State v. McCaughey

[Cite as State v. McCaughey, 2018-Ohio-3167.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 106311
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
vs.
MELINDA MCCAUGHEY
DEFENDANT-APPELLEE
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-17-618146-A
BEFORE: Celebrezze, J., E.A. Gallagher, A.J., and Blackmon, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 9, 2018
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Michael C. O’Malley
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Gregory M. Paul
Mary M. Frey
Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys
The Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Eric M. Levy
55 Public Square, Suite 1600
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ON RECONSIDERATION1
1
The original announcement of decision, State v. McCaughey, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106311,
2018-Ohio-2231, released June 7, 2018, is hereby vacated. This opinion, issued upon reconsideration, is the
court’s journalized decision in this appeal. See App.R. 22(C); see also S.Ct.Prac.R. 7.01.
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J.:
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant, the state of Ohio, appeals the judgment of the trial court that
granted defendant-appellee’s motion for discharge for delay on speedy trial grounds. After a
thorough review of the record and law, this court affirms.
I. Factual and Procedural History
{¶2} On May 16, 2016, defendant-appellee, Melinda McCaughey (hereinafter
“appellee”), was arrested as a result of a traffic stop. Specifically, appellee was arrested for
operating a vehicle under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol (“OVI”). During the traffic stop,
appellee admitted to the arresting officer that she had cocaine in her bra, and appellee handed the
narcotics to the officer. Appellee further stated to the arresting officer that the substance was
cocaine.
{¶3} As a result of the traffic stop, a complaint was filed on May 21, 2016. Appellee
was charged in Cleveland M.C. No. 2016 TRC 018792 with OVI and various minor traffic
violations. On June 13, 2016, appellee entered a plea of no contest as to the OVI charge, and
the state nolled the remaining minor traffic violations. Appellee was not charged at that time
with regards to the cocaine.
{¶4} In September 2016, the state received the results of the laboratory testing on the
substance that tested positive for cocaine. On June 15, 2017, appellee was indicted in
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-17-618146-A, on one count of drug possession in violation of R.C.
2925.11.
{¶5} On July 18, 2017, appellee filed a motion for discharge based on Ohio’s speedy trial
statute R.C. 2945.73, and the state’s failure to comply with Crim.R. 5(B). After a hearing, the
trial court granted appellee’s motion and dismissed the indictment with prejudice.
{¶6} The state brought the instant appeal challenging the trial court’s granting of
appellee’s motion. The state assigns one error for our review:
I. The trial court erred when granting defendant’s motion for discharge for delay
in trial and failure to comply with Crim.R. 5(B) and dismissing this matter with
prejudice.
II. Law and Analysis
A. Speedy Trial Violation
{¶7} In its sole assignment of error, the state claims the trial court erred in granting
appellee’s motion for discharge on speedy trial grounds. Specifically, the state argues that
appellee’s speedy trial rights were not violated because the state did not indict appellee on the
drug possession count until after the state received the laboratory results. We find no merit to
the state’s arguments.
{¶8} Appellate review of a trial court’s decision on a motion to dismiss for a speedy trial
violation involves a mixed question of law and fact. State v. Loder, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos.
93242 and 93865, 2010-Ohio-3085, ¶ 9, citing State v. Easley 4th Dist. Scioto No. 03CA2910,
2005-Ohio-767. Although we accord due deference to a trial court’s findings of fact if
supported by competent, credible evidence, we must determine independently if the trial court
correctly applied the law to the facts of the case. Id. When reviewing the legal issues
presented in a speedy trial claim, we are required to strictly construe the relevant statutes against
the state. Id., citing Brecksville v. Cook, 75 Ohio St. 3d 53, 57, 661 N.E.2d 706 (1996).
{¶9} The Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, as well as
Section 10, Article I of the Ohio Constitution, guarantee a criminal defendant the right to a
speedy trial by the state. State v. O’Brien, 34 Ohio St. 3d 7, 516 N.E.2d 218 (1987). In Barker
v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 523, 92 S. Ct. 2182, 33 L. Ed. 2d 101 (1972), the United States Supreme
Court declared that, with regard to fixing a time frame for speedy trials, “the States * * * are free
to prescribe a reasonable period consistent with constitutional standards * * *.” To that end, the
Ohio General Assembly enacted R.C. 2945.71 in order to comply with the Barker decision.
{¶10} Pursuant to R.C. 2945.71(C)(2), a person charged with a felony “[s]hall be brought
to trial within two hundred seventy days after the person’s arrest.” Once the statutory limit has
expired, the defendant has established a prima facie case for dismissal. State v. Howard, 79
Ohio App. 3d 705, 607 N.E.2d 1121 (8th Dist.1992). The burden then shifts to the state to
demonstrate that sufficient time was tolled pursuant to R.C. 2945.72. State v. Geraldo, 13 Ohio
App.3d 27, 468 N.E.2d 328 (6th Dist.1983).
{¶11} The Supreme Court of Ohio has noted that ‘“[w]hen new and additional charges
arise from the same facts as did the original charge and the state knew of such facts at the time of
the initial indictment, the time within which trial is to begin on the additional charge is subject to
the same statutory limitations period that is applied to the original charge.”’ State v. Baker, 78
Ohio St. 3d 108, 111, 676 N.E.2d 883 (1997), quoting State v. Adams, 43 Ohio St. 3d 67, 68, 538
N.E.2d 1025 (1989). However, “[i]n issuing a subsequent indictment, the state is not subject to
the speedy-trial timetable of the initial indictment, when additional criminal charges arise from
facts different from the original charges, or the state did not know of these facts at the time of the
initial indictment.” Baker at syllabus.
{¶12} “‘The holding in Baker is disjunctive and specifically sets forth two scenarios,
either of which will reset the speedy-trial timetable for charges arising from a subsequent
indictment.’” State v. Mohamed, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 08AP-960, 2009-Ohio-6658, ¶ 30,
quoting State v. Thomas, 4th Dist. Adams No. 06CA825, 2007-Ohio-5340, ¶ 17. “The key
questions that must be considered are whether the additional criminal charges arise from facts
different from the original charges, and whether the state knew of these facts at the time of
the initial charge.” State v. Robertson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93396, 2010-Ohio-2892, ¶ 18,
citing Baker.
{¶13} In our review of the record, contrary to the state’s argument, there were no
additional facts found in September 2016 when the state received the laboratory results
confirming the substance tested positive for cocaine. We note that this case is not similar to
traffic stop cases in which laboratory drug testing results that were not known at the time of the
original indictment have been deemed to constitute “additional facts” warranting the triggering of
a new speedy trial clock. See State v. Vasquez, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 13AP-366,
2014-Ohio-224, ¶ 27-41; State v. Brown, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 12AP-292, 2012-Ohio-5903, ¶
11-13; see also Baker (where subsequent charges resulted from the complex and time-consuming
process of checking the defendant’s financial records and the state could not have known if
additional charges were appropriate until that process was completed).
{¶14} To the extent that the state argues that the instant case is similar to this court’s
decision in State v. Wangul, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 79393, 2002 Ohio App. LEXIS 564 (Feb.
14, 2002), we disagree. In Wangul, the defendant was arrested on July 31, 2001, after officers
had received a complaint that Wangul was growing marijuana plants in his backyard. Officers
responded to Wangul’s home and observed marijuana plants in his backyard. Officers then
seized the marijuana plants and arrested Wangul on an unrelated outstanding felony arrest
warrant for grand theft charges. At the time of the arrest, no charges were brought against
Wangul regarding the marijuana plants.
{¶15} Officers thereafter sent the marijuana plants to the lab to be weighed in order to
determine the level of the offense with which to charge Wangul. After receiving the lab results,
a subsequent indictment for cultivation of marijuana was filed against Wangul on December 12,
2001. Wangul was then arrested on these charges on January 9, 2002. This court noted that
“[s]ince the subsequent indictment for cultivation of marijuana was not filed until after the
marijuana was weighed and the charges determined, this indictment was based on new and
additional facts which were not known at the time [Wangul] was arrested on the outstanding
warrant for grand theft.” Wangul at 6.
{¶16} We find the instant case to be distinguishable from Wangul. In Wangul, the
weight of the marijuana was unknown when officers discovered the marijuana plants. The
weight of the marijuana plants was necessary to determine whether Wangul would be charged
with a misdemeanor or felony level offense. Therefore, the new and additional facts in Wangul
was the actual weight of the marijuana — a fact that was not known at the time the officers
seized the plants — not the lab results confirming that the suspected marijuana plants were
indeed marijuana.
{¶17} In the instant case, appellee admitted the suspected drug was cocaine, and
therefore, there were no new facts when the state received the lab results. Further, in Wangul,
the subsequent indictment was wholly dependent upon the lab analysis as to the weight of the
marijuana, which was not available to the state when officers discovered the marijuana plants.
See Mohamed, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 08AP-960, 2009-Ohio-6658, at ¶ 42.
{¶18} The instant case is more similar to this court’s ruling in State v. Rutkowski, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 86289, 2006-Ohio-1087. In Rutkowski, the defendant’s vehicle was
searched after a traffic stop and the arresting officers discovered baggies of marijuana and a
baggie of suspected ecstasy pills. Initially, the defendant was charged with the marijuana but
was not charged with regards to the suspected ecstasy pills. The pills were sent for testing and
tested positive for ecstasy. Nearly one year after being charged in municipal court with the
marijuana charges, the defendant was indicted for felony possession of drugs with regards to the
ecstasy pills. The defendant filed a motion to dismiss on speedy trial grounds arguing that the
only new or additional facts the state can point to are the laboratory results indicating that the
confiscated pills tested positive for ecstasy. The trial court denied the motion to dismiss and
defendant entered a plea of no contest to the charges set forth in the indictment and was found
guilty and was sentenced.
{¶19} On appeal, we reversed the trial court’s judgment and defendant’s conviction. We
noted that:
[n]o additional pieces of evidence were discovered by the police in regard to this
case. The pills that [the lab] confirmed positive for ecstasy were discovered by
the police at the same time as the evidence used against [the defendant] in his first
conviction. Furthermore, [the defendant] admitted to having ecstasy prior to his
first conviction. For some reason, however, the state did not secure [the lab
report] until January 2004. Even then, the state waited almost a year after
receiving that information to bring a second indictment against appellant. These
facts do not arise to a level to allow appellant’s speedy trial rights to be ignored,
and any charges to be made pursuant to any suspected drugs confiscated on the
day of appellant’s arrest should have culminated in a speedy trial from the date of
that arrest.
Id. at ¶ 26.
{¶20} In the instant case, our review of the record reflects that the subsequent drug
possession charge arose from facts that related to the original charge and involved the same facts.
As in Rutkowski, these same facts were known at the time the OVI complaint was brought in
municipal court in May 2016. The state argues that appellee’s speedy trial time started to run
when the laboratory test results were returned to the state in September 2016. The state further
argues that only in September 2016 did the state become aware that the substance in appellee’s
possession was in fact cocaine. We find this argument to be unpersuasive.
{¶21} Furthermore, in Rutkowski, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 86289, 2006-Ohio-1087, this
court noted that the defendant stated at the municipal court level at some point “prior to his first
conviction,” that the pills were indeed ecstasy. In the instant case, appellee stated to the actual
arresting officer that the substance in her bra was cocaine. Thus, these circumstances in the
instant case are even more incurable than the circumstances we noted in Rutkowski.
{¶22} As we noted above, once the statutory limit has expired, the defendant has
established a prima facie case for dismissal and the burden then shifts to the state to demonstrate
that time was tolled in some fashion pursuant to R.C. 2945.72. Howard, 79 Ohio App. 3d 705,
607 N.E.2d 1121; Geraldo, 13 Ohio App. 3d 27, 468 N.E.2d 328. The factors to consider in
determining whether a trial’s delay was reasonable include: ‘“[l]ength of the delay, the reason
for the delay, the defendant’s assertion of [her] right, and prejudice to the defendant.’” State v.
Taylor, 98 Ohio St. 3d 27, 2002-Ohio-7017, 781 N.E.2d 72, ¶ 38, quoting Barker at 530. In our
review, we note that these factors do not weigh in favor of the state. The only justification for
the delay was that the state did not receive confirmation that the substance was in fact cocaine
until laboratory test results were obtained by the state in September 2016. Seeking confirmation
that the substance was cocaine, considering that the appellee stated to the arresting officer on the
date of the arrest that the substance was in fact cocaine, does not allow the state to sit on felony
charges for one year. See Rutkowski at ¶ 28. See also State v. Cooney, 124 Ohio App. 3d 570,
573, 706 N.E.2d 854 (1st Dist.1997). We find the length of the delay in this case to be
unjustified.
III. Conclusion
{¶23} Accordingly, the speedy trial clock for the underlying charges herein did arise on
appellee’s arrest on May 16, 2016, and appellee’s statutory speedy trial rights were violated.2
We find the trial court did not err in dismissing the case on speedy trial grounds. The state’s
sole assignment of error is overruled.
{¶24} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of said appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common pleas
court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., JUDGE
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, A.J., and
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J., CONCUR
`
2
The state argued in its motion for reconsideration that this panel impermissibly concluded that appellee’s
statutory and constitutional speedy trial rights were violated. Upon review of the record, appellee’s motion to
dismiss specifically articulated that her motion was based upon R.C. 2945.71 and not constitutional grounds. See
generally State v. Martin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106038, 2018-Ohio-1843, ¶ 39-44 (explaining the difference
between constitutional and statutory speedy trial rights).