murder in violation of
R.C. 2903.01, with a firearm specification pursuant to R.C. 2941.145, and one count of
felonious assault in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2), with a firearm specification pursuant
to R.C. 2941.145. Snyder entered a plea of guilty, pursuant to North Carolina v. Alford,
400 U.S. 25, 91 S. Ct. 160, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1970), to five counts of tampering with
evidence in violation of R.C. 2921.12. State v. Snyder, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No.
10AP060021, 2011-Ohio-3334 [“Snyder I”].
{¶3} On direct appeal, Snyder raised the following assignments of error,
I. THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED THE APPELLANT’S DUE
PROCESS RIGHTS WHEN IT IMPROPERLY INSTRUCTED THE JURY
WITH REGARDS TO AGGRAVATED MURDER.
II. THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED THE APPELLANT’S DUE
PROCESS RIGHTS WHEN IT FAILED TO PROVIDE JURY
INSTRUCTIONS OF MANSLAUGHTER, INVOLUNTARY
MANSLAUGHTER AND SELF–DEFENSE TO THE JURY.
III. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND DENIED
THE APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR TRIAL BY
FAILING TO GRANT HIS MOTION FOR MISTRIAL.
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 3
IV. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND DENIED
THE APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR TRIAL BY
ALLOWING TESTIMONY IN VIOLATION OF EVIDENCE RULE 401 AND
403.
V. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND DENIED
THE APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR TRIAL BY
NOT ALLOWING EVIDENCE OF THE VICTIM’S CHARACTER
REGARDING SPECIFIC INSTANCES OF CONDUCT RELATED TO THE
VICTIM’S CHARACTER AS IT RELATES TO A CLAIM FOR SELF–
DEFENSE OFFERED BY THE APPELLANT.
VI. THE EVIDENCE IS INSUFFICIENT TO SUSTAIN THE
CONVICTION AND THE VERDICT IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT
OF EVIDENCE.
{¶4} On June 30, 2011, this Court affirmed Snyder’s conviction and sentence.
Snyder I.
{¶5} On July 27, 2011, Snyder, acting pro se, filed a notice of appeal to the
Supreme Court of Ohio. State v. Snyder, 130 Ohio St. 3d 1418, 2011-Ohio-5605, 956
N.E.2d 309(Table). In his memorandum in support of jurisdiction, Snyder raised the
following propositions of law:
1. THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED THE APPELLANT’S DUE
PROCESS RIGHTS WHEN IT IMPROPERLY INSTRUCTED THE JURY
WITH REGARDS TO AGGRAVATED MURDER.
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 4
2. THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED THE APPELLANT’S DUE
PROCESS RIGHTS WHEN IT FAILED TO PROVIDE JURY
INSTRUCTIONS OF MANSLAUGHTER, INVOLUNTARY
MANSLAUGHTER AND SELF–DEFENSE TO THE JURY.
3. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND DENIED
THE APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR TRIAL BY
FAILING TO GRANT HIS MOTION FOR MISTRIAL.
4. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND DENIED
THE APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR TRIAL BY
ALLOWING TESTIMONY IN VIOLATION OF EVIDENCE RULE 401 AND
403.
5. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND DENIED
THE APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR TRIAL BY
NOT ALLOWING EVIDENCE OF THE VICTIM’ S CHARACTER
REGARDING SPECIFIC INSTANCES OF CONDUCT RELATED TO THE
VICTIM’S CHARACTER AS IT RELATES TO A CLAIM FOR SELF–
DEFENSE OFFERED BY THE APPELLANT.
6. THE EVIDENCE IS INSUFFICIENT TO SUSTAIN THE
CONVICTION AND THE VERDICT IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT
OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶6} On November 2, 2011, the Supreme Court of Ohio dismissed the appeal as
not involving any substantial constitutional question.
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 5
{¶7} On January 23, 2012, Snyder, acting pro se, filed a petition for a writ of
habeas corpus. Snyder v. Buchanan, N.D. Ohio No. 5:12CV255, 2012 WL 3580057 (July
30, 2012). Snyder raised the following grounds for relief:
GROUND ONE: THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED THE
APPELLANT’S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS WHEN IT IMPROPERLY
INSTRUCTED THE JURY WITH REGARDS TO AGGRAVATED
MURDER.
GROUND TWO: THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED THE
APPELLANT’S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS WHEN IT FAILED TO PROVIDE
JURY INSTRUCTIONS OF MANSLAUGHTER, INVOLUNTARY
MANSLAUGHTER AND SELF–DEFENSE TO THE JURY.
GROUND THREE: THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION
AND DENIED THE APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR
TRIAL BY FAILING TO GRANT HIS MOTION FOR MISTRIAL.
GROUND FOUR: THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION
AND DENIED THE APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR
TRIAL BY ALLOWING TESTIMONY IN VIOLATION OF EVIDENCE RULE
401 AND 403.
GROUND FIVE: THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION
AND DENIED THE APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR
TRIAL BY NOT ALLOWING EVIDENCE TO THE VICTIM’ S CHARACTER
REGARDING SPECIFIC INSTANCES OF CONDUCT RELATED TO THE
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 6
VICTIM’S CHARACTER AS IT RELATES TO A CLAIM FOR SELF–
DEFENSE OFFERED BY THE APPELLANT.
GROUND SIX: THE EVIDENCE IS INSUFFICIENT TO SUSTAIN
THE CONVICTION AND THE VERDICT IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST
WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE.
{¶8} The District Court denied Snyder’s petition after review. Snyder v.
Buchanan, N.D. Ohio No. 5:12 CV 255, 2012 WL 3579702(Aug. 17, 2012).
{¶9} On September 23, 2014, Snyder filed pro se “Motion to Void Judgment
Pursuant to Civil Rule 60 (Hearing Requested)” in the trial court. The state filed a
response on September 30, 2014. The trial court denied the motion by judgment entry
filed October 6, 2014.
{¶10} On October 28, 2014, Snyder pro se filed an appeal from the trial court’s
October 6, 2014 in State v. Snyder, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2014 AP 100046. Snyder
failed to file a brief and this Court dismissed his appeal for want of prosecution on
February 6, 2015.
{¶11} On June 15, 2015, Snyder pro se filed a “Petition for Post-Conviction Relief
Pursuant to Ohio Revised Code 2953.23(A)(1)(a).” The state filed a response on June
23, 2015 noting that Snyder’s petition was not timely filed pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(A)(2)
and was barred upon the grounds of res judicata.
{¶12} By judgment entry filed June 30, 2015, the trial court denied Snyder’s
petition.
Assignments of Error
{¶13} Snyder raises six assignments of error,
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 7
{¶14} “I. THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED THE PETITIONER'S DUE PROCESS
RIGHTS WHEN IT IMPROPERLY INSTRUCTED THE JURY WITH REGARDS TO
AGGRAVATED MURDER.
{¶15} “II. THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED THE PETITIONER’S DUE PROCESS
RIGHTS WHEN IT FAILED TO PROVIDE JURY INSTRUCTIONS OF
MANSLAUGHTER, INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER AND SELF-DEFENSE.
{¶16} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND DENIED THE
APPELLANT HIS RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL BY FAILING TO GRANT HIS MOTION FOR
A MISTRIAL.
{¶17} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND DENIED THE
PETITIONER/APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR TRIAL BY
ALLOWING TESTIMONY IN VIOLATION OF EVIDENCE RULE 401 AND 403.
{¶18} “V. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND DENIED THE
PETITIONER/APPELLANT HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR TRIAL BY NOT
ALLOWING EVIDENCE OF THE VICTIM'S CHARACTER REGARDING SPECIFIC
INSTANCES OF CONDUCT RELATED TO THE VICTIM'S CHARACTER AS IT
RELATES TO A CLAIM OF SELF-DEFENSE OFFERED BY THE PETITIONER.
{¶19} “VI. THE EVIDENCE IS INSUFFICIENT TO SUSTAIN THE CONVICTION
AND THE VERDICT IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE.”
I. – VI.
{¶20} R.C. 2953.21(A) states, in part, as follows: “(1) Any person who has been
convicted of a criminal offense or adjudicated a delinquent child and who claims that there
was such a denial or infringement of the person's rights as to render the judgment void or
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 8
voidable under the Ohio Constitution or the Constitution of the United States may file a
petition in the court that imposed sentence, stating the grounds for relief relied upon, and
asking the court to vacate or set aside the judgment or sentence or to grant other
appropriate relief.”
{¶21} A petition for post-conviction relief is a means to reach constitutional issues
that would otherwise be impossible to reach because the evidence supporting those
issues is not contained in the record of the petitioner's criminal conviction. State v. Murphy
(Dec. 26, 2000), 10th Dist. Franklin No. 00AP-233, 2000 WL 1877526(Dec. 26, 2000).
Although designed to address claimed constitutional violations, the post-conviction relief
process is a civil collateral attack on a criminal judgment, not an appeal of that judgment.
State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St. 3d 279, 281, 714 N.E.2d 905(1999); State v. Steffen, 70
Ohio St. 3d 399, 410, 639 N.E.2d 67(1994). A petition for post-conviction relief, thus, does
not provide a petitioner a second opportunity to litigate his or her conviction, nor is the
petitioner automatically entitled to an evidentiary hearing on the petition. State v. Jackson,
64 Ohio St. 2d 107, 110, 413 N.E.2d 819(1980). State v. Lewis, 5th Dist. Stark
No.2007CA00358, 2008-Ohio-3113, ¶ 8.
{¶22} R.C. 2953.21(A)(2) governs the time within a petition for post-conviction
relief must be filed and provides as follows:
Except as otherwise provided in section 2953.23 of the Revised
Code, a petition under division (A)(1) of this section shall be filed no later
than three hundred sixty-five days after the date on which the trial transcript
is filed in the court of appeals in the direct appeal of the judgment of
conviction or adjudication * * *. If no appeal is taken, except as otherwise
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 9
provided in section 2953.23 of the Revised Code, the petition shall be filed
no later than three hundred sixty-five days after the expiration of the time
for filing the appeal.
{¶23} In this case, the trial transcript in Snyder’s direct appeal was filed on
October 6, 2010. Snyder filed his petition on June 15, 2015. Therefore, his petition is not
within the three hundred sixty-five days after the date on which the trial transcript was
filed with this Court in his direct appeal and thus not in compliance with the time frame as
specified in R.C. 2953.21(A)(2).
{¶24} However, pursuant to R.C. 2953.23(A), the court may consider an untimely
petition for post-conviction relief:
(A) Whether a hearing is or is not held on a petition filed pursuant to
section 2953.21 of the Revised Code, a court may not entertain a petition
filed after the expiration of the period prescribed in division (A) of that
section or a second petition or successive petitions for similar relief on
behalf of a petitioner unless division (A)(1) or (2) of this section applies:
(1) Both of the following apply:
(a) Either the petitioner shows that the petitioner was unavoidably
prevented from discovery of the facts upon which the petitioner must rely to
present the claim for relief, or, subsequent to the period prescribed in
division (A)(2) of section 2953.21 of the Revised Code or to the filing of an
earlier petition, the United States Supreme Court recognized a new federal
or state right that applies retroactively to persons in the petitioner's situation,
and the petition asserts a claim based on that right.
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 10
(b) The petitioner shows by clear and convincing evidence that, but
for constitutional error at trial, no reasonable factfinder would have found
the petitioner guilty of the offense of which the petitioner was convicted or,
if the claim challenges a sentence of death that, but for constitutional error
at the sentencing hearing, no reasonable factfinder would have found the
petitioner eligible for the death sentence.
{¶25} Snyder does not set forth any argument in his brief as to the delay in filing,
why he meets the exception requirements contained in R.C. 2953.23(A)(1) or (A)(2), or
how the petition otherwise complies with R.C. 2953.23(A)(1) or (A)(2). As such, Snyder
has failed to meet his burden under R.C. 2953.23(A)(1) or (A)(2) to file an untimely petition
for post-conviction relief.
{¶26} In addition, the six assignments of error Snyder raises in this appeal either
were or could have been raised on direct appeal and are therefore barred under the
doctrine of res judicata. “Under the doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment of conviction
bars the defendant from raising and litigating in any proceeding, except an appeal from
that judgment, any defense or any claimed lack of due process that the defendant raised
or could have raised at the trial which resulted in that judgment of conviction or on appeal
from that judgment.” State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St. 2d 175, 226 N.E.2d 104 (1967).
Conversely, issues properly raised in a post-conviction petition are those that could not
have been raised on direct appeal because the evidence supporting the issues is outside
the record. State v. Milankovitch, 42 Ohio St. 2d 46, 325 N.E.2d 540 (1975).
{¶27} Res judicata also implicitly prohibits a petitioner from “re-packaging”
evidence or issues that either were, or could have been, raised in the context of the
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 11
petitioner's trial or direct appeal. State v. Lawson, 103 Ohio App. 3d 307, 315, 659 N.E.2d
362(12th Dist. 1995). This means that the evidence relied upon must not be evidence
that was in existence or available for use at the time of trial or direct appeal, and finally,
cannot be merely cumulative of the evidence already presented. Id. at 315.
{¶28} Snyder’s arguments do not raise any issues that are dependent upon
evidence outside the record. These matters raised cannot be considered newly
discovered evidence for they were in the trial court record.
{¶29} Further, in appellant’s direct appeal, this Court addressed the identical six
assignments of error Snyder raises in his petition. See, Snyder I at ¶19-24. The United
States District Court again reviewed the identical six assignments of error and found each
to be without merit. Snyder v. Buchanan, N.D. Ohio No. 5:12CV255, 2012 WL 3580057
(July 30, 2012) at §39; §49; §55; §66; §69; §80; §95-96.
Conclusion
{¶30} Upon review, we find that Snyder has not satisfied the R.C. 2953.23(A)
(1)(a) requirement that he was unavoidably prevented from discovery of the facts upon
which he relies to present his claims for post-conviction relief. Snyder does not offer any
evidence that was not already in the record before the trial court. Further, the issues
raised by Snyder either were or could have been raised in his direct appeal and are
therefore res judicata. Thus, the trial court did not err in denying Snyder’s petition for post-
conviction relief.
{¶31} Snyder’s six assignments of error are overruled in their entirety.
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2015AP070043 12
{¶32} The judgment of the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas is
affirmed.
By Gwin, P.J.,
Delaney, J., and
Baldwin, J., concur