State v. Lindsay

[Cite as State v. Lindsay, 2020-Ohio-105.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 108276
v. :
AARON LINDSAY, JR., :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: January 16, 2020
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case Nos. CR-17-622296-C, CR-17-622961-C, CR-18-624793-A, CR-18-625947-A,
CR-18-627504-A, CR-18-627844-B, CR-18-630756-B, and CR-18-632566-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and David Elias, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.
Mark A. Stanton, Cuyahoga County Public Defender, and
Robert McCaleb and Jeffrey Gamso, Assistant Public
Defenders, for appellant.
MARY J. BOYLE, P.J.:
Defendant-appellant, Aaron Lindsay, Jr., (“Lindsay”), appeals the
sentences that he received in eight cases. He raises one assignment of error for our
review:
The sentences imposed were contrary to law and violated due process
because the trial court’s failure to articulate its reasons is an abuse of
discretion which makes impossible any meaningful review and leads to
the appearance of arbitrariness.
Finding no merit to his arguments, we affirm.
I. Procedural History and Factual Background
Between October 30, 2017 and September 17, 2018, Lindsay was
indicted on 26 counts in eight cases.1 Lindsay initially pleaded not guilty to the
charges in each case.
In January 2019, however, the parties appeared in court for a change-
of-plea hearing. The state explained at the outset of the hearing that the plea offer
included “an agreed recommendation of all case numbers[,] incarceration time
being between 10 and 16 years at the court’s discretion.” The state then reviewed
the plea offer on the record.
The trial court stated, “I believe that as part of this plea agreement,
the defendant agrees that these are mandatory sentences, and that there will be no
1 The cases included Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-17-622296 (Oct. 30, 2017), Cuyahoga
C.P. No. CR-17-622961 (Nov. 17, 2017), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-624793 (Jan. 24, 2018),
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-625947 (Mar. 20, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-627504
(May 2, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-627844 (June 14, 2018), Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-
18-630756 (Aug. 10, 2018), and Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-18-632566 (Sept. 17, 2018).
opportunity for judicial release as well as agreeing to no contact with any of the
victims in these cases.” Also as part of the plea agreement, Lindsay agreed to pay
$251 to one of the victims. Defense counsel and the state agreed with the court that
its statement was accurate.
The trial court informed Lindsay that it was accepting the
recommended sentencing range, stating, “So, your sentence will be between 10 and
16 years, okay? So you have my assurance that I’m not going to go over that 16 years.
Okay?” Lindsay responded “yes” to the court’s questions.
The court stated that Lindsay was 21 years old. The court addressed
Lindsay and engaged in the required plea colloquy with him. Lindsay told the court
that he graduated from high school, was not under the influence of any drugs or
alcohol, was not on probation or postrelease control, and no one threatened him or
forced him to enter into the plea
At that point, the trial court told Lindsay again that it would impose
a sentence that was between 10 and 16 years in prison and asked Lindsay, “Has
anyone told you a certain number between those numbers?” Lindsay replied, “Yes,”
and then told the court, “ten.” The court told Lindsay that it understood that he
wanted 10 years but that his sentence would be between 10 and 16 years.
The court asked Lindsay if he was satisfied with the representation he
had received from his lawyer. Lindsay responded, “No.” The court asked why.
Lindsay told the court he did not know why. The court then explained:
Well, I need you to be satisfied, so you’re looking at a lot of time and a
lot of counts on these cases, and I can assure you that [defense counsel]
has been up here working this case with the prosecutor. So, if you have
a problem with how he’s represented you, now is the time that we talk
about it. And you’re ultimately the guy making the decision if you want
to plead or if you don’t want to plead.
Lindsay told the trial court that he “just would like [his defense
counsel] to do better on the plea bargain. That’s all.” The court asked Lindsay,
“What were you hoping for?” Lindsay stated that he “was hoping for, like, seven to
twelve, something like that.” The court responded, “Mr. Lindsay, come on. He’s a
good lawyer, but he’s not a magician.” The court told Lindsay that he was “looking
at a lot of time on these cases” and to be “realistic.” Lindsay told the court that he
had “added up the time on the indictments.” The court told Lindsay that it was
“absolutely” his right to reject the plea offer and stated that if he did not accept it,
that it would begin trial on the first case that day. The court took a short recess.
When the hearing resumed, the trial court began discussing the first
case that was scheduled to go to trial that day. Lindsay told the court that he would
like to “take” the plea deal. The court asked him if he was sure. Lindsay responded,
“I don’t know. I don’t know.” Defense counsel then explained to the court that it
had reviewed the evidence in depth with Lindsay as well as the possible outcomes
with respect to each case. But defense counsel said that Lindsay was still having a
difficult time making his decision. The court stated that it understood but asked if
Lindsay was ready to proceed. Defense counsel responded, “Yes.”
The trial court asked Lindsay if he was satisfied with his defense
counsel. Lindsay told the court that he was. Lindsay also told the court that he was
a United States citizen. Just as the court was about to review Lindsay’s
constitutional rights with him, Lindsay’s mother walked into court. Lindsay stated
that he had not had a chance to review the plea offer with his mother. The court told
Lindsay’s mother that she could listen as it reviewed the charges with Lindsay.
At that point, the court reviewed Lindsay’s constitutional rights with
him and made sure that he understood that he was waiving them. The court then
reviewed the plea offer in each case to “make sure that everybody” was “on the same
page.” Defense counsel then asked the court for a recess because Lindsay needed “a
minute,” and defense counsel wished to speak with Lindsay’s mother.
After a short recess, the court stated that it had reviewed the plea
agreement with Lindsay, the maximum penalties with respect to each charge, and
“the range on all of these cases together.” The court then stated, “The prosecutor
has offered a range of 10 to 16 years, which the court has accepted.” The court asked
Lindsay if he understood all of the offenses that he was pleading guilty to. Lindsay
responded, “Yes.”
Defense counsel then interrupted the court and said that Lindsay was
“having real difficulty with his plea.” Defense counsel asked for a continuance
because Lindsay was considering hiring new counsel to discuss the plea offer.
Defense counsel indicated that he understood that this was a difficult request for the
court to consider on the day of trial, but that it would help Lindsay understand the
magnitude of the eight cases. The state told the court that it was prepared to go to
trial that day but that it would defer to the court regarding the continuance. The
court asked the state how long the plea offer would remain on the table. The state
replied that it would be good until “voir dire starts.” The court granted Lindsay a
two-day continuance.
Two days later, the plea hearing resumed. Lindsay informed the court
that he was ready to “accept the plea offer” and that he felt good about it. The court
then incorrectly stated to Lindsay that “[t]he range that we discussed last week was
12 to 16 years. Today the range is 10 to 16 years; right?” Lindsay responded, “Yes.”
Lindsay told the court that he was satisfied with the representation that he received
from his defense counsel. The court reviewed Lindsay’s constitutional rights with
him a second time and made sure that Lindsay understood that he was waiving
them. The court then reviewed the offenses that Lindsay was pleading guilty to and
the maximum penalty for each offense. The court then stated, “As part of this plea,
the Court is agreeing to the range of 10 to 16 years. You’re agreeing to have no
contact with any of the victims in any of these cases, and that you will not be eligible
for judicial or early release.” Lindsay told the court that he understood. The court
then reviewed postrelease control with Lindsay. Lindsay further told the court that
he did not have any questions regarding his plea. The state and defense counsel told
the court that they were satisfied that it complied with Crim.R. 11.
Lindsay then pleaded guilty to the offenses in each case as set forth in
the plea agreement. In CR-17-622296, Lindsay pleaded guilty to robbery, a second-
degree felony with a one-year firearm specification; improperly handling a firearm
in a motor vehicle, a fourth-degree felony; and having a weapon while under a
disability, a third-degree felony. In CR-17-622961, Lindsay pleaded guilty to
burglary, a third-degree felony, and escape, a second-degree felony. In CR-18-
624793, Lindsay pleaded guilty to improperly handling a firearm in a motor vehicle,
a fourth-degree felony, with forfeiture specifications. In CR-18-625947, Lindsay
pleaded guilty to breaking and entering, a fifth-degree felony. In CR-18-627504,
Lindsay pleaded guilty to robbery, a second-degree felony, with a three-year firearm
specification and agreed to pay $251 in restitution to the victim. In CR-18-627844,
Lindsay pleaded guilty to burglary, a second-degree felony. In CR-18-630756,
Lindsay pleaded guilty to attempted improperly handling a firearm in a motor
vehicle, a fifth-degree felony, with forfeiture specifications; and falsification, a first-
degree misdemeanor. In CR-18-632566, Lindsay pleaded guilty to burglary, a
fourth-degree felony, and drug possession, a fifth-degree felony. The court accepted
Lindsay’s guilty pleas and found him guilty of all of the charges as outlined. The
court referred Lindsay for a presentence-investigation report (“PSI”).
At the beginning of the sentencing hearing, the trial court indicated
that it was in possession of the PSI and letters of support from Lindsay’s family
members. The state explained that the firearm specifications did not merge because
they were in two different cases. The state then reviewed the facts of most of the
cases. The state reminded the trial court that they agreed to a sentencing range of
10 to 16 years. The state told the court that the law enforcement officers “want all
16 years.”
Defense counsel then spoke to the court regarding mitigation and
requested the court give Lindsay the minimum of ten years. Lindsay’s grandmother
spoke to the court on Lindsay’s behalf. Lindsay apologized to “everybody” that he
let down, including the victims. Lindsay said that he took “complete responsibility
for everything.” Lindsay said that he was not trying to make excuses, and that he let
down his family. Lindsay stated that he “was going through a rough time,” was “very
depressed,” and “was kind of strung out on drugs” when he committed these
offenses. Lindsay stated that he contemplated suicide and was in a very “dark place.”
He further said that he was “deeply remorseful for everything.”
The court stated that it considered the record, the oral statements
made at sentencing, the PSI, the plea negotiations, and the victim impact
statements. The court further said that it based its decision upon the overriding
principles and purposes of felony sentencing, including protecting the public from
future crime and to punish Lindsay using the minimum sanctions to accomplish
those purposes. The court stated that it also considered “the need for incapacitation,
deterrence, and rehabilitation,” and the seriousness and recidivism factors.
The court imposed the following sentences:
CR-17-622296 — one year for the firearm specification to be served
prior to and consecutive to five years for robbery, 18 months for
improperly handling a firearm in a motor vehicle, and 18 months for
having a weapon while under a disability;
CR-17-622961 —36 months for burglary and 3 years for escape;
CR-18-624793 — 18 months for improperly handling a firearm in a
motor vehicle with forfeiture specifications;
CR-18-625947 — 12 months for breaking and entering;
CR-18-627504 — three years for the firearm specification to be served
prior to and consecutive to five years for robbery and $251 in restitution
to the victim;
CR-18-627844 — four years for burglary;
CR-18-630756 — 12 months for attempted improperly handling a
firearm in a motor vehicle with forfeiture specifications and time served
for falsification; and
CR-18-632566 — 18 months for burglary and 12 months for drug
possession.
The court ordered that the two robbery counts in CR-17-622296 and
CR-18-627504 and their respective firearm specifications be served consecutive to
each other and all other charges. The court made the consecutive sentence findings
on the record. It further ordered the remaining charges be served concurrent to each
other and concurrent to the two robbery counts, for an aggregate sentence of 14
years in prison. It is from the judgments in these cases that Lindsay now appeals.
II. Jointly Recommended Sentencing Range
In his sole assignment of error, Lindsay argues that the trial court
failed to set forth any reasons for its sentence. Doing so, he contends, was an abuse
of discretion.
Our review of agreed sentences is limited by R.C. 2953.08(D)(1),
which states:
A sentence imposed upon a defendant is not subject to review under
this section if the sentence is authorized by law, has been recommended
jointly by the defendant and the prosecution in the case, and is imposed
by a sentencing judge.
As the Ohio Supreme Court stated, “if a jointly recommended
sentence imposed by a court is ‘authorized by law,’ then the sentence ‘is not subject
to review.’” State v. Sergent, 148 Ohio St. 3d 94, 2016-Ohio-2696, 69 N.E.3d 627,
¶ 15. This court and others have held that “[t]he same logic can be applied to jointly
recommended sentencing ranges that are authorized by law[.]” State v. Grant,
2018-Ohio-1759, 111 N.E.3d 791, ¶ 33 (8th Dist.); see also State v. Brown, 1st Dist.
Hamilton Nos. C-170713 and C-170714, 2019-Ohio-1455, ¶ 2; State v. Ramsey, 5th
Dist. Licking No. 16-CA-91, 2017-Ohio-4398, ¶ 15-17; State v. Connors, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 26721, 2016-Ohio-3195, ¶ 4; State v. Scurles, 6th Dist. Lucas Nos.
L-07-1108 and L-07-1109, 2008-Ohio-2480, ¶ 7-9 (all finding sentence imposed
within a jointly recommended sentencing range that was authorized by law was not
subject to review on appeal).
It is undisputed that in this case, the trial court sentenced Lindsay
within the jointly recommended sentencing range. As we stated, the fact that
Lindsay “agreed to a sentencing range or sentencing cap, as opposed to a specific
sentence, is immaterial.” Grant at ¶ 23. Therefore, the only question for review is
whether the 14-year consecutive sentence was authorized by law. A sentence is
“authorized by law,” and thus not reviewable on appeal, “‘if it comports with all
mandatory sentencing provisions.’” Sergent at ¶ 26, quoting State v. Underwood,
124 Ohio St. 3d 365, 2010-Ohio-1, 922 N.E.2d 923.
The Ohio Supreme Court held in Sergent that in the context of a
jointly recommended sentence that includes nonmandatory consecutive sentences,
a trial court is not required to make the findings set forth in R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).
Id. at ¶ 43. Here, the parties jointly recommended an aggregate sentence between
10 and 16 years. Even the minimum number of ten years required the trial court to
impose consecutive sentences because Lindsay did not plead guilty to any first-
degree felony offenses. He did plead to several second-degree felonies of which the
sentencing range is two to eight years. R.C. 2929.14(A). But again, the trial court
could not have met the minimum of ten years without ordering that some of the
offenses be served consecutive to one another. Thus, Lindsay agreed to a sentence
that included nonmandatory consecutive sentences. Therefore, the trial court was
not required to make the consecutive-sentence findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) in
this case — but we note that it did make those findings at the sentencing hearing and
and placed them in the sentencing entries.
We further note that the sentences for all counts were within the
statutory ranges for each offense and otherwise complied with all mandatory
sentencing provisions. Therefore, Lindsay’s sentences were authorized by law and
are not reviewable.
Even if we were to review Lindsay’s sentences, he would lose. Lindsay
argues that the trial court abused its discretion because it failed to give any reasons
for the sentence it imposed for each count. He maintains that without giving reasons
for a particular sentence, a trial court cannot meaningfully review the sentence.
There is one big issue, however, with Lindsay’s arguments. R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)
prohibits an appellate court from applying the abuse-of-discretion standard when
reviewing a felony sentence. State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St. 3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002,
59 N.E.3d 1231, ¶ 22, citing R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). Thus, Lindsay’s arguments that the
trial court abused its discretion are without merit.
Accordingly, we overrule Lindsay’s sole assignment of error.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s
conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending is terminated. Case remanded to
the trial court for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MARY J. BOYLE, PRESIDING JUDGE
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., and
LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., CONCUR