State v. Robinson

[Cite as State v. Robinson, 2022-Ohio-3033.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 110467
v. :
DAVID E. ROBINSON, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: APPLICATION DENIED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 31, 2022
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-19-643101-A
Application for Reopening
Motion No. 556857
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Gregory Ochocki, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.
David E. Robinson, pro se.
FRANK DANIEL CELEBREZZE, III, J.:
Applicant, David E. Robinson, seeks to reopen his appeal in State v.
Robinson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 110467, 2022-Ohio-1311. He claims that
appellate counsel was ineffective for not arguing issues related to speedy trial and
the imposition of a no-contact order at sentencing. For the reasons that follow, we
deny his application.
I. Factual and Procedural History
Appellant was charged with seven counts related to the abuse of his
two children. Charges included multiple counts of endangering children, gross
sexual imposition, and obstructing official business. Appellant eventually pled
guilty to one second-degree-felony count of endangering children, one third-degree-
felony count of endangering children, and one fifth-degree-felony count of
obstructing official business. On September 3, 2020, the trial court imposed a
prison sentence of 5 years for the first count, 18 months for the second count, and a
period of community-control supervision of 60 months for the final count. As a part
of the community-control sanction, the trial court ordered that appellant have no
contact with the victim or victims. He was also ordered to pay restitution to several
municipalities that had expended resources searching for appellant’s children after
he reported them missing. Appellant then appealed.
In his direct appeal, appellant’s counsel filed a brief pursuant to
Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct.1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967). Appellant
was alerted and given an opportunity to file a pro se brief, which he did. He assigned
six errors for review. The assigned errors included a claim of ineffective assistance
of trial counsel, challenged the order of restitution and the length of sentence,
claimed coercion of his guilty pleas, and argued that his speedy trial rights were
violated. Robinson at ¶ 17.
On April 21, 2022, this court journalized a decision overruling each of
these pro se assignments of error, affirming appellant’s convictions, and remanding
the case to the trial court for the limited purpose of correcting the order of restitution
in the sentencing entry, nunc pro tunc. Id., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 110467, 2022-
Ohio-1311, at ¶ 82-83, 99.
On July 15, 2022, appellant filed an application for reopening
proposing the following assignments of error:
I. Ineffective assistance of counsel, as appellant was deprived of his
right to a speedy trial as guaranteed by the Sixth and Fourteenth
Amendments to the United States Constitution.
II. The trial court erred with imposing a no contact order and a prison
term requiring the no contact order be vacated as a no contract order is
a community control sanction.
III. The trial court erred in [imposing] a sentence, which included both
a prison term and community control sanctions at the same time for
separate offenses, thus the trial court imposed a split sentence.
IV. The trial court erred in [imposing] a sentence, which included both
a no-contact order and a prison term to run concurrently.
(Brackets sic.)
The state timely filed a brief in opposition, arguing that appellant represented
himself pro se in the appeal and cannot rely on his own ineffectiveness in reopening.
II. Law and Analysis
A. Standard for Reopening
App.R. 26(B) provides a limited means of a claim of ineffective
assistance of appellate counsel in an appeal from a criminal conviction. App.R.
26(B)(1). “Claims of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel under App.R. 26(B)
are subject to the two-pronged analysis enunciated in Strickland v. Washington,
466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984).” State v. Leyh, 166 Ohio St.3d
365, 2022-Ohio-292, 185 N.E.3d 1075, ¶ 17. Under the Strickland standard, the
applicant must show that “(1) appellate counsel’s performance was objectively
unreasonable, [Strickland] at 687, and (2) there is ‘a reasonable probability that, but
for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.’ [Strickland] at 694.” Leyh at ¶ 18, citing Smith v. Robbins, 528 U.S. 259,
285-286, 120 S.Ct. 746, 145 L.Ed.2d 756 (2000). “‘A reasonable probability is a
probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.’” Id., quoting
Strickland at 694.
The application for reopening “shall be granted if there is a genuine
issue as to whether the applicant was deprived of the effective
assistance of counsel on appeal.” App.R. 26(B)(5). The burden is on
the applicant to demonstrate a “genuine issue” as to whether there is a
“colorable claim” of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel.
Leyh at ¶ 21, citing State v. Spivey, 84 Ohio St.3d 24, 25, 701 N.E.2d 696 (1998).
B. Anders and App.R. 26(B)
Appellant acted pro se in his appeal. This court has held that “[a]
claim of ineffective assistance of appellate [counsel] is not available where an
appellant acts pro se in an appeal.” State v. Walton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106103,
2018-Ohio-4021, ¶ 5, citing State v. Thornton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 76014, 2000
Ohio App. LEXIS 1037 (Mar. 9, 2000); State v. Westbrook, 4th Dist. Scioto No.
11CA3455, 2012-Ohio-6292. See also State v. Tharp, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
104216, 2017-Ohio-2750, ¶ 2 (“[T]he scope of App.R. 26(B) is limited to a claim of
ineffective assistance of appellate counsel, and a defendant who represents himself
on appeal cannot later argue his own ineffectiveness in an application to reopen
under App.R. 26(B).”). This is the state’s sole argument in opposition to the
application to reopen.
However, in Walton, we also recognized that it may be inequitable to
deny relief in reopening where an applicant was forced to proceed pro se in the
appeal because appointed counsel withdrew pursuant to Anders. Walton at ¶ 7.
This court went on to analyze the proposed assignment of error, found that it lacked
merit, and found that the applicant did not present a colorable claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel. Therefore, whether it would be inequitable to deny relief in
reopening may depend on the proposed assignments of error raised. We will
examine the proposed errors with an eye toward such a determination.
C. Speedy Trial
In his first proposed assignment of error, appellant claims trial counsel
was ineffective for not arguing that his speedy trial rights were violated. However,
appellant raised a speedy trial assignment of error in his direct appeal. This court
overruled the assigned error. We started off by recognizing that appellant waived
his statutory speedy trial rights by pleading guilty. Robinson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 110467, 2022-Ohio-1311, at ¶ 60. We then went on to fully analyze his
constitutional speedy trial rights using the factors outlined in Barker v. Wingo, 407
U.S. 514, 530, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972). Id. at ¶ 63-73. We concluded
that appellant’s right to a speedy trial was not violated. Id. at ¶ 73. Further, a guilty
plea also waives a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel based on statutory
speedy trial rights. State v. Bateman, 4th Dist. Jackson No. 19CA13, 2021-Ohio-57,
¶ 9; State v. Goodwin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93249, 2010-Ohio-1210, ¶ 10.
“Res judicata bars the relitigation of an issue that was previously
addressed, even if cast in a slightly different form.” State v. Barnes, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga Nos. 108857, 108858, and 109321, 2020-Ohio-4988, ¶ 13. Issues
previously addressed on appeal are not subject to a second review in reopening. Id.,citing State v. McGee, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91638, 2009-Ohio-6637, ¶ 13, citing
State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 226 N.E.2d 104 (1967). Therefore, this claim may
not form the basis of a colorable claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel.
D. No-Contact Order
In his second, third, and fourth proposed assignments of error,
appellant makes various claims that the trial court erred in imposing a no-contact
order as a part of his sentence. The arguments appellant makes and the cases cited
in support are inapposite.
A trial court may not impose a prison term and community-control
sanction for the same offense. State v. Anderson, 143 Ohio St.3d 173, 2015-Ohio-
2089, 35 N.E.3d 512. This includes a prison term and a no-contact order. Id. at
¶ 32. A court may also not impose a community-control sanction on one count
consecutive to a prison term on another count absent statutory authority. State v.
Hitchcock, 157 Ohio St.3d 215, 2019-Ohio-3246, 134 N.E.3d 164, ¶ 25. However, the
Supreme Court of Ohio has held that a court may impose both a prison term for one
offense and a community-control term for another offense in the same case. State
v. Paige, 153 Ohio St.3d 214, 2018-Ohio-813, 103 N.E.3d 800, ¶ 9. The Paige Court
went on to hold that the trial court could not impose what amounted to a consecutive
term of commitment to a community-based correctional facility after release from
prison. Id. at ¶ 13.
In the present case, the trial court imposed a period of 60 months of
community-control supervision for the count of obstructing official business. As a
part of this sentence of community control, the court imposed a no-contact order
with the victims. Prison sentences were imposed for the second-degree- and third-
degree-felony counts to which appellant pled guilty. The court imposed a 5-year
prison sentence and an 18-month prison sentence, respectively. The court did not
impose a prison sentence together with a community-control sanction for the same
offense as appellant claims. The different sanctions were imposed for separate
offenses. This does not constitute a split sentence. Paige at ¶ 6. Nor did the court
impose a community-control sanction consecutive to a prison term.
None of cases cited above resemble the sanctions imposed in the
present case. A trial court may appropriately impose a term of community-control
supervision for one count concurrent to a prison term for another count. Paige at
¶ 9. That is what occurred here. Therefore, appellant’s last three proposed
assignments of error do not set forth a colorable claim of ineffective assistance of
appellate counsel.
All of appellant’s proposed assignments of error could have been
raised by him in his pro se appellate brief. Further, none indicate that his appointed
appellate counsel was ineffective when counsel filed an Anders brief. Appellant’s
proposed assignments of error also fail to demonstrate a genuine issue of ineffective
assistance of appellate counsel. Therefore, appellant’s application for reopening is
denied.
Application denied.
_________________________________
FRANK DANIEL CELEBREZZE, III, JUDGE
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, A.J., and
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J., CONCUR