State v. Moore

[Cite as State v. Moore, 2021-Ohio-3995.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LUCAS COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO COURT OF APPEALS NO. {48}L-21-1033
APPELLEE TRIAL COURT NO. CR0201801127
V.
JAMES EVERETT MOORE DECISION AND JUDGMENT
APPELLANT
*****
Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and
Brenda J. Majdalani, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Angelina Wagner, for appellant.
*****
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} This is a delayed appeal from a judgment of the Lucas County Court of
Common Pleas, which sentenced appellant to a prison term of 11 years after the trial
court accepted appellant’s guilty plea and convicted him of one count of involuntary
manslaughter. For the reasons set forth below, this court affirms the judgment of the trial
court.
I. Background
{¶ 2} This appeal originated from felony Lucas County Grand Jury indictments
against appellant, James Everett Moore, for aggravated murder, murder, and aggravated
robbery, each with firearm specifications. State v. Moore, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-19-
1032, 2020-Ohio-2653, ¶ 2. Appellee, state of Ohio, alleged that on November 18, 2017,
appellant and a codefendant, who was tried separately, caused the death of another while
committing an armed robbery. Prior to the conclusion of the jury trial, appellant entered
a guilty plea to one count of involuntary manslaughter in violation of R.C. 2903.04(A),
and a first-degree felony pursuant to R.C. 2903.04(C), with all other charges dismissed
by agreement with appellee. Id. at ¶ 3.
{¶ 3} The January 25, 2019 sentencing hearing transcript is in the record. The trial
court heard mitigating evidence from appellant and appellant’s counsel, reviewed the
undisputed presentence investigation report, reviewed victim impact statements written
by the victim’s family, and heard a victim impact statement presented by the victim’s
uncle. The trial court expressed in open court the requirement “to consider the need for
incapacitating the offender, deterring the offender and others from future crime,
rehabilitating the offender and making restitution to the victim.”
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{¶ 4} The trial court further stated, “I need to impose a sentence that is
commensurate with and not demeaning to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and
its impact on the victim and consistent with sentences imposed for similar crimes
committed by similar offenders,” continuing:
So, in this case, there’s no clarity from information this Court has
received from [sic.] who actually pulled the trigger. There are theories.
The State has its opinion on the matter, but it hasn’t been established in
court. And because of the complexities involved in this prosecution, this
Defendant was initially charged with Aggravated Murder and Murder and
Aggravated Robber with Firearm Specification.
Ultimately, the case was resolved at the level of a homicide that we
call Involuntary Manslaughter. And so what is the appropriate sentence for
this offense? This much I know, I know that no sentence that I impose here
today is going to make the victim’s family walk out of this courtroom
saying, all right, we feel good about it all. * * *
So I’m constrained by the law and the variables that are afforded to
me in the context of this sentencing. * * * Mr. Moore wants to mitigate his
responsibility in the death and says, in his statement to the Presentence
Department, says it was supposed to be a robbery. Was supposed to go
through [the victim’s] pockets while someone else was holding him at
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gunpoint. So he has fully acknowledged his culpability in the offense of
Aggravated Robbery and also that would embody the Specification.
Because even if he didn’t hold the gun, the law says you’re culpable
and responsible for the acts of your co-conspirators. So if he had been
convicted of that charge Aggravated Robbery and a Specification, he’d
been exposed to 14 years. So now his maximum exposure is 11 years. * *
*
And so I say to you, Mr. Moore, your impact obviously had been
devastating. You took a young man’s life. You were involved in that
course of criminal conduct, whether you literally pulled the trigger or not. *
**
It is the Order of the Court that his Defendant, Mr. Moore, serve a
term of * * * 11 years in prison. This is a mandatory sentence as I
discussed with you.
{¶ 5} On direct appeal, this court remanded for resentencing the trial court’s
mandatory 11-year prison sentence. Moore, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-19-1032, 2020-Ohio-
2653, at ¶ 13.
{¶ 6} Resentencing by the trial court occurred on January 5, 2021, and the
transcript is in the record. Appellant again presented mitigating evidence to the trial
court, including the sentencing his codefendant received for the same offense, his
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relatively small criminal record, his youth, and his remorse. Appellee presented its
recommendations for the maximum statutory sentence of 11 years.
{¶ 7} During the course of resentencing, the trial court referenced the prior
sentencing hearing held on January 25, 2019. The trial court recalled the circumstances
“which resulted in this negotiated resolution in the midst of the trial.” After two days of
testimony and evidence presented to the jury by appellee, and prior to the testimony by
appellant’s codefendant, appellant pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter in exchange
for dismissal of the original charges currently being tried. The trial court recalled at the
January 25, 2019 sentencing, “this Court felt there should be a difference in sentence
between Mr. Moore and any codefendant because the evidence to be offered by the State
would have shown that Mr. Moore was the one who fired the shot that resulted in the
death of the victim.” The trial court found appellant’s conduct “was distinctly different
than that of any other participant.” The trial court was aware the “compromised,
negotiated resolution between Defendant, his Counsel and the State” favored appellant
because “he was on trial for an offense if convicted, he would have been facing a life
sentence.”
{¶ 8} The trial court concluded “my view on the matters haven’t changed with this
passing of time.” The trial court then expressly adopted its sentencing rationale from the
prior sentencing hearing held on January 25, 2019, including the principles and purposes
of sentencing under R.C. 2929.11 and balancing the seriousness and recidivism factors
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under R.C. 2929.12. The trial court ordered appellant to serve 11 years in prison.
“What’s different this time in your sentence, Mr. Moore, is that you are eligible for
earned days of credit under [R.C.] 2967.193.” Appellant raised no objections in the
record of his resentencing.
{¶ 9} By judgment entry journalized on January 14, 2021, among other matters,
the trial court ordered appellant to serve a nonmandatory prison term of 11 years. The
trial court specifically stated in its entry that prior to sentencing it “considered the record,
Presentence Report of defendant’s statements and social background, oral statements, any
victim impact statement, as well as principles and purposes of sentencing under R.C.
2929.11 balancing seriousness, recidivism and other relevant factors under R.C.
2929.12.”
{¶ 10} Appellant sets forth two assignments of error in this appeal:
I. The trial court record does not support the sentence imposed upon
the Appellant by the trial court and the sentence is contrary to law.
II. The trial court erred by considering dismissed and nolle’d cases
as a basis for imposing a maximum sentence on the convicted charge,
resulting in a violation of Appellant’s rights to due process and
fundamental fairness.
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II. Felony Sentencing
A. Contrary to Law
{¶ 11} In support of his first assignment of error, appellant argues his 11-year
prison sentence is contrary to law in violation of R.C. 2929.11(B) for two reasons: (1) his
maximum sentence of 11 years was inconsistent with the more lenient sentence imposed
on his codefendant for the same crime; and (2) there was no evidence of aggravating
factors in the record to support differentiating appellant’s conduct from his codefendant.
Appellant further argues the trial court erred by opining at resentencing that appellant,
rather than his codefendant, actually pulled the trigger of the firearm that killed the victim
when at the prior sentencing hearing the trial court acknowledged the evidence did not
establish conclusively who pulled the trigger.
{¶ 12} We review appellant’s challenge to his felony sentencing pursuant to R.C.
2953.08(G)(2)(b), which states, in part, “The appellate court’s standard for review is not
whether the sentencing court abused its discretion. The appellate court may take any
action authorized by this division if it clearly and convincingly finds either of the
following: * * * (b) That the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.”
{¶ 13} Although “contrary to law” is an undefined term, the Ohio Supreme Court
clearly guides us that, “R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(b) * * * does not provide a basis for an
appellate court to modify or vacate a sentence based on its view that the sentence is not
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supported by the record under R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12.” State v. Jones, 163 Ohio
St.3d 242, 2020-Ohio-6729, 169 N.E.3d 649, ¶ 39.
{¶ 14} We recently stated in State v. Wilson, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-21-1037, 2021-
Ohio-3768, ¶ 22, the following:
Moreover, under Jones, an appellate court may not “independently
weigh the evidence in the record and substitute its judgment for that of the
trial court concerning the sentence that best reflects compliance with R.C.
2929.11 and 2929.12,” nor may it “modify or vacate a sentence based on its
view that the sentence is not supported by the record under [those
statutes].” Jones at ¶ 39, 42; see also State v. Toles, Slip Opinion No.
2021-Ohio-3531, ¶ 1 (Affirming sentencing judgment under the authority
of Jones). Accordingly, we are precluded from reviewing a felony sentence
“where -- as here -- the appellant’s sole contention is that the trial court
improperly considered the factors of R.C. 2929.11 or 2929.12 when
fashioning that sentence.” State v. Stenson, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-20-1074,
2021-Ohio-2256, ¶ 9, citing Jones at ¶ 42; see also State v. Orzechowski,
6th Dist. Wood No. WD-20-029, 2021-Ohio-985, ¶ 13-14 (“In light of
Jones, assigning error to the trial court’s imposition of sentence as contrary
to law based solely on its consideration of R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12 is no
longer grounds for this court to find reversible error.”).
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{¶ 15} We lack the authority under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(b) to grant the relief
appellant seeks by independently reviewing if the record supports his sentence under R.C.
2929.11(B). Appellant’s first assignment of error is not well-taken.
B. Dismissed Charges
{¶ 16} In support of his second assignment of error, appellant argues his
resentence of 11 nonmandatory years must be vacated due to the trial court’s
consideration of dismissed charges. Citing State v. Blake, 3d Dist. Union No. 14-03-33,
2004-Ohio-1952, ¶ 5, appellant argues the trial court violated his due process rights by
exhibiting a bias that appellant was guilty of the dismissed charges. Appellant concludes
“the court’s reference to what Appellant could have been sentenced to if convicted under
the dismissed charges was improper and the sentence should therefore be reversed.”
{¶ 17} In Blake, the Third District Court of Appeals acknowledged that a “trial
court may consider allegations that form the basis of charges dismissed pursuant to a plea
agreement when sentencing a defendant.” Id. The Third District then stated the trial
court’s discretion was limited and “cannot indicate a bias toward the defendant indicating
that the trial court believes that the defendant is guilty of the charges which were
dismissed.” Id., citing State v. Fisher, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2002-L-020, 2003-Ohio-3499,
¶ 20-27. The Eleventh District Court of Appeals in Fisher found the Ohio Supreme
Court “has held that considering evidence relating to a past dismissed charge at the
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sentencing stage does not constitute reversible error.” Fisher at ¶ 24, citing State v.
Wiles, 59 Ohio St.3d 71, 78, 571 N.E.2d 97 (1991).
{¶ 18} It is undisputed appellant pled guilty to one count of involuntary
manslaughter in violation of R.C. 2903.04(A), which states “No person shall cause the
death of another * * * as a proximate cause of the offender’s committing or attempting to
commit a felony.” That offense is a first-degree felony. R.C. 2903.04(C). His guilty
plea was a complete admission of guilt for that offense. Crim.R. 11(B)(1).
{¶ 19} The trial court sentenced appellant to an 11-year prison term pursuant to
the applicable sentencing statute for a first-degree felony, which authorizes definite
prison terms between three and 11 years. R.C. 2929.14(A)(1)(b). The trial court’s
sentence is within the statutory range authorized by the Ohio General Assembly for
appellant’s offense. State v. Hairston, 118 Ohio St.3d 289, 2008-Ohio-2338, 888 N.E.2d
1073, ¶ 21. Appellant does not dispute his 11-year sentence was within the statutory
range. We do not find any trial court error by adhering to the authorized statutory range.
Id. at ¶ 23; State v. Penn, 6th Dist. Fulton No. F-20-004, 2021-Ohio-1761, ¶ 38.
{¶ 20} We further find the trial court is not required to make any special findings
before imposing the maximum sentence within the authorized statutory range. State v.
Thompson, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-18-049, 2019-Ohio-4505, ¶ 17, citing State v.
Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231, ¶ 13. Nevertheless, the
record shows the trial court specifically stated at the January 5, 2021 resentencing hearing
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it incorporated its rationale expressed at the January 25, 2019 sentencing hearing because
the trial court’s view on the matters had not changed during that time. On January 25,
2019, the trial court relied on the undisputed presentence investigation report. The trial
court found in that report that appellant admitted his culpability to the originally indicted
aggravated robbery offense with a firearm. On that basis, the trial court determined
appellant admitted causing the victim’s death under the law. The penalty for aggravated
robbery offense with firearm specification was 14 years, which was greater than the
maximum of 11 years for the offense for involuntary manslaughter.
{¶ 21} We disagree with appellant that the trial court exhibited an unconstitutional
bias when it considered, as part of many other sentencing factors, evidence in the record
regarding the aggravated robbery with firearm specification offenses that were dismissed
as a result of the plea agreement. Wiles at 78. The sentencing record shows that even if
the trial court disregarded appellant’s admissions in the presentence investigation report
regarding the dismissed offenses, the trial court considered other evidence, including the
entire record, oral statements, the written and oral victim impact statements and the
requirements of R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12.
{¶ 22} This court has held that a defendant’s constitutional rights are not violated
when receiving the maximum sentence within the statutory range, even where the trial
court used evidence learned about other dismissed, indicted offenses. State v. Young, 6th
Dist. Erie No. E-05-013, 2006-Ohio-728, ¶ 21. This court has further held that there is no
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trial court error where the sentencing record contains evidence of factors considered at
sentencing other than, or in addition to, the “unadjudicated allegations.” State v. Pippin,
6th Dist. Lucas No. L-18-1023, 2019-Ohio-1387, ¶ 15, citing State v. Waxler, 6th Dist.
Lucas No. L-11-1101, 2012-Ohio-3619, ¶ 10-12. In addition, we have held that
sentencing courts may consider at sentencing inadmissible evidence, including charges
that were reduced or dismissed under a plea agreement. State v. Boswell, 6th Dist. Erie
No. E-18-053, 2019-Ohio-2949, ¶ 29.
{¶ 23} For the foregoing reasons we do not find clear and convincing evidence the
trial court violated appellant’s due process rights by exhibiting a sentencing bias that
appellant was guilty of the dismissed charges. Appellant’s second assignment of error is
not well-taken.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 24} On consideration whereof, we find that substantial justice has been done in
this matter. The judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
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State of Ohio
v. James Everett Moore
L-21-1033
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27.
See, also, 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. [[Applied Signature]]
JUDGE
Thomas J. Osowik, J. [[Applied Signature 2]]
JUDGE
Christine E. Mayle, J. [[Applied Signature 3]]
CONCUR JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of
Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported
version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at:
http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
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