State v. McIntosh

[Cite as State v. McIntosh, 2018-Ohio-51.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
SCIOTO COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, : Case Nos. 17CA3792
17CA3801
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
v. : DECISION AND JUDGMENT
ENTRY
CHRISTOPHER J. MCINTOSH, :
RELEASED: 01/03/2018
Defendant-Appellant. :
APPEARANCES:
Darren L. Meade, Parks and Meade, L.L.C., Columbus, Ohio, for appellant.
Mark E. Kuhn. Scioto County Prosecuting Attorney, and Jay Willis, Scioto County
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Portsmouth, Ohio, for appellee.
Harsha, J.
{¶1} After Christopher McIntosh entered a guilty plea to various criminal
charges, the trial court sentenced him to prison. McIntosh claims that his guilty plea is
invalid for two separate reasons.
{¶2} Initially, he claims that his plea is invalid because the trial court failed to
substantially comply with Crim.R. 11 by not explicitly advising him that the mandatory
four-year term of his prison sentence rendered him ineligible for community control.
However, he concedes the trial court partially complied with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) by
advising him during his change-of-plea hearing that he would receive a four-year
mandatory prison term for his second-degree felony conviction for aggravated
possession of drugs. Furthermore, at the end of the sentencing hearing McIntosh
confirmed with the court that the initial four years of his sentence would be mandatory
prison time. And McIntosh cites no evidence that if the trial court had taken greater care
in advising him about his mandatory prison term and consequent ineligibility for
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 2
community control, he would not have entered his guilty plea to the charges. We reject
his first claim.
{¶3} Next McIntosh asserts that his plea is invalid because it was not voluntary,
i.e. the trial court and the state improperly induced him to make the plea in order to
allow his girlfriend to avoid a harsher sentence. Although this form of plea bargaining
presents the accused with unpleasant alternatives, it is not unconstitutionally coercive
as long as the state acts in good faith. Therefore, courts have consistently upheld pleas
against claims of involuntariness due to coercion where the state offered lenient
treatment to a person other than the defendant. McIntosh did not establish that his plea
was involuntary.
{¶4} Therefore, we overrule McIntosh’s assignments of error and affirm his
convictions and sentence.
I. FACTS
{¶5} In Scioto C.P. Case No. 16CR411, the Scioto County Grand Jury returned
an indictment charging Christopher McIntosh with two counts of aggravated trafficking in
drugs, one count of trafficking in drugs, two counts of aggravated possession of drugs,
one count of possession of drugs, one count of having weapons while under disability,
and one count of receiving stolen property, with firearm and forfeiture specifications for
the drug charges and a forfeiture specification for the having weapons while under
disability charge.
{¶6} In Scioto C.P. Case No. 16CR617(A) and (B), the Scioto County Grand
Jury returned an indictment charging McIntosh and his girlfriend, Tammy Criteser, with
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 3
two counts of aggravated trafficking in drugs, with accompanying forfeiture
specifications, and one count of possession of drugs.
{¶7} After initially pleading not guilty, McIntosh executed written waivers of his
rights to a jury trial and pleaded guilty to one count of aggravated possession of drugs,
a second-degree felony, with a forfeiture specification, one count of having weapons
while under disability, and one count of receiving stolen property in Case No. 16CA411;
he also pled guilty to one count of aggravated possession of drugs with a forfeiture
specification in Case No. 16CA617(A). In a written form entitled “MAXIMUM
PENALTY,” McIntosh and his trial counsel certified that he understood that the
maximum penalty for his second-degree felony of aggravated possession of drugs in
Case No. 16CA411 included a maximum prison term of eight years, and that this prison
term was both “mandatory” and “presumed necessary.” The form also stated that “[i]f
this court is not required by law to impose a prison sanction, it may impose a community
control sanction or non-prison sanction upon you.” The form advised that “[c]ourt costs,
restitution and other financial sanctions including probation fees may be imposed,” with
the term “probation fees” typed into a blank on the waiver form.
{¶8} The trial court then held a hearing on McIntosh’s request to change his
plea in Case Nos. 16CA411 and 16CR617(A). At the outset of the hearing the state
noted that McIntosh was facing a potential prison term of 26 ½ years on the indictments,
but that it had made a plea offer for him to receive a prison term of eight years, with four
of those years being mandatory, that he would thereafter be eligible for early release,
and if he pleaded guilty, the state would recommend community control for his girlfriend,
Criteser, in Case No. 16CR617(B).
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 4
{¶9} McIntosh’s trial counsel informed the trial court that he had conveyed the
state’s offer and that McIntosh said he would be willing to accept it if he were allowed
out on bail for 20 days. However, the court indicated it was not willing to release him on
bail. At that point the following exchange occurred:
MR. MEARAN: So sir, is it your desire then not to accept the offer made
knowing that you’re not going to get out and knowing that you’re facing 26
-- possibility of 26 years?
DEFENDANT MCINSTOSH: It’s not my desire to -- I accept the offer but I
would like to speak to my family members and let them know the offer
presented to me this day.
MR. MEARAN: Sir, I gave you that offer two days ago, tried to even call
your family two days ago, so I don’t think that there’s any more time left.
We either accept it now or we go to trial.
DEFENDANT MCINSTOSH: May I -- may I request 24 hours, please.
MR. KUHN: We’ve already got people scheduled in on this, Your Honor.
I’ve got prep to do. To be honest, it’d be less work on me just to go ahead
and try the case. If he wants to accept it today, I made the offer and I’ll
leave it open to both of them, but otherwise, I’ve waited long enough. We
should have done this last week.
***
DEFENDANT MCINTOSH: * * * I did not get in touch with my love[d] ones
at this time. I will definitely do so tonight. I can contact Mr. Mearan first
thing in the morning. Mr. Kuhn, Judge Marshall, please, I ask you to give
me that one day, 24 hours.
MR. KUHN: We’re ready to go ahead and withdraw the offer, Your Honor.
I’ve waited long enough.
***
THE COURT: So * * * you take it now or you’ve lost it forever, and if you
don’t take the offer and she’s found guilty, her offer is off the table too and
she doesn’t get Star. Ms. Criteser, do you understand the offer?
DEFENDANT CRITESER: Yes, I do.
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 5
THE COURT: Okay. You understand it’s being withdrawn based on Mr.
McIntosh’s decision?
DEFENDANT CRITESER: I understand, but I -- I don’t like it.
THE COURT: I -- I wouldn’t like it either, but I’d man-up.
DEFENDANT MCINTOSH: I don’t have a choice.
MR. MEARAN: You want to take the offer?
DEFENDANT MCINSTOSH: I have no choice.
MR. MEARAN: You don’t. Do we have the waivers?
THE COURT: You’re accepting the offer, sir?
DEFENDANT: I have no choice, Your Honor. I --
THE COURT: You either say I’m accepting it or I’m not accepting it.
DEFENDANT: I have -- yes, I have to accept it.
{¶10} The trial court then proceeded to summarize the parties’ plea agreement
and ultimately received an affirmative response from McIntosh that the court’s summary
was his understanding of the plea agreement:
THE COURT: * * * The record will reflect we’re here on 16CR411 and
16CR617(A), both captioned State of Ohio versus Christopher McIntosh.
It’s the Court’s understanding on case number * * * 16CR411 he’s
changing his plea on Count 4 to guilty for the charge of Aggravated
Possession of Drugs, on Count 7 is -- the same case number, pleading
guilty to Count 7 Weapon Under Disability, and Count 8 Receiving Stolen
Property. On case number 16CR617 he’s changing his plea to guilty on
the case of Aggravated Possession of Drugs.
Now the record should further reflect it’s a negotiated plea, pursuant to
section 2953.08(D) and Criminal Rule 11(F), on case number 16CR411 on
Count 4 Aggravated Possession of Drugs, he’ll receive a four year
mandatory prison term, with a forfeiture of $6,578.00. On Count 7
Weapon Under Disability, he’ll receive a 36 month prison term, with the
contraband to be destroyed, Count 8 Receiving Stolen Property, a 12
month prison term. Okay. Count 4 will be a -- as I said, four year
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 6
mandatory, and Count 7, 36 month non-mandatory, all running
consecutively with each other, for an eight year prison term, aggregate.
On case number 16CR617, Possession -- Aggravated Possession, he’ll
receive a 36 month non-mandatory prison term, which will run
concurrently with the other three cases.
Is that your understanding, Mr. Mearan?
*** (discussion about forfeiture of property)
MR. MEARAN: Yes.
MR. KUHN: Okay.
***
THE COURT: Okay. Mr. McIntosh, is this your understanding, sir?
DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.
(Emphasis added.)
{¶11} The trial court then engaged in an extended colloquy with McIntosh
asking if he understood the constitutional rights he was waiving by pleading guilty. The
trial court then again attempted to explain the maximum prison terms he faced:
THE COURT: Sir, the felonies of the third degree carry maximum prison
terms of thirty-six months, maximum fines of $10,000.00. The felony of
the second degree carries maximum prison term of eight years, maximum
term -- prison term -- maximum fine of $15,000.00. The felony of the
fourth degree, maximum prison term of 18 months, maximum fine of
$5,000.00, and you will be a[ss]essed the court cost. You understand
that?
DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.
{¶12} Shortly thereafter the trial court accepted a plea of guilty to the charges.
When asked by the court if he would like to say anything, McIntosh stated that he
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 7
wished “this never happened” and that he “accept[ed] responsibility” for his actions.
The trial court then proceeded to sentencing and imposed the agreed aggregate prison
sentence of eight years, with four years being mandatory. The following exchange
occurred at the conclusion of the sentencing hearing:
DEFENDANT: Your honor, may I ask --
THE COURT: Sure.
DEFENDANT: You said four years mandatory.
THE COURT: Right.
DEFENDANT: After the four years --
THE COURT: It’s non-mandatory.
DEFENDANT: -- it’s non-mandatory.
THE COURT: That means you’re eligible for judicial release, I believe at
four and one half years. Is that right, Mr. Kuhn?
MR. KUHN: I believe so, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Yeah. You’re eligible. I’m not saying I’m going to grant it,
but you’re eligible at -- for judicial release after serving four and one half
years. Okay?
DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.
THE COURT: All right.
{¶13} The trial court sentenced McIntosh to an aggregate prison term of eight
years, with four years being mandatory, and dismissed the remaining charges.
McIntosh appealed in both criminal cases, and we consolidated those cases for
purposes of briefing and decision.
II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶14} McIntosh assigns the following errors for our review:
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 8
I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANT
AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT FAILED TO PROPERLY
ADVISE APPELLANT OF THE MANDATORY PRISON TIME REQUIRED
FOR THE F2 DRUG POSSESSION COUNT AND THAT HE WAS
INELIGIBLE FOR COMMUNITY CONTROL, WHERE THE PLEA FORMS
STATED PRISON WAS BOTH MANDATORY AND PRESUMED
NECESSARY AND INDICATED COMMUNITY CONTROL WAS
POSSIBLE FOR APPELLANT, AND THE COURT FURTHER FAILED TO
EXPLICITLY STATE THE MANDATORY NATURE OF THE SENTENCE
WHEN ORALLY ADVISING OF THE MAXIMUM POTENTIAL
SENTENCE.
II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANT
BECAUSE APPELLANT’S PLEA WAS NOT MADE VOLUNTARILY
WHEN BOTH THE PROSECUTION AND THE COURT IMPROPERLY
INDUCED APPELLANT TO TAKE A PLEA DEAL TO ALLOW A THIRD
PARTY TO AVOID A HARSHER SENTENCE.
III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
{¶15} “ ‘When a defendant enters a plea in a criminal case, the plea must be
made knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. Failure on any of those points renders
enforcement of the plea unconstitutional under both the United States Constitution and
the Ohio Constitution.’ ” State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St. 3d 176, 2008-Ohio-5200, 897
N.E.2d 621, ¶ 7, quoting State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St. 3d 525, 527, 660 N.E.2d 450
(1996). When we determine whether a guilty plea was entered knowingly, intelligently,
and voluntarily, we conduct a de novo review of the record to ensure that the trial court
complied with the requisite constitutional and procedural safeguards. See State v.
Leonhart, 4th Dist. Washington No. 13CA38, 2014-Ohio-5601, ¶ 36, quoting State v.
Moore, 4th Dist. Adams No. 13CA965, 2014-Ohio-3024, ¶ 13.
IV. LAW AND ANALYSIS
A. Maximum Sentence and Ineligibility for Community Control
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 9
{¶16} In his first assignment of error McIntosh claims he did not knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily enter the guilty plea because the trial court failed to properly
advise him about his mandatory prison sentence, i.e. the fact that the mandatory four-
year prison term for the second-degree felony offense of aggravated possession of
drugs in Case No. 16CR411 rendered him ineligible for community control.
{¶17} “Crim.R. 11(C) governs the process that a trial court must use before
accepting a felony plea of guilty or no contest.” Veney, 120 Ohio St. 3d 176, 2008-Ohio-
5200, 897 N.E.2d 621, at ¶ 8. Before accepting a guilty plea in a felony case a trial court
must address the defendant personally and determine that “the defendant is making the
plea voluntarily, with understanding of the nature of the charges and of the maximum
penalty involved, and, if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible for probation or for
the imposition of community control sanctions at the sentencing hearing.” Crim.R.
11(C)(2)(a). The court must also inform the defendant of other matters under Crim.R.
11(C)(2)(b) and (c).
{¶18} This case involves the trial court's notification of nonconstitutional rights
under Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) for which substantial compliance is sufficient. A court has
substantially complied with this rule when, under the totality of the circumstances, the
defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the rights he is
waiving. Veney at ¶ 15, citing State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St. 3d 106, 108, 564 N.E.2d 474
(1990).
{¶19} A defendant who challenges his guilty plea on the basis that it was
involuntary must generally prove prejudice, which in this context means he must show
that he would not have entered the plea had he been properly informed. See Veney at
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 10
¶ 15. There is an exception to the prejudice requirement when the trial court completely
fails to comply with the rule; a complete failure to comply with the rule does not
implicate an analysis of prejudice. State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St. 3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748,
893 N.E.2d 462, ¶ 32
{¶20} It is true that during the trial court’s colloquy, it failed to explicitly inform
McIntosh that he would be ineligible for community control because of the mandatory
nature of his prison time for the second-degree felony count of aggravated possession
of drugs. Nevertheless, as McIntosh acknowledges on appeal, the trial court did not
completely fail to comply with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a). In summarizing the parties’ plea
agreement, the trial court twice emphasized that for the second-degree felony count of
aggravated possession of drugs in Case No. 16CR411, McIntosh would receive a four-
year mandatory prison term. And although there was an intervening conversation
concerning forfeiture of property, McIntosh eventually affirmatively stated that the trial
court’s summary of the parties’ agreement accurately reflected his understanding of it.
Moreover, dialogue between the court and McIntosh followed the state’s similar
summarization of the agreement as including a sentence of eight years in prison, with
four of those years being mandatory. Finally, the waiver form McIntosh executed for the
aggravated possession charge explicitly stated that his prison term was mandatory.
{¶21} Because of the court’s partial compliance, McIntosh must establish
prejudice in order to vacate his guilty plea, i.e., that he would not have pleaded guilty
had he known that his sentence included four years of mandatory prison time, which
rendered him ineligible for community control.
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 11
{¶22} Although he does not expressly assert that he would not have pleaded
guilty if he had been better informed, McIntosh cites State v. Hendrix, 12th Dist. Butler
No. CA2012-12-265, 2013-Ohio-4978. In Hendrix, the court invalidated a guilty plea
for a crime that carried a mandatory prison sentence for which the defendant was not
eligible for judicial release or earned credit. During the colloquy at the plea hearing, the
trial court “incorrectly advised [the defendant] that he could serve a shorter sentence
than the one ultimately imposed by the trial court, due to earned credit, and judicial
release, even though he was ineligible for either.” Id. at ¶ 32. The trial court’s colloquy
here, although far from perfect, did not include any misrepresentation that McIntosh
would serve a shorter sentence than the one imposed by the trial court due to
inapplicable earned credit or judicial release; instead, the trial court twice mentioned
that under the parties’ plea agreement, McIntosh would serve a mandatory four-year
prison term on the pertinent aggravated possession charge.
{¶23} He also cites State v. Silvers, 181 Ohio App. 3d 26 (2d Dist.), 2009-Ohio-
687, in support of his claim that his guilty plea was invalid. In Silvers, the court
invalidated the defendant’s guilty plea because the trial court failed to inform him at the
plea hearing that the written form he signed was incorrect insofar as it explicitly stated
that none of his prison sentence was mandatory and that he would be eligible for
community control upon the granting of judicial release. Conversely, the form here
expressly notified McIntosh that his prison term for the second-degree felony of
aggravated possession of drugs was mandatory; there was no representation in the
written form that the defendant was eligible for community control. We thus find both
Hendrix and Silvers to be distinguishable.
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 12
{¶24} Although the written form that McIntosh signed included statements
referring to community control “if the court is not required to impose a prison sentence,”
and his responsibility to pay any probation fees, this conditional language should not be
deemed inordinately confusing in the absence of any expression of doubt by the
defendant. Here there is no evidence or argument that he actually relied on this
wording when he entered his guilty plea. See, e.g., State v. Walters, 4th Dist. Adams
No. 15CA1009, 2016-Ohio-5783, ¶ 16 (“If Walters did not rely upon the guilty plea entry
form, then he cannot claim that the language in that entry caused his plea to be less
than knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. * * * in addition to the contested language, the
guilty plea entry form also * * * indicates that a prison term is mandatory”). McIntosh
responded that he understood after the trial court summarized the parties’ plea
agreement, including the mandatory four-year prison term for the aggravated
possession charge.
{¶25} Granted the trial court never advised McIntosh at the plea hearing that he
would be ineligible for community control because of his mandatory prison term.
However, a trial court substantially complies with the Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) requirement
that the defendant understand “that the defendant is not eligible for probation or for the
imposition of community control sanctions at the sentencing hearing” “when the court
informs a defendant that a mandatory prison sentence will be imposed and the
defendant subjectively understands that his sentence must include prison time.” See
State v. Spock, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99950, 2014-Ohio-606, ¶ 15, citing State v.
Brown, 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2003-G-2504, 2004-Ohio-1843, ¶ 13. “The reasoning is
that a defendant who understands that actual incarceration is mandatory necessarily
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 13
understands that he is ineligible for probation or community control sanctions and,
therefore, cannot demonstrate prejudice as a result of the court's failure to comply
literally with the rule.” Id.
{¶26} McIntosh cites his comments about the four-year mandatory portion of his
prison sentence at the conclusion of the sentencing hearing as additional evidence that
his plea was not valid. But it appears that McIntosh was seeking confirmation of the
mandatory period and the timing of his eligibility for judicial release. And after receiving
that confirmation, he did not express any indication that he wished to withdraw his plea.
{¶27} After considering the totality of the circumstances, McIntosh has not
established the requisite prejudice to invalidate his guilty plea. McIntosh cites no
evidence to establish that if the trial court had taken greater care in advising him during
his plea hearing about his mandatory-prison term and consequent ineligibility for
community control, he would not have entered his guilty plea to the charges. Rather,
the record reflects that he subjectively understood the nature of his sentence and the
fact that he would be required to serve a mandatory prison term before any form of relief
from incarceration was available. We overrule his first assignment of error.
B. Leniency to Third Party
{¶28} In his second assignment of error McIntosh asserts that his plea is invalid
because he did not make it voluntarily—the trial court and the state improperly induced
him to make the plea to allow his girlfriend to avoid a harsher sentence.
{¶29} A plea is not per se invalid if entered under a plea agreement that includes
leniency for a third party or in response to a prosecutor’s justifiable threat to prosecute a
third party if the plea is not entered. See generally U.S. v. Marquez, 909 F.2d 738, 741-
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 14
742 (2d Cir.1990). “The inclusion of a third-party benefit in a plea bargain is simply one
factor for a [trial] court to weigh in making the overall determination whether the plea is
voluntarily entered.” Id. at 742; see also U.S. v. Usher, 703 F.2d 956, 958 (6th
Cir.1983) (“A number of federal courts * * * have upheld pleas against assertions of
involuntariness due to coercion where the prosecution offered lenient treatment to a
person other than the defendant”). “Plea bargaining involving a third person may still
present an accused with unpleasant alternatives, but the resulting guilty plea is not
constitutionally involuntary if the state acts in good faith.” State v. Gibbs, 4th Dist.
Washington No. 96CA44, 1997 WL 341908, *4 (June 16, 1997).
{¶30} There is nothing in the record here evidencing any bad faith on the part of
the state. And although McIntosh repeatedly said that he had “no choice,” he also said
that he accepted the offer. His reluctance was not to the substance of the offer, but he
simply wanted more time to contact his family and loved ones before he had to go to
prison.
{¶31} To be sure, the trial court’s interjection that he would “man up” if he were
McIntosh is unseemly, but there is nothing to indicate that it impacted McIntosh’s
decision to accept the plea offer, where he otherwise faced a maximum of 26 ½ years in
prison on the charges. “Although strongly discouraged by the Ohio Supreme Court, a
trial judge's participation in plea negotiations does not render a defendant's plea invalid
per se under the Ohio and United States Constitutions.” State v. Davis, 4th Dist. Scioto
Nos. 13CA3589 and 13CA3593, 2014-Ohio-5371, ¶ 33, quoting State v. Jabbaar, 2013-
Ohio-1655, 991 N.E.2d 290 (8th Dist.), ¶ 26, citing State v. Byrd, 63 Ohio St. 2d 288,
293-294, 407 N.E.2d 1384 (1980). Instead, “a trial judge's participation in the plea
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 15
bargaining process must be carefully scrutinized to determine if the judge's intervention
affected the voluntariness of the defendant's guilty plea.” Byrd at 293. Generally, a
plea is involuntary and unconstitutional “if the judge's active conduct could lead a
defendant to believe he cannot get a fair trial because the judge thinks that a trial is a
futile exercise or that the judge would be biased against him at trial.” Id. at 293-294.
{¶32} Although the trial court’s statement was ill-advised, it did not lead
McIntosh to reasonably believe that he could not receive a fair trial because of futility or
bias. See Davis at ¶ 34.
{¶33} McIntosh affirmatively stated that he was satisfied with the efforts of his
attorney and that nobody had made any additional promises, threats, or inducements to
get him to change his plea to guilty. The trial court and the state informed him of his
eight-year aggregate prison sentence, including his four years of mandatory prison time.
The plea agreement, which saved him from facing trial on many other criminal charges
and a maximum potential prison time more than three times the aggregate period
imposed under the agreement, “indicates that the plea was the product of a shrewd,
intelligent and calculated bargain” rather than an involuntary action by McIntosh coerced
by the trial court and the state. See Usher, 703 F.2d at 958.
{¶34} Therefore, McIntosh has not established that his guilty plea was invalid
because of the plea agreement provision that his girlfriend, Criteser, receive community
control instead of a prison term. We overrule his second assignment of error.
V. CONCLUSION
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 16
{¶35} McIntosh has not established that his guilty plea was not made knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily. Having overruled his assignments of error, we affirm his
convictions and sentence.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Scioto App. Nos. 17CA3792 and 17CA3801 17
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT IS AFFIRMED and that Appellant shall pay the
costs.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Scioto
County Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.
IF A STAY OF EXECUTION OF SENTENCE AND RELEASE UPON BAIL HAS
BEEN PREVIOUSLY GRANTED BY THE TRIAL COURT OR THIS COURT, it is
temporarily continued for a period not to exceed sixty days upon the bail previously
posted. The purpose of a continued stay is to allow Appellant to file with the Supreme
Court of Ohio an application for a stay during the pendency of proceedings in that court.
If a stay is continued by this entry, it will terminate at the earlier of the expiration of the
sixty day period, or the failure of the Appellant to file a notice of appeal with the
Supreme Court of Ohio in the forty-five day appeal period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of
the Rules of Practice of the Supreme Court of Ohio. Additionally, if the Supreme Court
of Ohio dismisses the appeal prior to expiration of sixty days, the stay will terminate as
of the date of such dismissal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Hoover, J.: Concurs in Judgment and Opinion.
McFarland, J.: Concurs in Judgment Only.
For the Court
BY: ________________________
William H. Harsha, Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment
entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing
with the clerk.