Wedemeyer v. U.S.S. F.D.R. (CV-42) Reunion Assn.

[Cite as Wedemeyer v. U.S.S. F.D.R. (CV-42) Reunion Assn., 2010-Ohio-1502.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
ALLEN COUNTY
ALBERT WEDEMEYER,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT, CASE NO. 1-09-57
v.
USS FDR (CV-42)
REUNION ASSOCIATION, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLEE.
Appeal from Allen County Common Pleas Court
Trial Court No. CV2009 0736
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: April 5, 2010
APPEARANCES:
Thomas A. Sobecki for Appellant
Richard E. Siferd for Appellee
Case No. 1-09-57
PRESTON, J.
{¶1} Although originally placed on our accelerated calendar, we have
elected pursuant to Loc.R. 12(5) to issue a full opinion in lieu of a summary
journal entry.
{¶2} Plaintiff-appellant, Albert Wedemeyer (hereinafter “Wedemeyer”),
appeals the Allen County Court of Common Pleas’ judgment granting defendant-
appellant’s, U.S.S. F.D.R. (CV-42) Reunion Association’s (hereinafter “Reunion
Association”), motion to dismiss. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
{¶3} On July 23, 2009, Wedemeyer, a resident of Georgia, filed a two-
count complaint against the Reunion Association alleging, in pertinent part, that
the Reunion Association is a non-profit unincorporated association organized for
social purposes whose membership is open to all active duty, retired, and
honorably discharged members of the Armed Forces who served on the U.S.S.
Franklin D. Roosevelt (CV-42). (Complaint, Doc. No. 1, at ¶¶1-2). In count one
Wedemeyer alleged that he was regular member of the Reunion Association until
May 16, 2009 when he was expelled for life from membership due to his allegedly
disruptive conduct, which conduct he denied. (Id. at ¶¶5-7). Wedemeyer alleged
that he “was not provided reasonable notice and hearing with an opportunity to
defend against the charges prior to his expulsion.” (Id. at ¶8). Wedemeyer further
alleged that the Reunion Association’s treasurer’s address is 7925 Bechtol Road,
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Lima, Ohio 45801, and that Article I, Section 2, of the Reunion Association’s
constitution and by-laws provided that the Reunion Association “shall have as its
address for official correspondence the address of the Secretary or of the Treasurer
as designated from time to time by the Executive Board.” (Id. at ¶¶3-4). In count
two of the complaint, Wedemeyer alleged that, as a result of his expulsion, he has
suffered severe emotional distress and humiliation, as well as special damages of
$700 for hotel expenses, transportation, and meals, and over $4,600 in expenses
regarding a film that was to be converted to DVD format for the benefit of the
Reunion Association. (Id. at ¶¶11-12).
{¶4} With respect to count one, Wedemeyer asked the court for an order
enjoining the Reunion Association from removing his name from its membership
roster; ordering the Reunion Association to reinstate his membership as if he had
never been removed; and further ordering the Reunion Association to desist from
excluding him from membership rights. (Complaint, Doc. No. 1). With respect to
count two, Wedemeyer sought compensatory damages in excess of $25,000.00.
(Id.). With respect to both counts, Wedemeyer sought attorney’s fees,
prejudgment interest, post-judgment interest, costs, expenses, and such other relief
as the court deemed just and proper. (Id.).
{¶5} On August 19, 2009, the Reunion Association filed a motion to
dismiss on the basis that “the Court lacks jurisdiction over this defendant.” (Doc.
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No. 3). On September 3, 2009, the trial court granted the motion to dismiss. (Doc.
No. 4). On September 4, 2009, Wedemeyer filed a response to the motion along
with an affidavit and accompanying documents. (Doc. No. 5).
{¶6} On September 29, 2009, Wedemeyer filed an appeal from the trial
court’s dismissal, which was assigned appellate case no. 1-09-52. (Doc. Nos. 7, 9).
On October 7, 2009, this Court determined sua sponte that it lacked jurisdiction
for want of a final appealable order. (Doc. No. 10). On that same day, the trial
court entered judgment again, this time specifically ordering that Wedemeyer’s
complaint be dismissed. (Doc. No. 11).
{¶7} On October 29, 2009, Wedemeyer filed this present appeal, assigned
appellate case no. 1-09-57. (Doc. Nos. 13-14). Wedemeyer now appeals raising
three assignments of error for our review. We have elected to address
Wedemeyer’s assignments of error out of the order they appear in his brief and to
combine his first and second assignments of error for discussion.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. III
THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COMMITTED
REVERSIBLE ERROR IN NOT CONSIDERING
PLAINTIFF’S RESPONSE TO DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO
DISMISS INCLUDING THE AFFIDAVIT OF ALBERT
WEDEMEYER.
{¶8} In his third assignment of error, Wedemeyer argues that the trial
court erred by ruling on the Reunion Association’s motion to dismiss without
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considering his response. Specifically, Wedemeyer argues that his response was
timely because the motion was served upon him by regular mail, and Civ.R. 6(E)
provided three (3) additional days beyond Local Rule 3.03’s fourteen (14)-day
time limit. We disagree.
{¶9} The interpretation of a civil rule, as well as local rules promulgated
pursuant to Civ.R. 83, presents a question of law, which we review de novo. Cf.
State v. South, 162 Ohio App.3d 123, 2005-Ohio-2152, 832 N.E.2d 1222, ¶9 (de
novo review of the interpretation of Crim.R. 16). De novo review is independent
and without deference to the trial court’s determination. Wilson v. AC & S, Inc.,
169 Ohio App.3d 720, 2006-Ohio-6704, 864 N.E.2d 682, ¶61; In re J.L., 176 Ohio
App.3d 186, 2008-Ohio-1488, 891 N.E.2d 778, ¶33.
{¶10} Pursuant to Civ.R. 83, the Allen County Court of Common Pleas
adopted Local Rule 3.03 (eff. 12/3/07), which provides, in pertinent part:
All motions shall be accompanied by a brief stating the grounds
thereof and citing the authorities relied upon. The opposing
counsel or party may file an answer brief by the fourteenth day
after the day on which the motion was filed. Thereafter, the
motion shall be deemed submitted to the judge to whom the case
is assigned. * * * This rule shall apply to all motions * * * except
as otherwise provided herein.
(Emphasis added). Civ.R 6(E)1 provides, in pertinent part:
1
Civ.R. 6(E) has been commonly referred to as the “three-day mail rule,” the “three day mail[ing] rule,” or
the “mailbox rule.” See, e.g., Pulfer v. Pulfer (1996), 110 Ohio App.3d 90, 92, 673 N.E.2d 656; Clemons v.
Clemons, 4th Dist. No. 03CA5, 2003-Ohio-6210, ¶5; Frasca v. State Bd. of Chiropractic Examiners (July
30, 1998), 10th Dist. No. 97APE10-1387, at *4.
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(E) Time: additional time after service by mail
Whenever a party has the right or is required to do some act or
take some proceedings within a prescribed period after the
service of a notice or other paper upon him and the notice or paper
is served upon him by mail, three days shall be added to the
prescribed period.
(Emphasis added).
{¶11} In Harvey v. Hwang, the Ohio Supreme Court decided whether
Civ.R. 6(E) extended the time for filing a motion for a new trial under Civ.R.
59(B) and a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict under Civ.R. 50(B)
beyond fourteen (14) days after the entry of judgment when the judgment entry is
mailed to the parties. 103 Ohio St.3d 16, 2004-Ohio-4112, 812 N.E.2d 1275, ¶9.
The Ohio Supreme Court ultimately answered this question in the negative. Id. at
¶10.
{¶12} In reaching its decision, the Court in Harvey first noted that the clear
language of Civ.R. 50(B) and 59(B) both stated that the motions may be filed “not
later than fourteen days after the entry of judgment.” Id. at ¶11. The Court then
noted that the language of Civ.R. 6(E) specifically referred to taking action “within
a prescribed period after service”; whereas, Civ.R. 50(B) and 59(B) “provides
parties the right to file a motion for JNOV and to serve a motion for a new trial
within the prescribed period of 14 days after entry of judgment--not ‘within a
prescribed period after the service of a notice or other paper.”’ Id. at ¶12
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(emphasis in original). The Court went on to provide several examples of rules
wherein Civ.R. 6(E) would be applicable:
Civ.R. 12 supplies an example where Civ.R. 6(E) applies. Civ.R.
12(A)(1) provides, “The defendant shall serve his answer within
twenty-eight days after service of the summons and complaint
upon him.” (Emphasis added.) Civ.R. 12(A)(2) provides that a
party served with a pleading stating a cross-claim against him
shall serve an answer thereto within 28 days after the service
upon him of the pleading. Similarly, Civ.R. 15(A), governing
amended pleadings, provides that a party “shall plead in
response to an amended pleading within the time remaining for
response to the original pleading or within fourteen days after
service of the amended pleading, whichever period may be the
longer, unless the court otherwise orders.” (Emphasis added.)
See, also, Civ.R. 31(A) (providing a party the right to serve
cross-questions to depositions upon written questions within 21
days “after the notice and written questions are served”
[emphasis added]); Civ.R. 38(C) (allowing a party to demand a
jury trial on additional issues “within fourteen days after service
of the demand for jury trial on specified issues” [emphasis
added]).
Id. at ¶13. The Court also noted that its holding in Harvey—that Civ.R. 6(E) does
not extend Civ.R. 50(B) and 59(B)’s fourteen-day filing deadline—was consistent
with the greater weight of authority in Ohio, as well as its holding in Duganitz v.
Ohio Adult Parole Auth., wherein it held that Civ.R. 6(E) does extend Civ.R.
53(E)(3)(a)’s fourteen-day filing deadline for objections to a magistrate’s decision.
Id. at ¶¶16-17, citing Martin v. Lesko (1999), 133 Ohio App.3d 752, 756, 729
N.E.2d 839 (Civ.R. 6[E] does not extend time for filing an appeal from an
arbitration award where time runs from the date of “entry of the award”);
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Weissenberger’s Ohio Civil Procedure 2000 Litigation Manual (1999) 63
(“Properly construed, Rule 6[E] applies only to time periods that are triggered by
the service of a document or notice. Time periods that are triggered by acts other
than a service of a document or notice are not subject to the 3-day extension”); 1
Baldwin’s Ohio Practice: Klein & Darling, Civil Practice (1997) 604, Section AT
6-42 (“Rule 6[E] is limited to situations in which action is required after service of
a notice or other paper”); Duganitz (2001), 92 Ohio St.3d 556, 557, 751 N.E.2d
1058.
{¶13} In Martin v. Lesko—favorably cited by the Ohio Supreme Court in
Harvey, supra—the Court of Appeals for the Second District found that Civ.R.
6(E)’s three-day mail rule did not apply to Montgomery County Loc.R.
2.35(XI)(A), which provided that an appeal from an arbitration award “shall be
taken * * * within twenty-one (21) days after the entry of the award * * * on the
docket in the office of the Clerk of Courts.” (1999), 133 Ohio App.3d 752, 755,
729 N.E.2d 839; Harvey, 2008-Ohio-4112, at ¶16. The trial court in that case
determined that Lesko’s appeal, which was filed past Loc.R. 2.35(XI)(A)’s
twenty-one (21) day deadline, was untimely, and entered judgment based upon the
arbitration award. Martin, 133 Ohio App.3d at 755. Thereafter, Lesko moved for
relief from the trial court’s judgment pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(5), arguing, in
pertinent part, that his appeal was timely under Loc.R. 2.35(XI)(A) in light of
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Civ.R. 6(E). Id. The trial court disagreed and denied the motion; Lesko then
appealed. Id.
{¶14} On appeal, Lesko again argued that his notice of appeal from the
arbitration award was timely under Loc.R. 2.35(XI)(A) in light of Civ.R. 6(E). Id.
at 756. The appellate court, however, found that “the additional time period
provided for Civ.R. 6(E) applies only to periods of time commenced by the service
of a notice or paper upon the party against whom the time runs, and has no
application when the time period is commenced by the filing of a document with
the clerk of courts.” Id., citing Pogacsnik v. Jewett (July 29, 1992), 9th Dist. No.
91-CA-5216; Pulfer v. Pulfer (3d Dist. 1996), 110 Ohio App.3d 90, 92, 673
N.E.2d 656; Hucke v. Hucke (Aug. 31, 1990), 2nd Dist. No. 11882. The Court of
Appeals explained:
* * * the crucial question is, what is the event that triggers the
time period? Where, as in the case before us, that event is the
filing of a document with the clerk of courts, it is immaterial that
copies of that document, or other documents, are
contemporaneously required to be served upon the parties.
Where the triggering event is the service, by mail, of a paper
upon a party, Civ.R. 6(E) applies; where the triggering event is
the filing of a document, it does not apply.
Martin, 133 Ohio App.3d at 756.
{¶15} A cursory reading of appellate court decisions from our sister
districts might lead one to incorrectly conclude that Civ.R. 6(E) applies to Loc.R.
3.03. The Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Districts have stated, often in dicta,
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that Civ.R. 6(E)’s three-day mailing rule applies to the local rules of the trial
courts under their respective jurisdictions. See, e.g. Ferreri v. Plain Dealer
Publishing Co. (2001), 142 Ohio App.3d 629, 636, 756 N.E.2d 712 (Cuyahoga
County Common Pleas Loc. R. 11(C)); Barksdale v. Murtis H. Taylor Multi
Services Center, 8th Dist. No. 82540, 2003-Ohio-5653, ¶22 (same); Zeidler v.
D’Agostino, 8th Dist. No. 85161, 2005-Ohio-2738, ¶17 (same); Ohio Turnpike
Comm. v. Zayed, 8th Dist. No. 92980, 2009-Ohio-4203, ¶8 (Rocky River
Municipal Court Rules of Practice and Procedures, R. 29); Darulis v. City of
Cuyahoga Falls (June 23, 1993), 9th Dist. No. 15993, at *1 (Summit County
Court of Common Pleas Loc.R. 7.14(A)); Canady v. Rekau & Rekau, Inc., 10th
Dist. No. 09AP-32, 2009-Ohio-4974, ¶12, fn. 1 (Franklin County Court of
Common Pleas Loc.R. 21.01); U.S. Bank Nat. Assn. v. Morales, 11th Dist. No.
2009-P-0012, 2009-Ohio-5635, ¶27 (Portage Cty. Loc.R. 8.02). However, the
local rules at issue in those cases, unlike Loc.R. 3.03, provided time limitations
that commenced with service of notice or other papers for which Civ.R. 6(E)
would be applicable. See, e.g. Franklin County Court of Common Pleas Loc. R.
21.01 (“* * * The opposing counsel or a party shall serve any answer brief on or
before the 14th day after the date of service as set forth on the certificate of service
attached to the served copy of the motion. The moving party shall serve any reply
brief on or before the 7th day after the date of service as set forth on the certificate
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of service attached to the served copy of the answer brief.”) (emphasis added);
Portage County Court of Common Pleas Loc.R. 8.02 (“Any memorandum in
opposition to the motion shall be filed and served upon the movant fourteen (14)
days from the date the motion is served.”) (emphasis added). Therefore, even
assuming that the appellate courts’ statements concerning the application of Civ.R.
6(E) made in those cases were precedential and not mere dicta, this case is,
nonetheless, distinguishable from those cases as Loc.R. 3.03’s time limitation
commences from the date of filing.
{¶16} Similar to the provisions in Harvey, Martin, and Pulfer, Allen
County Loc.R. 3.03’s fourteen (14)-day deadline begins to run when the motion is
filed, not “within a prescribed period after the service of a notice or other paper.”
The fact that Wedemeyer was served with the motion by ordinary mail is not
dispositive. Martin, 133 Ohio App.3d at 756. Therefore, based upon the
aforegoing, Civ.R. 6(E) does not extend Loc.R. 3.03’s fourteen (14)-day filing
deadline.
{¶17} The Reunion Association filed its motion to dismiss on August 19,
2009. (Doc. No. 3). Pursuant to Loc.R. 3.03, Wedemeyer had fourteen (14) days
from that date (Aug. 19, 2009) to file his answer brief. Wedemeyer did not file his
answer brief until September 4, 2009, which was sixteen (16) days “after the day
on which the motion was filed.” Loc.R. 3.03; (Doc. No. 5). As such Wedemeyer’s
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answer brief was untimely under Loc.R. 3.03, and Civ.R. 6(E) did not extend the
filing deadline for the reasons stated above. Loc.R. 3.03 further provides that after
the fourteen (14)-day filing deadline, “the motion shall be deemed submitted to the
judge to whom the case is assigned”; and therefore, the trial court did not err in
ruling on the motion on September 3, 2009 (15 days after the filing of the motion)
without considering Wedemeyer’s untimely answer brief.
{¶18} For all these reasons, Wedemeyer’s third assignment of error is
overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. I
THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COMMITTED
REVERSIBLE ERROR IN GRANTING APPELLEE’S
MOTION TO DISMISS BY FINDING THAT THE COURT
LACKED JURISDICTION OVER THE SUBJECT MATTER.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. II
THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COMMITTED
REVERSIBLE ERROR IN GRANTING APPELLEE’S
MOTION TO DISMISS TO THE EXTENT IT WAS RULING
THAT THE COURT LACKED JURISDICTION OVER THE
PERSON.
{¶19} In his first assignment of error, Wedemeyer argues that the trial
court erred by determining that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction. Specifically,
Wedemeyer argues that the trial court had jurisdiction where a member of an
association organized for social purposes was expelled without due process and
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natural justice, which requires notice and hearing with the opportunity to defend
the charges levied against such member for expulsion.
{¶20} In his second assignment of error, Wedemeyer argues that, to the
extent the trial court’s judgment entry is interpreted as such, the trial court erred in
finding that it lacked personal jurisdiction. Wedemeyer, however, argues that the
trial court’s judgment entry clearly states that the basis of its decision is Civ.R.
12(B)(1), lack of subject matter jurisdiction, and not Civ.R. 12(B)(2), lack of
personal jurisdiction. Even so, Wedemeyer argues that the trial court can exercise
personal jurisdiction over the Reunion Association, because Article I, Section 2 of
the Reunion Association’s constitution and by-laws provides that it “shall have as
it[s] address for official correspondence the address of the Secretary or of the
treasurer as designated from time to time by the Executive Board,” and the
treasurer’s address is in Lima, Ohio.
{¶21} The Reunion Association argues that the trial court correctly
dismissed the complaint because the trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over it.
Specifically, the Reunion Association contends that the trial court does not have
personal jurisdiction because: the association was formed in Texas; the alleged
wrongful act occurred in Florida; no address has been provided for the Secretary;
no meetings have been held in Ohio, with the exception of a site-seeing reunion
which toured parts of Ohio; and the only connection it has with Ohio is the
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fortuitous fact that its treasurer has an Ohio address. Noticeably, the Reunion
Association does not argue that the trial court lacks subject matter jurisdiction.
{¶22} Although the trial court’s judgment entry is captioned “Civ.R.
12(B)(1)” and its legal citations involve subject matter jurisdiction, the trial court
stated the following when dismissing the complaint:
Plaintiff makes no allegation of fraud, arbitrariness, or
collusion. The complaint does not contain an allegation that the
cause of action arose in Ohio. The plaintiff does not allege that
the association did any act in Ohio. The plaintiff resides in
Georgia[,] and he does not allege that the alleged acts of
defendant caused any effects in Ohio.
Based on the allegations contained in the complaint and the
affidavit of Theis, it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED[,] and
DECREED that the plaintiff’s complaint fails [sic] raise a cause
of action cognizable by this Court. This Court has no power to
hear and decide this case on the merits.
(Sept. 3, 2009 JE, Doc. No. 4); (Oct. 7, 2009 JE, Doc. No. 11). Based upon these
statements, we find that the trial court relied upon three independent reasons for
dismissing the complaint: (1) a lack of subject matter jurisdiction; (2) failure to
state a claim upon which relief could be granted; and (3) a lack of personal
jurisdiction. We will address each of these grounds below, combining our
discussion of subject matter jurisdiction and failure to state a claim.
A. Subject-matter Jurisdiction & Failure to State a Claim
{¶23} Subject-matter jurisdiction “refers to the authority that a court has to
hear the particular claim brought to it and to grant the relief requested.” Valmac
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Industries, Inc. v. Ecotech Machinery, Inc. (2000), 137 Ohio App.3d 408, 412, 738
N.E.2d 873, citing Pennoyer v. Neff (1877), 95 U.S. 714, 24 L.Ed. 565. A Civ.R.
12(B)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be
granted, on the other hand, is procedural and tests the sufficiency of the complaint.
Davis v. Widman, 184 Ohio App.3d 705, 2009-Ohio-5430, 922 N.E.2d 272, ¶10,
citing State ex rel. Hanson v. Guernsey Cty. Bd. of Commrs. (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d
545, 548, 605 N.E.2d 378, citing Assn. for the Defense of the Washington Local
School Dist. v. Kiger (1989), 42 Ohio St.3d 116, 117, 537 N.E.2d 1292.
{¶24} Under Civ.R. 12(B)(1), lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, the
question of law is whether the plaintiff has alleged any cause of action for which
the court has authority to decide. McHenry v. Indus. Comm. (1990), 68 Ohio
App.3d 56, 62, 587 N.E.2d 414. Under Civ.R. 12(B)(6), failure to state a claim
upon which relief may be granted, the court must determine whether it appears
beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim
which would entitle him to relief. Guess v. Wilkinson (1997), 123 Ohio App.3d
430, 434, 704 N.E.2d 328. Unlike a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion, however, the court is
not confined to the allegations of the complaint when determining its subject
matter jurisdiction under Civ.R. 12(B)(1). Widman, 2009-Ohio-5430, at ¶10, citing
State ex rel. Fuqua v. Alexander (1997), 79 Ohio St.3d 206, 207, 680 N.E.2d 985;
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Southgate Dev. Corp. v. Columbia Gas Transmission Corp. (1976), 48 Ohio St.2d
211, 358 N.E.2d 526, paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶25} Whether a court has subject matter jurisdiction and whether a
complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted are questions of
law reviewed de novo. Burns v. Daily (1996), 114 Ohio App.3d 693, 683 N.E.2d
1164; RMW Ventures, L.L.C. v. Stover Family Invest., L.L.C., 161 Ohio App.3d
819, 2005-Ohio-3226, 832 N.E.2d 118, ¶8, citing Hunt v. Marksman Prod. (1995),
101 Ohio App.3d 760, 762, 656 N.E.2d 726. As such, this court may substitute,
without deference, its judgment for that of the trial court. Castlebrook, 78 Ohio
App.3d at 346.
{¶26} In State ex rel. Ohio High School Athletic Ass’n. v. Judges of the
Court of Common Pleas of Stark Cty. the Ohio Supreme Court stated:
‘The decisions of any kind of voluntary society or association in
disciplining suspending, or expelling members are of a quasi
judicial character. In such cases the courts never interfere
except to ascertain whether or not the proceeding was pursuant
to the rules and laws of the society, whether or not the
proceeding was in good faith, and whether or not there was
anything in the proceeding in violation of the laws of the land. *
* *’
(1962), 173 Ohio St. 239, 247, 181 N.E.2d 161, quoting 4 American
Jurisprudence, 472, Section 27. See, also, 6 Ohio Jurisprudence 3d Associations,
Section 4, Judicial supervision or intervention. The most recent Ohio Supreme
Court case addressing the jurisdiction of the courts in matters of quasi-judicial
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decisions of voluntary associations is Lough v. University Bowl, Inc. (1968), 16
Ohio St.2d 153, 243 N.E.2d 61. The appellees in that case participated as a team
and tied for first place in a bowling tournament conducted by the appellants,
Varsity Bowl, Inc., Harry Zavakos, and sanctioned by the American Bowling
Congress (“A.B.C.”). 16 Ohio St.2d at 153. Appellees were members of A.B.C.,
which is a voluntary nonprofit membership association. Id. Pursuant to A.B.C.
rules, each participant in the bowling tournament was required to report any
previous tournament winnings of $200 or more. Id. After discovering one of the
appellees did not report such winnings, appellant Zavakos disqualified the
appellees from the tournament. Id.
{¶27} Appellees appealed Zavakos’ decision to the executive committee of
the Clark County Bowling Association pursuant to A.B.C. rules of appeal. Id. The
committee conducted a hearing at which appellees were represented by counsel
and afforded the right to present evidence and cross-examine witnesses. Id. at 153-
54. Thereafter, a transcribed record from this hearing was sent to A.B.C., which
upheld Zavakos’ decision to disqualify appellees. Id. at 154.
{¶28} Thereafter, appellees filed a complaint in the Montgomery County
Court of Common Pleas seeking to obtain their prize money. Id. The trial court,
however, sustained a motion to dismiss, holding that it had no jurisdiction to
review A.B.C.’s quasi-judicial decision since A.B.C.’s rules vested it with
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exclusive and final jurisdiction over such matters. Id. Appellees appealed, and the
Court of Appeals reversed finding that the property rights involved in the case
distinguished it and brought the action outside the general rule that the quasi-
judicial decisions of associations will not be reviewed by the courts in the absence
of fraud, arbitrariness, or collusion. Id.
{¶29} Thereafter, the Ohio Supreme Court accepted the appeal to
determine “the jurisdictional requirement for judicial review of the decision of a
voluntary association involving property rights of its members, determined under
the constitution and rules of the association.” Id. The Ohio Supreme Court
ultimately determined that the trial court correctly dismissed the action. Id. at 156.
In reaching that conclusion, the Court in Lough first acknowledged the general
rule that “courts will not interfere with the quasi-judicial decisions of voluntary
associations unless such decisions are alleged and shown to be the result of fraud,
arbitrariness, or collusion.” Id. at 154, citing State ex rel. Ohio High School
Athletic Ass'n. v. Judges of Court of Common Pleas etc., (1962), 173 Ohio St. 239,
247, 181 N.E.2d 261; Boblitt v. Cleveland, C.C. & St. L. Ry. Co., (1943), 73 Ohio
App. 339, 56 N.E.2d 348; Hennekes v. Maupin, (1963), 119 Ohio App. 9, 192
N.E.2d 204; 6 American Jurisprudence 2d 454, Associations and Clubs, Section
27. The Court then noted that appellees had failed to allege any of these criteria to
invoke the trial court’s jurisdiction. Id. at 155.
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{¶30} The Court of Appeals, for its part, found that the proceedings of the
association were subject to judicial review because of the property rights involved
in this case. Id. at 154-55. The Court of Appeals cited to the following excerpt in
support of finding jurisdiction: “* * * the proceedings of the association are
subject to judicial review where there is fraud, oppression, or bad faith, or property
or civil rights are invaded * * *.” Id. at 155. The Ohio Supreme Court, however,
found that few of the cases cited in support of this rule of law actually stood for
the proposition as stated. Id. Instead, “these cases, almost without exception,
include the criteria which warrant jurisdiction under the general rule, such as
arbitrary action in violation of the constitution and rules of the association, or a
procedural scheme which is not in accord with due process.” Id., citations omitted
(emphasis added). Applying the foregoing rules to the facts of the case, the Court
in Lough concluded that:
The facts in the instant case fall within the rule, with which we
agree, that where the duly adopted laws of a voluntary
association provide for the final settlement of disputes among its
members, by a procedure not shown to be inconsistent with due
process, its action thereunder is final and conclusive and will not
be reviewed by the courts in the absence of arbitrariness, fraud,
or collusion. State ex rel. Ohio High School Athletic Ass'n. v.
Judges, supra; Gallagher v. Harrison, 86 Ohio App. 73, 88
N.E.2d 589; Boblitt v. Cleveland, C., C. & St. L. Ry. Co., supra.
The appellees have not properly alleged any of the criteria for
judicial review. It follows that the trial court was correct in
granting appellants’ motion to dismiss, and that the Court of
Appeals erred in reversing the judgment of the trial court.
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Id. at 155-56 (emphasis added).
{¶31} Consistent with the Ohio Supreme Court’s observation in Lough,
without exception, the aggrieved members in those cases following the general
rule of judicial restraint were afforded due process. For example, the penalized
members in State ex rel. Ohio High School Athletic Assn. were provided with a
hearing prior to the imposition of the imposed penalty and a rehearing after the
penalty’s imposition. 173 Ohio St. at 248. The Ohio Supreme Court in that case
noted:
The respondents do not allege any mistake, fraud or collusion.
The complaint of the respondents is that the penalty imposed by
the association is too harsh. There is no allegation that it is
arbitrary or any contention that it is not one provided for by the
constitution and rules of the association. In fact, the
uncontroverted allegations, that a hearing was held, that,
following the imposition of penalty, a rehearing was granted,
that everybody who wanted to be heard was heard, and that the
penalty was affirmed, indicate that in no way was the action
arbitrary.
Id. (emphasis added). Likewise, the aggrieved members in Paddock Hodge Co. v.
Grain Dealers’ Nat. Ass’n; Boblitt v. Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis
Ry. Co.; and International Union of Steam and Operating Engineers v. Owens—
cases favorably cited by the Ohio Supreme Court in State ex rel. Ohio High School
Athletic Ass’n.— were all afforded notice and an opportunity to be heard. (1921),
18 Ohio App. 66; (1943), 73 Ohio App. 339, 56 N.E.2d 348; (1928), 119 Ohio St.
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94, 162 N.E. 386. See, also, Gotsis v. Lorain Cty. Med. Soc. (Oct. 16, 1974), 9th
Dist. No. 2204, at *2 (aggrieved member was afforded written notice of charges, a
hearing before a board of his peers; at the hearing the aggrieved member had a
right to counsel, to be heard in his own defense, to present evidence, to cross-
examine witnesses; aggrieved member was further afforded a right of appeal).
{¶32} On the other hand, courts have exercised jurisdiction in those cases
where the aggrieved member(s) of a voluntary association were not afforded due
process. As aptly stated by the Court of Appeals in Bay v. Anderson Hills, Inc., “a
member who an association seeks to expel is entitled to due process and natural
justice which requires reasonable notice and hearing with the opportunity to
defend the charges. Courts will intervene where a denial of same has occurred in
the expulsion of a member of an association organized for social purposes.”
(1984), 19 Ohio App.3d 136, 137, 483 N.E.2d 491, citing Normali v. C.A.L.U.
(1974), 39 Ohio App.2d 25, 315 N.E.2d 482; Milkie v. Academy of Medicine
(1969), 18 Ohio App.2d 44, 246 N.E.2d 598; Schwartz v. St. Elizabeth Roman and
Greek Catholic Union (1907), 9 Ohio C.C. (N.S.) 337, 19 Ohio C.D. 471; Cheney
v. Ketcham (1898), 5 Ohio N.P. 139, 7 Ohio Dec. 183. The Court in Normali v.
C.A.L.U. further explained the origins and scope of the aggrieved member’s rights:
A member of a private association may not be expelled without
due process. This right is derived not from the Constitution but
rather from a theory of ‘Natural Justice.’ Milkie v. Academy of
Medicine (1969), 18 Ohio App.2d 44, 246 N.E.2d 598. Due
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process in this respect is comprised of three basic elements: (1)
absence of bad faith, (2) compliance with the constitution and
by-laws of the association, and (3) natural justice.
39 Ohio App.2d at 28. “Natural justice” requires “that any gaps in the rules as to
the procedure of the association or its tribunal should be filled by the adoption of
fair methods, with a reasonable regard to the generally accepted main principles of
parliamentary law.” Milkie, 18 Ohio App.2d at 49. “Where there has been a denial
of due process and natural justice, the legal status of the member has not been
changed.” Id. at 50. See, also, 6 Ohio Jurisprudence 3d Associations, Section 9,
Expulsion of members—Requirement of due process.
{¶33} Based upon these aforementioned cases, we conclude that the facts
of this case, as alleged in the complaint, fall outside the general rule of judicial
restraint. Although Wedemeyer failed to allege fraud or collusion, as observed by
the trial court, he alleged that he “was not provided reasonable notice and hearing
with an opportunity to defend against the charges prior to his expulsion.”
(Complaint, Doc. No. 1, at ¶8). Additionally, Garry Theis, the Reunion
Association’s treasurer, averred in his affidavit that:
[Wedemeyer] was voted out of the organization by a unanimous
vote at our annual meeting in May, 2009, at the Crowne Plaza
Hotel in Jacksonville, Florida. He was voted out because of his
aberrant and alarming behavior which necessitated the hiring of
a private security guard, and on-duty Jacksonville police officer,
to keep him away. After he was voted out, his dues were
refunded by letter which he did not claim at the postoffice [sic].
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(Theis Aff., Doc. No. 3, attached). Although it appears that Wedemeyer may have
been in Jacksonville, Florida for the Reunion Association’s May 2009 annual
meeting, it does not appear that Wedemeyer had notice and an opportunity to be
heard before the Reunion Association expelled him from their membership. In
fact, according to Theis’ affidavit, the Reunion Association hired a security guard
for the very purpose of excluding Wedemeyer. (Id.). Therefore, unlike the
aggrieved members in those cases where courts have declined jurisdiction, it
appears from the complaint and Theis’ affidavit that Wedemeyer was not afforded
a procedure consistent with basic due process and natural justice prior to his
expulsion. Additionally, we find that Wedemeyer’s allegation that he was denied
due process, if not an independent basis for exercising jurisdiction, sufficiently
alleges that the association’s act of expelling him was arbitrary, which is a ground
for exercising jurisdiction. Lough, 16 Ohio St.2d at 155-56, citing State ex rel.
Ohio High School Athletic Ass'n., 173 Ohio St. at 247; Boblitt, 73 Ohio App. 339;
Maupin, 119 Ohio App. 9; 6 American Jurisprudence 2d 454, Associations and
Clubs, Section 27. As such, the trial court had subject matter jurisdiction over
Wedemeyer’s complaint and erred in finding otherwise.
{¶34} The trial court also erred in finding that Wedemeyer failed to state a
claim upon which relief could be granted. A member of a voluntary association
who was expelled without due process may be awarded damages for the wrongful
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expulsion. Bay, 19 Ohio App.3d at 137. Additionally, a court proceeding in equity
may compel the association to afford the aggrieved member due process rights
provided in the association’s constitution or bylaws, and the court may enjoin an
association from excluding the wrongfully expelled member from its activities
since the member’s legal status was never changed by the association’s wrongful
expulsion. Owens, 119 Ohio St. at 99-100; Milkie, 18 Ohio App.2d at 50. As such,
we cannot conclude that Wedemeyer’s complaint fails to state a claim upon which
relief could be granted, and the trial court erred in concluding otherwise.
{¶35} For all these reasons, we sustain Wedemeyer’s first assignment of
error.
B. Personal Jurisdiction
{¶36} As an additional basis for dismissing the complaint, the trial court
stated reasons that it lacked personal jurisdiction over the Reunion Association.
{¶37} Once a defendant moves to dismiss a complaint for lack of personal
jurisdiction under Civ.R. 12(B)(2), the burden shifts to the plaintiff to establish
jurisdiction over the nonresident defendant. Hercules Tire & Rubber Co. v.
Murphy (1999), 133 Ohio App.3d 97, 100, 726 N.E.2d 1080, citing Giachetti v.
Holmes (1984), 14 Ohio App.3d 306, 471 N.E.2d 165. When a court determines
personal jurisdiction without an evidentiary hearing, it must “view allegations in
the pleadings and documentary evidence in the light most favorable to the non-
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Case No. 1-09-57
moving party” and “resolv[e] all reasonable competing inferences” in favor of the
non-moving party. Goldstein v. Christiansen (1994), 70 Ohio St.3d 232, 236, 638
N.E.2d 541; Giachetti, 14 Ohio App.3d at 307. The plaintiff is only required to
make a prima facie showing of personal jurisdiction when no evidentiary hearing
is held. Giachetti, 14 Ohio App.3d at 307. In order to make a prima facie showing
of personal jurisdiction, “the plaintiff must provide sufficient evidence to allow
reasonable minds to conclude that personal jurisdiction exists over the defendant.”
Parshall v. PAID, Inc., 10th Dist. No. 07AP-1019, 2008-Ohio-3171, ¶9, citing
Goldstein, 70 Ohio St.3d at 236; Giachetti, 14 Ohio App.3d at 307. If the plaintiff
demonstrates a prima facie case for personal jurisdiction, the trial court shall not
dismiss the complaint before it holds an evidentiary hearing. Id. Whether personal
jurisdiction exists is a question of law that we review de novo. Joffe v. Cable Tech,
Inc., 163 Ohio App.3d 479, 2005-Ohio-4930, 839 N.E.2d 67, ¶10.
{¶38} Whether an Ohio court has personal jurisdiction over a nonresident
defendant, depends upon: (1) whether R.C. 2307.382(A), Ohio’s long-arm statute,
and Civ.R. 4.3 permit the court to assert personal jurisdiction; and, if so, (2)
whether bringing the defendant within the jurisdiction of the Ohio courts would
violate traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice under the Due
Process Clause. Parshall at ¶10, citing Goldstein, 70 Ohio St.3d at 235, citing U.S.
Sprint Communications Co., Ltd. Partnership v. Mr. K’s Foods (1994), Inc., 68
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Ohio St.3d 181, 183-84, 624 N.E.2d 1048. This two-step analysis is required
because the long-arm statute does not give Ohio courts jurisdiction to the limits of
the Due Process Clause. Parshall at ¶10, citing Goldstein, 70 Ohio St.3d at 238,
fn. 1; Joffe, 2005-Ohio-4930, at ¶11; State ex rel. Atty. Gen. v. Grand Tobacco,
171 Ohio App.3d 551, 2007-Ohio-418, 871 N.E.2d 1255, ¶14.
{¶39} Ohio’s long-arm statute, R.C. 2307.382, outlines specific activities
that allow Ohio courts to exert personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant.
Parshall at ¶11, citing Joffe at ¶12, citing U.S. Sprint, 68 Ohio St.3d at 184.
Civ.R. 4.3(A), which permits out-of-state service of process on a defendant to
confer personal jurisdiction is coextensive with R.C. 2307.382, and the two
provisions “complement each other.” Parshall at ¶12, citing Joffe at ¶12, citing
Kentucky Oaks Mall Co. v. Mitchell’s Formal Wear, Inc. (1990), 53 Ohio St.3d
73, 75, 559 N.E.2d 477; U.S. Sprint, 68 Ohio St.3d at 184. When deciding
whether the defendant is within the long-arm statute’s reach, the court should
consider three factors:
(1) the defendant must purposefully avail itself of the privilege
of acting in the forum state or causing a consequence in the
forum state; (2) the cause of action must arise from the
defendant’s activities there; and (3) the acts or consequence of
the defendant must have a substantial enough connection with
the forum state to make the exercise of jurisdiction over the
defendant reasonable.
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Case No. 1-09-57
Id., citing Krutowsky v. Simonson (1996), 109 Ohio App.3d 367, 370, 672 N.E.2d
219, quoting Cincinnati Art Galleries v. Fatzie (1990), 70 Ohio App.3d 696, 699,
591 N.E.2d 1336.
{¶40} Consistent with the Due Process Clause, a court may exercise two
different types of personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant: specific or
general. Parshall at ¶23, citing Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia v. Hall
(1984), 466 U.S. 408, 414, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404. “Specific jurisdiction
exists when a plaintiff’s cause of action is related to, or arises out of, the
defendant’s contact with the forum state.” Id. “Conversely, general jurisdiction
exists when a court exercises personal jurisdiction over a defendant in a cause of
action that does not arise out of or relate to the defendant’s contacts with the
forum state.” Parshall at ¶23, citing Joffe at ¶27.
{¶41} Specific jurisdiction depends on the “‘relationship among the
defendant, the forum, and the litigation,’” which requires that the court determine
whether the defendant has “purposefully established minimum contacts within the
forum State” and whether “the litigation results from alleged injuries that ‘arise
out of or relate to’ those activities.” Parshall at ¶24, citing Helicopteros, 466 U.S.
at 414, quoting Shaffer v. Heitner (1977), 433 U.S. 186, 204, 97 S.Ct. 2569, 53
L.Ed.2d 683; Burger King Corp. v. Redzewicz (1985), 471 U.S. 462, 472, 476, 105
S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528. “ ‘Minimum contacts’ has been defined as conduct
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Case No. 1-09-57
which creates a substantial connection to the forum state, creates continuing
obligations between a defendant and a resident of the forum, or conducting
significant activities within a state.” Hercules Tire & Rubber Co., 133 Ohio
App.3d at 101, citing McGee v. Internatl. Life Ins. Co. (1957), 355 U.S. 220, 223,
78 S.Ct. 199, 2 L.Ed.2d 223; Travelers Health Assn. v. Virginia (1950), 339 U.S.
643, 648, 70 S.Ct. 927, 94 L.Ed. 1154; Burger King, 471 U.S. at 476.
{¶42} If the court determines that the defendant has the necessary
minimum contacts within the forum state for specific jurisdiction, the court must
then determine whether asserting personal jurisdiction over the defendant would
“offend ‘traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.’” Parshall at ¶25,
quoting Internatl. Shoe Co. v. Washington (1945), 326 U.S. 310, 320, 66 S.Ct.
154, 90 L.Ed. 95, quoting Milliken v. Meyer (1940), 311 U.S. 457, 463, 61 S.Ct.
339, 85 L.Ed. 278. The court must evaluate “‘the burden on the defendant,’ ‘the
forum State’s interest in adjudicating the dispute,’ ‘the plaintiff’s interest in
obtaining convenient and effective relief,’ ‘the interstate judicial system’s interest
in obtaining the most efficient resolution of controversies,’ and the ‘shared interest
of the several States in furthering fundamental substantive social policies.’” Id.,quoting Burger King, 471 U.S. at 477, quoting World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v.
Woodson (1980), 444 U.S. at 286, 292, 100 S.Ct. 559, 62 L.Ed. 2d 490.
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{¶43} In order for a court to exercise general jurisdiction over a
nonresident defendant, the defendant must have “continuous and systematic”
contacts with the forum state. Parshall at ¶27, citing Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at
416. General jurisdiction requires that the defendant have “‘a greater amount of
contacts’” than specific jurisdiction. Id., citing Joffe at ¶37, quoting Charlesworth
v. Marco Mfg. Co. (N.D.Ind.1995), 878 F.Supp. 1196. General jurisdiction
requires contacts with the forum state that are “‘so substantial and of such a nature
as to justify suit against [the defendant] on causes of action arising from dealings
entirely distinct from those activities.’” Joffe at ¶37, citing Gallert v. Courtaulds
Packaging Co., Inc. (S.D. Ind. 1998), 4 F.Supp.2d 825, 831, quoting Internatl.
Shoe, 326 U.S. at 318.
{¶44} As an initial matter, this Court is limited to reviewing the allegations
in Wedemeyer’s complaint and Treasurer Theis’ affidavit submitted in support of
the Reunion Association’s motion to dismiss since we determined that
Wedemeyer’s answer brief (with his attached affidavit and other documents) was
untimely filed with the trial court, and as such, was not considered by the trial
court. (Doc. Nos. 1, 3); See, e.g., Litva v. Richmond, 172 Ohio App.3d 349, 2007-
Ohio-3499, 874 N.E.2d 1243, ¶18 (‘“Despite the fact that appellate courts review
summary judgment decisions de novo, ‘[t]he parties are not given a second chance
to raise arguments that they should have raised below.’” As such, an appellate
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Case No. 1-09-57
court must limit its review of a summary judgment to that which was on record
before the trial court.).
{¶45} This Court must also reject Wedemeyer’s argument on appeal that
the Reunion Association is an Ohio resident for jurisdictional purposes, because its
treasurer’s address is in Ohio and the Reunion Association’s constitution and by-
laws provide that, as designated from time to time by the executive board, the
association “shall have as its address for official correspondence the address of the
Secretary or of the Treasurer.” To begin with, Wedemeyer failed to raise this
argument below by failing to timely file his answer brief, and, even if it were
timely, Wedemeyer did not raise this issue in his answer brief. (Doc. No. 4).
Although Wedemeyer argued that the Reunion Association had a “substantial
presence in Ohio,” he never argued that the association was a resident of Ohio for
jurisdictional purposes as he now argues. (Id.); (Appellant’s Brief at 6). As such,
we find that Wedemeyer has waived this argument on appeal. Finally,
Wedemeyer fails to provide this Court with any law upon which his argument is
based as required by App.R. 16(A)(7). On the other hand, Treasurer Theis’
affidavit states, in pertinent part, that the Reunion association: has approximately
1,000 members who live all across the United States; was organized in Corpus
Christi, Texas but never formally chartered; erected a monument in Jacksonville,
Florida; never held any meetings in Ohio; and meetings planned for the future
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Case No. 1-09-57
would not be in Ohio. (Theis’ Aff., Doc. No. 3, attached). Theis further averred
that he was the only association officer living in Ohio, and that Wedemeyer was
voted out of the association at its annual meeting in Jacksonville, Florida. (Id.).
On the basis of this record, we will treat the Reunion Association as a nonresident
defendant for jurisdictional purposes.
{¶46} Viewing the allegations made in Wedemeyer’s complaint in his
favor, we conclude that he has failed to make a prima facie showing of personal
jurisdiction such that reasonable minds would conclude that personal jurisdiction
exists over the Reunion Association. Goldstein, 70 Ohio St.3d at 236; Giachetti,
14 Ohio App.3d at 307. As the trial court noted, the complaint fails to allege that
any cause of action arose in Ohio, that the association did any act in Ohio, or that
the association’s acts caused any effects in Ohio. (Complaint, Doc. No. 1). The
complaint fails to state any ground for which the trial court could exercise
jurisdiction pursuant to the long-arm statute, R.C. 2307.382, or Civ.R. 4.3. (Id.).
Therefore, personal jurisdiction cannot be exercised on that basis.
{¶47} Next, we must decide whether the trial court could exercise
jurisdiction over the Reunion Association beyond that provided in the long-arm
statute or Civ.R. 4.3 consistent with the Due Process Clause. Parshall at ¶10,
citing Goldstein, 70 Ohio St.3d at 238, fn. 1; Joffe, 2005-Ohio-4930, at ¶11;
Grand Tobacco, 2007-Ohio-418, at ¶14. (Further inquiry is required because the
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long-arm statute does not give Ohio courts jurisdiction to the limits of the Due
Process Clause.). We find that the trial court could not exercise specific personal
jurisdiction over the Reunion Association. To begin with, the complaint does not
allege any “action [that] is related to, or arises out of, the defendant’s contact with
the forum state,” for which the trial court could not have exercised specific
jurisdiction over the Reunion Association. Parshall at ¶23, citing Helicopteros,
466 U.S. at 414. Furthermore, a court may exercise specific jurisdiction only
when the defendant has purposefully established minimum contacts with the
forum state. Parshall at ¶24, citing Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 414, quoting Shaffer,
433 U.S. at 204; Burger King, 471 U.S. at 472. Minimum contacts require
“conduct which creates a substantial connection to the forum state, creates
continuing obligations between a defendant and a resident of the forum, or
conducting significant activities within a state.” Hercules Tire & Rubber Co., 133
Ohio App.3d at 101, citing McGee, 355 U.S. at 223; Travelers Health Assn., 339
U.S. at 648; Burger King, 471 U.S. at 476. The only connection the Reunion
Association has with Ohio discernable from the complaint and Theis’ affidavit is
that its treasurer resides here. Although the complaint states that the Reunion
Association’s constitution and by-laws provides that the association “shall have as
its address for official correspondence the address of the Secretary or of the
Treasurer as designated from time to time by the Executive Board,” the complaint
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Case No. 1-09-57
does not state that the Executive Board, in fact, designated the Treasurer’s address
for such purposes. (Complaint, Doc. No. 1, at ¶3). Even assuming the executive
board designated the treasurer’s address as the association’s address, that fact, in
and of itself, is not a “substantial connection” with Ohio such that we could
conclude in this case that the association had minimum contacts with Ohio.
{¶48} Additionally, asserting specific personal jurisdiction over the
Reunion Association offends traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.
Internatl. Shoe Co., 326 U.S. at 320, quoting Milliken, 311 U.S. at 463; Burger
King, 471 U.S. at 477, quoting World-Wide Volkswagen, 444 U.S. at 292. The
burden on the association to defend the action would be great; Ohio’s interest is
minimal as the cause of action accrued in Florida and does not involve an Ohio
resident; the plaintiff’s interest in obtaining convenient and effective relief is not
furthered by asserting personal jurisdiction over the defendant in Ohio; and
asserting personal jurisdiction in Ohio does not further the shared interest of the
several states in accomplishing justice or the most efficient resolution of
controversies. See id. Therefore, the trial court could not exercise specific
personal jurisdiction over the Reunion Association consistent with the Due
Process Clause. Furthermore, the trial court could not exercise general personal
jurisdiction over the Reunion Association since general personal jurisdiction
requires that the defendant have “a greater amount of contacts” than specific
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jurisdiction. Joffe at ¶37, quoting Charlesworth v. Marco Mfg. Co.
(N.D.Ind.1995), 878 F.Supp. 1196.
{¶49} For all the aforementioned reasons, the trial court did not err by
dismissing the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction. Wedemeyer’s second
assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.
C. Conclusion
{¶50} Since the trial court had subject matter jurisdiction, and the
complaint stated a claim upon which relief could be made, we sustain
Wedemeyer’s first assignment of error. However, “[a] judgment by the trial court
which is correct, but for a different reason, will be affirmed on appeal as there is
no prejudice to the appellant.” Widman, 2009-Ohio-5430, at ¶16, citations omitted.
Wedemeyer has suffered no prejudice from the trial court’s erroneous legal
conclusions with respect to assignment of error one, because the trial court
properly dismissed the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction.
{¶51} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant herein in the
particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Judgment Affirmed
ROGERS and SHAW, J.J., concur.
/jlr
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