Rocky River v. Alaref

[Cite as Rocky River v. Alaref, 2023-Ohio-924.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
CITY OF ROCKY RIVER, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 111567
v. :
MAZEN ALAREF, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART,
AND REMANDED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 23, 2023
Criminal Appeal from the Rocky River Municipal Court
Case No. 22-CRB-0538
Appearances:
Michael O’Shea, Law Director, City of Rocky River, and A.
Steven Dever, Assistant Law Director, for appellee.
Scott J. Friedman, for appellant.
LISA B. FORBES, J.:
Appellant Mazen Alaref (“Alaref”) appeals the municipal court’s
journal entry imposing community-control sanctions. After reviewing the facts of
the case and pertinent law, we affirm in part and reverse in part the trial court’s
order.
I. Facts and Procedural History
On April 26, 2022, Alaref pled guilty to persisting in disorderly
conduct, a misdemeanor of the fourth degree in violation of R.C. 2917.11(A)(5) and
(E)(3)(A).
On the same day, the municipal court sentenced Alaref to a
suspended 30-day jail sentence. Additionally, the court ordered Alaref to “continue
to support wife/daughter until further order of court” as restitution and to pay a fine
of $250. The court also imposed community-control sanctions for five years with
the following conditions pertinent to this appeal:
Defendant is to abstain from the use of alcohol and drugs of abuse[;]
Defendant is subject to random testing for alcohol/drugs of abuse, at
defendant’s costs * * *[;]
Defendant is to have no contact with daughter [and] wife[;] [and]
[Defendant is to] [c]ooperate with original * * * or separat[e]
application of asylum[.]
It is from this order that Alaref appeals raising the following
assignment of error:
The trial court imposed conditions of community control that violated
Ohio law and violated [his] Constitutional rights.
II. Law and Analysis
Appellate courts review the imposition of community-control
sanctions for an abuse of discretion. State v. Cooper, 2016-Ohio-8048, 75 N.E.3d
805, ¶ 31 (8th Dist.), citing State v. Talty, 103 Ohio St.3d 177, 2004-Ohio-4888, 814
N.E.2d 1201, ¶ 10. An abuse of discretion “connotes more than an error of law or
judgment; it implies that the court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or
unconscionable.” Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140(1983). Trial “courts lack the discretion to make errors of law, particularly when the
trial court’s decision goes against the plain language of a statute or rule.” Johnson
v. Abdullah, 166 Ohio St.3d 427, 2021-Ohio-3304, 187 N.E.3d 463, ¶ 39.
Community-control sanctions must reasonably relate to the goals of
community control: rehabilitation, administering justice, and “‘insuring good
behavior.’” Talty at ¶ 12, quoting 1983 Am.Sub. S.B. No. 210, 140 Ohio Laws, Part
I, 604. To determine whether a community-control sanction is proper, courts
“consider whether the condition (1) is reasonably related to rehabilitating the
offender, (2) has some relationship to the crime of which the offender was convicted,
and (3) relates to conduct which is criminal or reasonably related to future
criminality and serves the statutory ends of [community control].” State v. Jones,
49 Ohio St.3d 51, 53, 550 N.E.2d 469 (1990). The trial court abuses its discretion if
the community-control sanctions do not satisfy all three prongs of the Jones test.
State v. Brown, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 111173, 2022-Ohio-3233, ¶ 11.
As previously noted, Alaref pled guilty to persisting in disorderly
conduct in violation of R.C. 2917.11(A)(5) and (E)(3)(A). Pursuant to
R.C. 2917.11(A)(5):
No person shall recklessly cause inconvenience, annoyance, or alarm to
another by doing any of the following:
***
Creating a condition that is physically offensive to persons or that
presents a risk of physical harm to persons or property, by any act that
serves no lawful and reasonable purpose of the offender.
R.C. 2917.11(E)(3)(A) makes the conviction for disorderly conduct a fourth-degree
misdemeanor if “the offender persists * * * after reasonable warning or request to
desist.”
A. No-Contact Order
Alaref argues that the trial court’s order that he have no contact with
his daughter as a condition of community control “bears no rational relation to the
crime” of disorderly conduct because “[h]is daughter had nothing to do with the
offense.” Further, he claims that “the no contact order, as it relates to both [his]
daughter and wife, fails the Jones test.” We disagree.
Prior to the imposition of sentence, the court heard statements from
the state that Alaref “has issues as far as how he conducts his relationships and the
use of violence and verbal abuse, * * * hopefully he understands by what he is
receiving today, that he corrects his behavior so that he’s not * * * causing harm to
people that he claims that he loves[.]”
The court proceeded to sentencing, acknowledging that Alaref is a
licensed dentist in Syria, and stated that “part of being a doctor and a dentist is that
you care for other people. * * * And one of the biggest things that someone at times,
and apparently in this situation here, you lost in this one instance the caring and
support of the welfare and the health of an individual that you once loved, who was
once your best friend, and your daughter.” Further, “the empathy of this whole thing
is going back to your wife and your daughter, and that they do not suffer the
consequences of someone else’s actions.”
The record demonstrates that Alaref’s wife and daughter are the
victims of the persisting in disorderly conduct of which Alaref was convicted. That
is, Alaref created “a condition that [was] physically offensive to [his wife and
daughter] or that present[ed] a risk of physical harm” to them. See
R.C. 2917.11(A)(5).
Turning the Jones test, the no-contact order imposed by the court is
related to rehabilitating Alaref, relates to the crime, and serves the statutory ends of
community control. The no-contact order ensures Alaref can no longer create
physically offensive or harmful conditions regarding his wife and daughter. The no-
contact order therefore encourages rehabilitation by minimizing the risk Alaref will
repeat his offense, is related to the crime, and serves the statutory ends of
community control.
Alaref argues that the no-contact order violates his constitutional
right to parent his child. Having found that the no-contact order meets the Jones
test, we find that the trial court’s order does not violate Alaref’s constitutional right
to parent his child. See State v. Emery, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2014-09-062,
2015-Ohio-1487, ¶ 26 (discussing a parent’s fundamental constitutional right to
raise his or her children and finding that “[c]ommunity-control sanctions that
restrict parental rights, including those that prohibit contact where the defendant’s
children were the victims of the crime for which the defendant has been convicted,
have consistently been upheld when the conditions pass the” Jones test).
Among the cases that Alaref urges this court to follow is Cleveland v.
Cornely, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 109556, 2021-Ohio-689; however, the facts of the
case at hand are unlike those in Cornely because here the record reflects that Alaref’s
wife and daughter are victims. In Cornely, this court reversed the imposition of an
indefinite no-contact order with the defendant’s children when the defendant pled
guilty to domestic violence, and the record was clear that the sole victim was the
defendant’s wife. The Cornely Court did not state that any no-contact order with
children would be improper. Rather, it noted that “the trial court could fashion
conditions that included the children,” but “[t]he conditions should be reasonable,
appropriate, and have a definite duration.” Cornely at ¶ 22. See also Lakewood v.
Radostitz, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105620, 2018-Ohio-1971 (finding the trial court
abused its discretion when it ordered that a father have no contact with his children
as a condition of community control when he was convicted of assaulting his wife).
Accordingly, we find that the trial court’s sentence is supported by the record.
Therefore, we find that the trial court was within its discretion to
impose a no-contact order regarding both Alaref’s wife and daughter as a condition
of community control. See Chagrin Falls v. Wallace, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 75640,
2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 752, 6 (Mar. 2, 2000) (finding that “[t]he trial court validly
imposed a condition of [defendant’s] probation * * * that [he] have no contact with
the complainant” after being convicted of disorderly conduct); Defiance v. Mohr,
3d Dist. Defiance Nos. 4-90-5 and 4-90-6, 1991 Ohio App. LEXIS 2841, 1 (June 12,
1991) (noting that a no-contact order was imposed following a conviction for
disorderly conduct).
B. Drugs and Alcohol
Next, Alaref challenges the conditions of community control
requiring him to abstain from drugs and alcohol and to be subject to random
screenings at his expense. We find that these conditions do not meet any of the
prongs of the Jones test.
This court has routinely reversed the imposition of alcohol-related
community-control sanctions where there is no “nexus between an offender’s crime
and drug or alcohol abuse[.]” Brown, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 111173, 2022-Ohio-
3233, at ¶ 12, citing State v. Mahon, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106043, 2018-Ohio-
295, ¶ 9. See also Strongsville v. Feliciano, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96294, 2011-
Ohio-5394 (finding that the trial court abused its discretion when it ordered the
defendant to have a drug and alcohol assessment and submit to random drug and
alcohol screening when the record is “devoid” of any reference that the crimes were
related to drug or alcohol use or that the defendant had a history of drug or alcohol
abuse).
Here, nothing in the record indicates that drugs or alcohol were
involved when Alaref committed the offense of persisting in disorderly conduct.
Further, nothing in the record indicates that Alaref has a history of drug or alcohol
abuse. Of course, use of illegal drugs is prohibited by statute. Therefore, we find
that the trial court abused its discretion when it prohibited the use of alcohol and
required Alaref to submit to screenings as conditions of community control.
C. Asylum Cooperation
Alaref challenges the trial court’s requirement that he “cooperate with
the asylum application” because it has “no connection whatsoever to [his] crime of
disorderly conduct.” We find that this condition does not meet any of the prongs of
the Jones test.
The record demonstrates that Alaref filed an asylum “application for
[himself] and [his] family * * *” but that his wife may “file a separate application * * *
depending on what happens at domestic relations” court. The municipal court
required, as a condition of Alaref’s community control, that he cooperate with either
the original or a separate asylum application “so that all three of you are awarded
asylum here in this country.”
Nothing in the record demonstrates how Alaref’s cooperation with his
wife’s asylum application is related to conduct, which is criminal or
reasonably related to future criminality. Accordingly, the trial court abused its
discretion when it imposed the obligation to cooperate with his wife’s asylum
application as a condition of community control.
D. Support
Finally, Alaref argues that the trial court’s “requirement that [he]
continue to financially support his wife and daughter” was an improper condition of
community control. The trial court’s journal entry states that Alaref is to “continue
to support wife/daughter until further order of court.”
While R.C. 2929.25, permits trial courts to impose restitution
pursuant to R.C. 2929.28 as a condition of community control, the ongoing support
obligation imposed by the trial court is not proper. R.C. 2929.28(A)(1) states in
pertinent part, that “[i]f the court imposes restitution, the court shall determine the
amount of restitution to be paid by the offender” which amount “shall not exceed
the amount of the economic loss suffered by the victim as a direct and proximate
result of the commission of the offense.” A “trial court’s restitution order does not
comply with R.C. 2929.28(A)(1) [when] the trial court did not ‘determine the
amount of restitution to be paid by’” the defendant. Cleveland v. Rushton, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 108579, 2020-Ohio-1281, ¶ 38 , quoting R.C. 2929.28(A)(1). See also
State v. Peterman, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2009-06-149, 2010-Ohio-211, ¶ 6,
quoting State v. Friend, 68 Ohio App.3d 241, 243, 587 N.E.2d 975 (10th Dist.1990)
(“The amount of restitution ordered by the trial court must be based on the actual
loss caused by the offender’s criminal conduct, therefore ‘restitution can be ordered
only for those acts that constitute the crime for which the defendant was convicted
and sentenced.’”). (Emphasis deleted.)
Here, the court did not determine a set amount, rather it gave a
general requirement that Alaref “continue to support” his wife and daughter “until
further order of the court.” Further, nothing in the record demonstrates that this
ongoing support order is consistent with and no greater than the amount of
economic loss suffered as a direct and proximate result of Alaref’s crime of persisting
in disorderly conduct. For all the same reasons, we find that this indefinite support
order fails the Jones test because it does not relate to rehabilitating Alaref, the crime
of persisting in disorderly conduct, or Alaref’s criminal conduct.
In conclusion, Alaref’s sole assignment of error is sustained in part
and reversed in part. The community-control sanctions related to Alaref’s
requirement to abstain from alcohol and drugs, be subject to random drug and
alcohol screening at his cost, cooperate with his wife and daughter’s asylum
applications, and continue to support his wife and daughter are vacated. All other
conditions of community control are affirmed. The matter is remanded to the trial
court with instructions to issue a journal entry consistent with this opinion.
Judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part. This case is
remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is ordered that appellant and appellee share costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the Rocky
River Municipal Court to carry this judgment into execution. Case remanded to the
trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
LISA B. FORBES, JUDGE
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J., CONCUR