State v. Boroff

[Cite as State v. Boroff, 2020-Ohio-5376.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
PUTNAM COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 12-20-02
v.
BONNIE L. BOROFF, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Putnam County Municipal Court
Trial Court No. 2019 CR B 00215
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: November 23, 2020
APPEARANCES:
Drew J. Mihalik for Appellant
Case No. 12-20-02
PRESTON, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Bonnie L. Boroff (“Boroff”), appeals the January
23, 2020 judgment of sentence of the Putnam County Municipal Court. For the
reasons that follow, we affirm.
{¶2} This case arises from a November 7, 2018 incident in which Boroff’s
two-year-old grandson died in a trailer owned by Boroff. During the course of the
investigation of the circumstances surrounding the minor child’s death, law
enforcement officers entered Boroff’s residence and observed the condition of the
trailer where Boroff and her family, including her four minor grandchildren, resided.
As a result, on July 23, 2019, a complaint was filed against Boroff in the Putnam
County Municipal Court containing four counts of endangering children in violation
of R.C. 2919.22(A), first-degree misdemeanors. (Doc. No. 1). Counts One and
Two related to Boroff’s granddaughters born in 2012 and 2010, respectively, and
Counts Three and Four related to Boroff’s twin grandsons born in 2016. (Id.). On
August 26, 2019, Boroff appeared for arraignment and entered pleas of not guilty to
the counts in the complaint. (Doc. Nos. 4, 5).
{¶3} On January 6, 2020, under a negotiated plea agreement, Boroff
withdrew her pleas of not guilty and entered pleas of guilty to Counts One and Two.
(Doc. Nos. 27, 28, 29). In exchange, the State agreed to recommend dismissal of
the remaining counts in the complaint. (See Doc. No. 30). The trial court accepted
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Boroff’s guilty pleas, found her guilty of Counts One and Two, and ordered a
presentence investigation (“PSI”). (Doc. Nos. 28, 29). In addition, the trial court
dismissed the remaining counts of the complaint. (Doc. No. 30). That same day,
the trial court filed its judgment entry of conviction. (Doc. Nos. 28, 29).
{¶4} On January 23, 2020, the trial court sentenced Boroff to a jail term of
180 days as to Count One and 180 days as to Count Two. (Doc. No. 31). The trial
court ordered that the sentences be served consecutively to each other for an
aggregate term of 360 days in jail. (Id.). That same day, the trial court filed its
judgment entry of sentence. (Id.).
{¶5} On February 7, 2020, Boroff filed her notice of appeal.1 (Doc. No. 37).
She raises one assignment of error for our review.
Assignment of Error
The trial court abused its discretion in sentencing defendant-
appellant Bonnie L. Boroff to a maximum and consecutive
sentence[.]
{¶6} In her assignment of error, Boroff argues that the trial court abused its
discretion by imposing a maximum, consecutive sentence. Specifically, she
contends that the record does not support the severity of the sentence.2
1
The trial court stayed the execution of Boroff’s sentence pending appeal. (Doc. Nos. 40, 41).
2
We note that the State failed to file a brief in this matter, a practice that we strongly discourage. We caution
the State that, under App.R. 18(C), “If an appellee fails to file the appellee’s brief within the time provided
by this rule, or within the time as extended, the appellee will not be heard at oral argument except by
permission of the court upon a showing of good cause submitted in writing prior to argument; and in
determining the appeal, the court may accept the appellant’s statement of the facts and issues as correct and
reverse the judgment if appellant’s brief reasonably appears to sustain such action.”
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{¶7} “‘We review a trial court’s sentence on a misdemeanor violation under
an abuse of discretion standard.’” State v. Arnold, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-16-13,
2017-Ohio-326, ¶ 13, quoting State v. Nolan, 3d Dist. Marion No. 9-15-48, 2016-
Ohio-2985, ¶ 12, citing R.C. 2929.22 and State v. Frazier, 158 Ohio App.3d 407,
2004-Ohio-4506, ¶ 15 (1st Dist.). An abuse of discretion is more than a mere error
in judgment; it suggests that a decision is unreasonable, arbitrary, or
unconscionable. State v. Adams, 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 157-158 (1980).
{¶8} “‘Trial courts have full discretion to impose any sentence within the
statutory range.’” State v. Smith, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-15-17, 2015-Ohio-4225, ¶
9, quoting State v. Noble, 3d Dist. Logan No. 8-14-06, 2014-Ohio-5485, ¶ 9, citing
State v. Saldana, 3d Dist. Putnam No. 12-12-09, 2013-Ohio-1122, ¶ 20. As a first-
degree misdemeanor, endangering children carries a maximum sanction of 180 days
in jail. R.C. 2919.22(A), (E)(1)(a); R.C. 2929.24(A)(1).
{¶9} In this case, Boroff was sentenced to 180 days in jail for each count.
Accordingly, each of the trial court’s sentences is within statutory range. “‘[A]
sentence imposed within the statutory range is “presumptively valid” if the [trial]
court considered applicable sentencing factors.’” State v. Nienberg, 3d Dist. Putnam
Nos. 12-16-15 and 12-16-16, 2017-Ohio-2920, ¶ 10, quoting State v. Maggette, 3d
Dist. Seneca No. 13-16-06, 2016-Ohio-5554, ¶ 31, quoting State v. Collier, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 95572, 2011-Ohio-2791, ¶ 15.
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{¶10} “A trial court must consider the criteria of R.C. 2929.22 and the
principles of R.C. 2929.21 before imposing a misdemeanor sentence.” Nolan, 2016-
Ohio-2985, at ¶ 12, citing State v. Crable, 7th Dist. Belmont No. 04 BE 17, 2004-
Ohio-6812, ¶ 24. R.C. 2929.21 provides, in pertinent part, that the “overriding
purposes of misdemeanor sentencing are to protect the public from future crime by
the offender and others and to punish the offender.” R.C. 2929.21(A). To achieve
the overriding purposes of misdemeanor sentencing, R.C. 2929.21 directs courts to
“consider the impact of the offense upon the victim and the need for changing the
offender’s behavior, rehabilitating the offender, and making restitution to the victim
of the offense, the public, or the victim and the public.” Id. In addition, R.C.
2929.21(B) instructs that a sentence imposed for a misdemeanor “shall be
reasonably calculated to achieve the two overriding purposes of misdemeanor
sentencing * * *, commensurate with and not demeaning to the seriousness of the
offender’s conduct and its impact upon the victim, and consistent with sentences
imposed for similar offenses committed by similar offenders.”
{¶11} “Generally, ‘a court that imposes a sentence under [R.C. Chapter
2929] upon an offender for a misdemeanor * * * has discretion to determine the
most effective way to achieve the purposes and principles of sentencing set forth in
section 2929.21 of the Revised Code.’” Arnold, 2017-Ohio-326, at ¶ 16, quoting
R.C. 2929.22(A). “R.C. 2929.22(B) ‘sets forth specific factors for the trial court to
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consider before imposing a sentence, including the nature and circumstances of the
offense, the offender’s history of criminal conduct, the victim’s circumstances, and
the likelihood that the offender will commit future crimes.’” Id., quoting Nolan at
¶ 12. “In determining the appropriate sentence for a misdemeanor, in addition to
complying with [R.C. 2929.22(B)(1)], the court may consider any other factors that
are relevant to achieving the purposes and principles of sentencing set forth in [R.C.
2929.21].” R.C. 2929.22(B)(2).
{¶12} From the record, it is clear that the trial court sentenced Boroff after
considering the overriding purposes of misdemeanor sentencing set forth in R.C.
2929.21 and the relevant R.C. 2929.22 factors. At the sentencing hearing, the trial
court stated that it considered “the purposes of misdemeanor sentencing” when
fashioning Boroff’s sentence. (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at 12). The trial court also stated
that it considered the R.C. 2929.22(B) factors when determining Boroff’s sentence.
(Id. at 12-13). “The trial court is not required to make factual findings on the record
related to these factors.” Lakewood v. Dobra, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106001,
2018-Ohio-960, ¶ 8, citing Cleveland v. Meehan, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 85415,
2005-Ohio-2820, ¶ 7. “‘[A]bsent a showing to the contrary by the defendant,’”
“‘when a misdemeanor sentence is within the statutory limits, the trial court is
presumed to have considered’” the factors required by R.C. 2929.22. Id., quoting
Maple Hts. v. Sweeney, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 85415, 2015-Ohio-2820, ¶ 8.
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{¶13} Moreover, the record supports the trial court’s sentence. At the
sentencing hearing, the trial court thoroughly explored each of the R.C. 2929.22
sentencing factors it found to be relevant to determining Boroff’s sentence. (Jan.
23, 2020 Tr. at 12-14). First, the trial court stated that the fact that Boroff was aware
of the conditions of her residence and nevertheless allowed the conditions to exist
was “atrocious.” (Id. at 13). See R.C. 2929.22(B)(1)(a). The trial court found that
Boroff did not acknowledge the dangers and risks she allowed to exist and,
therefore, had a high likelihood to reoffend. (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at 13). See R.C.
2929.22(B)(1)(b). In support of this finding, the trial court referenced a statement
contained in the PSI in which Boroff expressed that she did not see anything wrong
with the children living in the conditions present in her residence. (Jan. 23, 2020
Tr. at 13). (See PSI). The trial court also found that Boroff’s conduct “showed a
pattern of heedless indifference to the consequences.” (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at 13). See
R.C. 2929.22(B)(1)(c). The trial court referenced the death of Boroff’s grandson
and stated that Boroff allowed the conditions to exist that created a “substantial risk
to the health and safety of the child.” (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at 13). See R.C.
2929.22(B)(1)(c). Additionally, the trial court found that the victims’ youth made
them “vulnerable to the impacts of the offense.” (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at 13-14). See
R.C. 2929.22(B)(1)(d). The trial court noted that the victims in Counts One and
Two were approximately 7-8 and 9-10 years of age and “were forced to live in these
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conditions.” (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at 14). See R.C. 2929.22(B)(1)(d). The trial court
stated that, due to their age, the victims had “no choice in whether or not they lived
in these conditions.” (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at 14). The trial court acknowledged that
the only people that could protect the victims were the adults living in the house,
including Boroff. (Id. at 14). See R.C. 2929.22(B)(1)(d). With respect to Boroff’s
likelihood to reoffend, the trial court stated, “I can’t stress enough that if you can’t
accept that what you allowed to occur here is wrong, that there is a great chance that
any child in your care in the future faces the same risks.” (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at 14).
See R.C. 2929.22(B)(1)(e). We find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s
analysis of the relevant statutory factors. See State v. Cooper, 3d Dist. Defiance No.
4-15-10, 2016-Ohio-450, ¶ 13.
{¶14} Nevertheless, Boroff argues that the trial court abused its discretion by
imposing a maximum, consecutive sentence. Specifically, Boroff argues that the
trial court erred by imposing a maximum sentence because she does not have a prior
criminal record. R.C. 2929.22(C) provides, in relevant part, that “[a] court may
impose the longest jail term authorized under section 2929.24 of the Revised Code
only upon offenders who commit the worst forms of the offense or upon offenders
whose conduct and response to prior sanctions for prior offenses demonstrate that
the imposition of the longest jail term is necessary to deter the offender from
committing a future crime.” R.C. 2929.22(C).
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{¶15} Here, although the PSI indicates that Boroff does not have a prior
criminal record, the record supports a finding that Boroff committed the worst form
of the offense. In addition to the trial court’s discussion relating to the R.C.
2929.22(B) misdemeanor sentencing factors, the record indicates that a number of
health and safety hazards were present in Boroff’s residence. At the sentencing
hearing, the trial court referenced “[t]he overall unsanitariness and uncleanliness of
the house,” which included dirty diapers on the floor, garbage throughout the
residence, and electrical outlets ripped out of walls near mattresses. (Jan. 23, 2020
Tr. at 11). Moreover, the record indicates that the victims in Counts One and Two
were sleeping on mattresses located “within inches of the toilet” “in a[n] otherwise
dirty bathroom.” (Id. at 12). Furthermore, a sibling of the victims in Counts One
and Two died after being exposed to a hazard in the residence, which the trial court
noted is relevant to the condition of the residence where the victims were living.
(Id. at 11-12). (See PSI). The record indicates that Boroff was aware of the
ultimately fatal hazard, but rather than removing the hazard herself, tasked the
victims in Counts One and Two with removing the hazard. (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at 11-
12). (See PSI). Additionally, the trial court noted that Boroff was charging rent to
the parents of the minor children and was, therefore, attempting to profit from the
unsafe living arrangement. (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at 11). Thus, we find that the record
supports the trial court’s imposition of a maximum sentence on the grounds that
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Boroff’s conduct constituted the worst form of the offense. See State v. Wolfe, 7th
Dist. Belmont Nos. 17 BE 0044 and 17 BE 0045, 2018-Ohio-5461, ¶ 13-15.
{¶16} Boroff also challenges her maximum sentence on the grounds that it
is not consistent with sentences imposed for similar crimes by similar offenders. In
support of her position, Boroff argues that because she does not have a prior criminal
record, her maximum, consecutive sentence cannot be consistent with any other
first-degree misdemeanor conviction by a similar offender. Boroff also references
the non-maximum sentence the victims’ mother received for charges stemming
from the November 7, 2018 incident as evidence that Boroff’s sentence is not
consistent with sentences imposed for similar crimes by similar offenders.
However, our review of the record reveals that Boroff failed to argue the consistent-
sentences issue to the trial court. “‘If a defendant fails to argue to the trial court that
his sentence is not consistent with or proportionate to sentences imposed for similar
crimes committed by similar offenders, then the defendant waives that issue for
appeal.’” State v. Silknitter, 3d Dist. Union No. 14-16-07, 2017-Ohio-327, ¶ 18,
quoting State v. Norman, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-13-50, 2014-Ohio-3010, ¶ 17,
citing State v. Ewert, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2012-0002, 2012-Ohio-2671, ¶
31. Consequently, Boroff waived the issue for appeal. See id.{¶17} Boroff further contends that the trial court abused its discretion by
failing to consider community control sanctions when fashioning her sentence. R.C.
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2929.22(C) provides, in relevant part, that “[b]efore imposing a jail term as a
sentence for a misdemeanor, a court shall consider the appropriateness of imposing
a community control sanction or a combination of community control sanctions.”
Boroff argues that the trial court failed to consider the appropriateness of imposing
a community control sanction. In support of her argument, Boroff relies on her lack
of prior criminal record. However, the record reveals that, at the sentencing hearing,
the trial court thoroughly reviewed each of the factors under R.C. 2929.22(B) and
stated, “When I consider all of these factors, the only sentence that I believe to be
appropriate in this case is the maximum sentence permitted.” (Jan. 23, 2020 Tr. at
14). Accordingly, the record indicates that the trial court considered all of the
available sanctions, but concluded, based on its consideration of the R.C.
2929.22(B) sentencing factors, that the maximum jail sentence was appropriate.
{¶18} Finally, Boroff argues that her two endangering-children convictions
are allied offenses of similar import, which are subject to merge under R.C.
2941.25(A). However, “‘an appellate court may disregard an assignment of error
pursuant to App.R. 12(A)(2): “if the party raising it fails to identify in the record
the error on which the assignment of error is based or fails to argue the assignment
separately in the brief, as required under App.R. 16(A).”’” State v. Moore, 3d Dist.
Henry No. 7-19-01, 2019-Ohio-2633, ¶ 11, quoting Rodriguez v. Rodriguez, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91412, 2009-Ohio-3456, ¶ 4, quoting App.R. 12(A). Therefore,
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because Boroff has failed to present the issue of merger as a separate assignment of
error in her brief, we decline to address the issue. See State v. Lane, 3d Dist. Allen
No. 1-10-10, 2010-Ohio-4819, ¶ 45.
{¶19} Accordingly, for the aforementioned reasons, we conclude that the
trial court did not abuse its discretion by sentencing Boroff to maximum,
consecutive sentences.
{¶20} Boroff’s assignment of error is overruled.
{¶21} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant herein in the
particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Judgment Affirmed
SHAW, P.J. and ZIMMERMAN, J., concur.
/jlr
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