Tilbrook v. Francis

[Cite as Tilbrook v. Francis, 2018-Ohio-4064.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
WARREN COUNTY
CORY L. TILBROOK, :
Petitioner-Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2017-06-091
: OPINION
- vs - 10/8/2018
:
JAMES C. FRANCIS, :
Respondent-Appellant. :
APPEAL FROM WARREN COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
DOMESTIC RELATIONS DIVISION
Case No. 17DV7677
Cory L. Tilbrook, 4977 Cox-Smith Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, petitioner-appellee, pro se
James C. Francis, #A659421, Chillicothe Correctional institution, P.O. Box 5500, Chillicothe,
Ohio 45601, respondent-appellant, pro se
HENDRICKSON, J.
{¶ 1} Respondent-appellant, James C. Francis, appeals from a decision of the
Warren County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, granting a domestic
violence civil protection order ("DVCPO") against him in favor of petitioner-appellee, Cory L.
Tilbrook, and the parties' minor child, T.F. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the trial
court's decision.
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{¶ 2} On February 8, 2017, Tilbrook petitioned for and was granted an ex parte
protection order for herself and T.F. In the petition, Tilbrook alleged that Francis had been
arrested and incarcerated for the rape of multiple minors, crimes Tilbrook stated Francis
committed when T.F. and Tilbrook's son were present. Tilbrook stated that she and her son
"participated in the prosecution" of Francis' criminal case and Francis was currently
incarcerated. While incarcerated, Francis wrote to T.F.'s school and sought to obtain "any
and all" information on T.F. According to Tilbrook, Francis does not know T.F. for T.F.'s
"well-being and best interest." Tilbrook stated that she was "afraid for the safety and well-
being of my children" if T.F.'s school information was provided.
{¶ 3} On February 22, 2017, a full hearing was held before a magistrate. Two days
later, on February 24, 2017, the magistrate granted Tilbrook a DVCPO, finding that Francis,
in violation of R.C. 3113.31(A)(1)(b), placed Tilbrook and T.F. "in mental distress through his
written communication with the minor child's school." The trial court adopted the magistrate's
decision that same day. After receiving an extension of time, Francis filed objections to the
issuance of the DVCPO. In his objections, Francis disputed the accuracy of the statements
Tilbrook made in her initial petition for a DVCPO. He also objected to the issuance of the
order on the basis that there was "no weight of evidence to support a pattern of behavior
constituting a necessity for a protection order or a no contact order." The trial court overruled
Francis' objections, noting that a transcript of the full hearing had not been provided and it
was therefore "unable to make a factual determination pertaining to [Francis'] Objections."
{¶ 4} After the court denied his objections, Francis filed "Defendant's Attachment to
Submission of Objections," arguing he was entitled to 30 days from the filing date of his
objections to file "the transcripts or any other relevant documents." Attached to his filing were
copies of (1) his submission of objections to the issuance of the DVCPO; (2) the trial court's
decision overruling the objections; (3) Tilbrook's petition for a DVCPO; (4) Information for
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Parenting Proceeding Affidavit filed by Tilbrook with the DVCPO petition; (5) the February 8,
2017 ex parte protection order; and (6) the February 24, 2017 DVCPO issued after the full
hearing. Notably, a transcript of the February 22, 2017 full hearing or an affidavit detailing
the evidence received on February 22, 2017 were not filed. The trial court ultimately denied
Francis' Attachment to Submission of Objections.
{¶ 5} Francis appealed, setting forth four assignments of error. For ease of
discussion, Francis' assignments of error will be addressed together.
{¶ 6} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶ 7} THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN ISSUING A PROTECTION
ORDER WHILE LACKING WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT A PATTERN OF
BEHAVIOR.
{¶ 8} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶ 9} THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION RENDERING APPELLANT'S
ARGUMENTS UNABLE TO BE GIVEN CONSIDERATION DUE TO APPELLANT'S
FAILURE TO PREPARE TRANSCRIPTS ON THE MATTER.
{¶ 10} Assignment of Error No. 3:
{¶ 11} THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION DENYING RESPONDENT'S
ATTACHMENT TO SUBMISSION OF OBJECTIONS.
{¶ 12} Assignment of Error No. 4:
{¶ 13} THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN SHOWING BIAS AND
FAILING TO LIBERALLY CONSTRUE APPELLANT'S PRO SE MOTIONS.
{¶ 14} In his first assignment of error, Francis argues the trial court erred in granting
Tilbrook a DVCPO as the decision is against the manifest weight of the evidence. He further
contends, in his second assignment of error, that the trial court erred when it determined it
could not review his objections to the issuance of the DVCPO as he failed to file a transcript
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of the February 22, 2017 proceedings. Finally, in his third and fourth assignments of error,
Francis challenges the court's denial of his "Attachment to Submission of Objections,"
arguing that he complied with Civ.R. 53(D) by filing his motion within 30 days of the date of
he filed his objections to the issuance of the DVCPO. He argues that given his incarceration
and inability to appear in person or hire an attorney, the trial court erred by not "liberally
construing" his motion.
{¶ 15} As an initial matter, we note that the rules governing civil protection orders are
set forth in Civ.R. 65.1. According to Civ.R. 65.1(F)(3), civil protection petitions may be
referred to a magistrate for determination, but "[a] magistrate's denial or granting of a
protection order after full hearing * * * does not constitute a magistrate's order or a
magistrate's decision under Civ.R. 53(D)(2) or (3) and is not subject to the requirements of
those rules." Civ.R. 65.1(F)(3)(b).
{¶ 16} A magistrate's order granting a protection order after a full hearing is not
effective unless adopted by the trial court. Civ.R. 65.1(F)(3)(c)(i). A trial court may only
adopt the magistrate's grant or denial of a protection order "upon review of the order and a
determination that there is no error of law or other defect evident on the face of the order."
Civ.R. 65.1(F)(3)(c)(ii). See also Wulf v. Opp, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2014-10-074,
2015-Ohio-3285, ¶ 17. A party may then file written objections "to a court's adoption,
modification, or rejection of a magistrate's denial or granting of a protection order after a full
hearing * * * within fourteen days of the court's filing of the order." (Emphasis added.) Civ.R.
65.1(F)(3)(d)(i).1 A party must timely file objections prior to filing an appeal. Civ.R. 65.1(G).
1. Unlike in Civ.R. 53, where a party files objections to a magistrate's decision, a party files objections under
Civ.R. 65.1(F)(3)(d)(i) to the trial court's adoption, modification, or rejection of a magistrate's grant or denial of a
civil protection order. See Wulf v. Opp, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2014-10-074, 2015-Ohio-3285, ¶ 17;
Heimann v. Heekin, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-130613, 2014-Ohio-4276, ¶ 7; Isna v. Isna, 2d Dist. Montgomery
No. 26909, 2016-Ohio-7425, ¶ 26; J.S. v. D.E., 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 17 MA 0032, 2017-Ohio-7507, ¶ 15;
Martin v. Dockter, 10th Dist. Franklin Nos. 17AP-261 and 17AP-534, 2018-Ohio-858, ¶ 7.
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{¶ 17} The objecting party "has the burden of showing that an error of law or other
defect is evident on the face of the order, or that the credible evidence of record is insufficient
to support the granting or denial of the protection order, or that the magistrate abused the
magistrate's discretion in including or failing to include specific terms in the protection order."
Civ.R. 65.1(F)(3)(d)(iii). "Objections based upon evidence of record shall be supported by a
transcript of all the evidence submitted to the magistrate or an affidavit of that evidence if a
transcript is not available." Civ.R. 65.1(F)(3)(d)(iv).
{¶ 18} In the present case, the magistrate and trial court cited to Civ.R. 65.1 in
granting the DVCPO on February 24, 2017. However, in ruling on Francis' objections and his
Attachment to Submission of Objections, the court erroneously referenced Civ.R. 53(D). As
set forth above, civil protection orders are not "magistrate's orders" or "magistrate's
decisions" as contemplated by Civ.R. 53(D) and are not subject to the requirements of Civ.R.
53 related to magistrate's orders and decisions. Wulf at ¶ 16, citing Civ.R. 65.1(F)(3)(b).
Civ.R. 65(F)(3)(d) sets forth its own procedures and rules for ruling on objections.
{¶ 19} Although the trial court, at times, mistakenly referenced Civ.R. 53 in ruling on
Francis' objections, we find that this mistake did not result in reversible error. The manner in
which the trial court handled Francis' objections and Attachment to Submission on Objections
complied with the requirements of Civ.R. 65.1.2
{¶ 20} In the case at hand, the court granted Tilbrook a protection order under R.C.
3113.31. Pursuant to that statute, in order to grant a DVCPO, a "trial court must find that
petitioner has shown by a preponderance of the evidence that petitioner or petitioner's family
or household members are in danger of domestic violence." Felton v. Felton, 79 Ohio St. 3d
2. Like Civ.R. 65.1, Civ.R. 53 requires that an objection to a factual finding be supported by a transcript of all the
evidence submitted to the magistrate at a hearing. Under both rules, the transcript is required to be filed within
30 days after the filing of objections, unless time is extended by the trial court. See Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b) and
65.1(F)(3)(d).
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34 (1997), paragraph two of the syllabus. For the purpose of this case, domestic violence
means "committing a violation of [R.C.] 2903.211 [menacing by stalking]." R.C.
3113.31(A)(1)(b). As defined by R.C. 2903.211(A)(1), menacing by stalking means engaging
in a pattern of conduct that knowingly causes another person to "believe that the offender will
cause physical harm to the other person or a family or household member of the other
person or cause mental distress to the other person or family or household member of the
other person."
{¶ 21} "A trial court's decision to grant or deny a DVCPO will not be reversed where
such decision is supported by the manifest weight of the evidence." Barrett v. Barrett, 12th
Dist. Warren No. CA2016-04-033, 2017-Ohio-250, ¶ 19. Under a manifest weight challenge,
a judgment will not be reversed as long as the judgment is supported by some competent,
credible evidence going to all essential elements of the case. Caramico v. Caramico, 12th
Dist. Clermont No. CA2015-03-025, 2015-Ohio-4232, ¶ 26. "The appellate court must be
guided by a presumption that the trial court's factual findings are correct because the trial
judge is best able to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor and use these
observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony." Barrett at ¶ 19, citing
McBride v. McBride, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011-03-061, 2012-Ohio-2146, ¶ 11.
{¶ 22} Francis objected to the February 24, 2017 issuance of the DVCPO on the
basis that there was "no weight of evidence to support a pattern of behavior constituting a
necessity for a protection order or a no contact order," and he challenged certain factual
statements contained in Tilbrook's February 8, 2017 petition for a protection order. However,
it is well-settled law that "[t]he petition itself is not evidence and its contents cannot be
considered by the trial court in granting the DVCPO." Partin v. Morrison, 12th Dist. Brown
No. CA2015-01-003, 2015-Ohio-4740, ¶ 8. See also Felton, 79 Ohio St. 3d at 43 ("A pleading
is not admissible into evidence at a hearing to prove a party's allegations and must not be
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considered as evidence by the court"). Tilbrook's statements in the petition, therefore, had
no bearing on the issuance of the DVCPO. The court's decision to issue the DVCPO was
based on evidence heard at the February 22, 2017 full hearing.
{¶ 23} Francis sought to challenge the weight of said evidence but failed to provide
the trial court with ability to do so, as required by Civ.R. 65.1(F)(3)(d)(iv). Pursuant to this
rule,
[o]bjections based upon evidence of record shall be supported by
a transcript of all the evidence submitted to the magistrate or an
affidavit of that evidence if a transcript is not available. With
leave of court, alternative technology or manner of reviewing the
relevant evidence may be considered. The objecting party shall
file the transcript or affidavit with the court within thirty days after
filing objections unless the court extends the time in writing for
the preparation of the transcript or other good cause. If a party
files timely objections prior to the date on which the transcript is
prepared, the party may seek leave of court to supplement the
objections.
Not only did Francis not file a transcript or affidavit of the evidence presented at the February
22, 2017 hearing, but he also did not seek to have the court review the evidence by means of
an alternative technology. The documents attached to Francis' Attachment to Submission on
Objections did not provide any insight into the testimony or evidence presented at the
February 22, 2017 hearing. Rather, the documents were merely copies of filings and orders
already docketed in the case.
{¶ 24} Francis had the burden of demonstrating that the DVCPO was issued without
sufficient credible evidence and against the manifest weight of the evidence presented at the
full hearing. Without a transcript of all the evidence submitted on February 22, 2017, or an
affidavit of that evidence, the trial court was limited to accepting the findings set forth in the
February 24, 2017 order. We are similarly constrained in reviewing Francis' manifest weight
challenge on appeal. As Francis did not file a transcript of the February 22, 2017 hearing, we
are unable to review his arguments to the extent they relate to factual disputes. See Allen v.
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Thompson, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2016-L-038, 2017-Ohio-4234, ¶ 11; Edwards v. Cardwell,
10th Dist. Franklin No. 05AP-430, 2005-Ohio-6758, ¶ 5. "Where a party fails to provide a
transcript of a hearing, or an acceptable alternative as required by App.R. 9, this court must
presume regularity of the proceedings." In re Adoption of R.M.T., 12th Dist. Warren Nos.
CA2017-12-177 and CA2017-12-178, 2018-Ohio-1691, ¶ 20. Based on the record before us,
we cannot say that the DVCPO was issued against the manifest weight of the evidence or
that the trial court erred in concluding it was unable to make a factual determination
pertaining to Francis' objections. Francis' first and second assignments of error are,
therefore, overruled.
{¶ 25} Additionally, although Francis contends the court erred in denying his
Attachment to Submission on Objections as he was permitted "30 days from the date of his
objections to either present a transcript, or * * * 'any other relevant evidence'" to the court, we
find no merit to his arguments. Civ.R. 65.1(F) does not permit Francis to submit "any other
relevant evidence" within the 30-day timeframe the transcript is being prepared and filed.3
The rule limited Francis to either filing a transcript of the evidence submitted to the magistrate
or an affidavit of that evidence – neither of which were filed. Additionally, the alleged
"relevant evidence" Francis attached to his Attachment to Submission on Objections were all
documents previously filed with the court; as such, the documents did not provide any new or
additional information for the court to consider. We therefore find that the trial court did not
err in denying Francis' Attachment to Submission on Objections and his third assignment of
error is overruled.
{¶ 26} We further find, contrary to Francis' assertions, that in ruling on Francis'
Attachment to Submission on Objections, the trial court did liberally construe the filing. While
3. The record indicates that Francis never filed a request to have a transcript of the February 22, 2017 hearing
prepared.
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a court may, in practice, "grant a certain amount of latitude toward pro se litigants, the court
cannot simply disregard the Rules of Civil Procedure in order to accommodate a party who
fails to obtain counsel." Mootispaw v. Wenninger, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2015-08-024,
2016-Ohio-1287, ¶ 16. "[P]ro se litigants are bound by the same rules and procedures as
litigants with retained counsel." Id., citing CAT-The Rental Store v. Sparto, 12th Dist. Clinton
No. CA2001-08-024, 2002 Ohio APP. LEXIS 636, * 5 (Feb. 19, 2002). Though incarcerated
and proceeding pro se, Francis was still bound by the requirements of Civ.R. 65.1 in
objecting to the February 24, 2017 order issuing the DVCPO. See Allen, 2017-Ohio-4234 at
¶ 9-14. Francis' fourth assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.
{¶ 27} Judgment affirmed.
S. POWELL, P.J., and RINGLAND, J., concur.
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