Yaklevich v. Dinneen

[Cite as Yaklevich v. Dinneen, 2021-Ohio-4531.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
John A. Yaklevich, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 20AP-322
v. : (C.P.C. No. 17CV-9344)
Janet Dinneen, : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant. :
[Creditor] John A. Yaklevich, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 20AP-324
v. : (C.P.C. No. 18JG-57331)
[Debtor] Janet Dinneen, : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on December 23, 2021
On brief: Moore & Yaklevich, and John A. Yaklevich, pro se.
Argued: John A. Yaklevich.
On brief: Janet Dinneen, pro se. Argued: Janet Dinneen.
APPEALS from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
KLATT, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Janet Dinneen, pro se, appeals from a judgment of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas denying her Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from a
default judgment. For the following reasons, we affirm that judgment.
Nos. 20AP-322 and 20AP-324 2
{¶ 2} On October 18, 2017, plaintiff-appellee, John A. Yaklevich, filed a four-count
complaint against appellant for unpaid legal fees rendered pursuant to appellee's
representation of appellant in a dispute with her former business partner. Count 1 alleged
a claim for breach of contract. Count 2 alleged an action on an account, pursuant to which
appellant attached a statement of account setting forth a balance due of $21,139.
Alternatively, Counts 3 and 4 alleged that appellee expended significantly more
professional time than was memorialized in the statement of account; as such, appellant
had been unjustly enriched in the amount of $30,775.
{¶ 3} Attempts to serve appellant by certified and/or ordinary mail in late 2017 and
early 2018 were unsuccessful; appellant was personally served with the complaint and
summons on August 2, 2018. Appellant thus had to answer or otherwise respond to the
complaint by August 30, 2018. Appellant did not timely answer the complaint; however,
in both a letter dated August 16, 2018 and an email dated August 28, 2018, appellant
disputed the amount owed. On September 10, 2018, appellee moved for default judgment
on Counts 1 and 2 in the amount of $21,139 and as to liability only on Counts 3 and 4.
Appellant did not respond to that motion. In a judgment dated September 24, 2018, the
trial court granted default judgment against appellant and awarded appellee damages in
the amount of $21,139, plus post-judgment interest and costs.1 Appellant did not appeal
the judgment.
{¶ 4} On March 10, 2019, and again on September 19, 2019, counsel entered an
appearance on behalf of appellant. On September 23, 2019, appellant, through counsel,
filed an amended motion for relief from the September 24, 2018 default judgment.2
Appellant first asserted that the motion was timely, as it was filed within a reasonable time
following the default judgment. Appellant next alleged that she was entitled to relief
pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(3) and (5), as appellee had engaged in fraud or misconduct by
misrepresenting in both his complaint and the affidavit attached to his amended motion
the amount appellant purportedly owed him. Finally, appellant maintained that she had
several meritorious defenses to present if the trial court granted relief from the default
judgment. In support of her motion, appellant attached her affidavit, along with supporting
1 On September 27, 2018, appellant filed a Civ.R. 41(A) notice of dismissal as to Counts 3 and 4.
2 Appellant filed her original motion for relief from judgment on September 6, 2018.
Nos. 20AP-322 and 20AP-324 3
documentation, averring that appellee had billed her $31,111 for legal services and costs and
that she had either paid or received credits from appellee totaling $37,512; as such, appellee
was entitled to a refund of $6,401. Appellee filed a memorandum contra on October 4,
2019, to which he attached his own affidavit and supporting documentation. On October 15,
2019, appellant filed a response to appellee's memorandum contra.
{¶ 5} The trial court held an evidentiary hearing on appellant's motion on
February 6, 2020. In its March 11, 2020 decision and entry, the trial court set forth a
detailed recitation of the testimony and documentary evidence presented at the hearing.
The trial court found that although appellant had set forth operative facts to establish a
meritorious defense if relief was granted, she had failed to establish that she was entitled to
relief under either Civ.R. 60(B)(3) or (5) and/or that she had filed her motion within a
reasonable time after the default judgment. In addition, the trial court sua sponte
determined that appellant had not been afforded the seven-day notice required by Civ.R.
55(A) prior to entry of default judgment, as she had entered an informal appearance
through the August 28, 2018 email disputing the amount owed. The court concluded,
however, that because the evidence presented at the hearing established that appellant was
not entitled to relief from judgment, the lack of notice was of no significance. Consequently,
the trial court denied appellant's motion.
{¶ 6} In a timely appeal,3 appellant sets forth three assignments of error, all of
which state the identical premise:
The trial court erred and abused its descretion [sic] in
dimissing [sic] appelant's [sic] action.
{¶ 7} To prevail on a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from judgment, a party must
demonstrate that: (1) it has a meritorious claim or defense to present if the court grants it
3 Appellant's appeal of the trial court's March 11, 2020 judgment is docketed as 20AP-322. By journal entry
issued June 23, 2020, this court sua sponte consolidated the appeal in 20AP-322 with appellant's appeal of
a judgment in Franklin County C.P. No. 18JG-57331, which is docketed as 20AP-324. In Franklin County
C.P. No. 18JG-57331, appellee, on January 11, 2019, filed an order and notice of garnishment of property
other than personal earnings against appellant, listing Huntington National Bank ("HNB") as the garnishee,
seeking funds from appellant's checking account, savings account, investment account, or other funds. On
the same day, appellee notified appellant, as judgment debtor, that she was prohibited from removing or
attempting to remove funds from her HNB accounts. On February 4, 2019, HNB filed an answer of
garnishee indicating that appellant's accounts with HNB were closed. On June 12, 2020, appellant filed a
notice of appeal indicating only that she "would like to file a notice of Appeal of the judgment made by Judge
French." In her briefing, appellant does not mention the judgment in Franklin County C.P. No. 18JG-57331
and her assignments of error relate solely to the trial court's March 11, 2020 judgment.
Nos. 20AP-322 and 20AP-324 4
relief; (2) it is entitled to relief under one of the grounds stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) through
(5); and (3) it filed the motion within a reasonable time and, when relying on a ground for
relief set forth in Civ.R. 60(B)(1), (2), or (3), it filed the motion not more than one year after
the judgment, order, or proceeding was entered or taken. Luke v. Roubanes, 10th Dist. No.
16AP-766, 2018-Ohio-1065, ¶ 21, citing GTE Automatic Elec., Inc. v. ARC Industries, Inc.,
47 Ohio St.2d 146 (1976), paragraph two of the syllabus. If the movant fails to demonstrate
any of these three requirements, the trial court should overrule the motion. Id., citing Rose
Chevrolet, Inc. v. Adams, 36 Ohio St.3d 17, 20 (1988). "A trial court exercises its discretion
when ruling on a Civ.R. 60(B) motion, and, thus, an appellate court will not disturb such a
ruling absent an abuse of discretion." Id., citing Griffey v. Rajan, 33 Ohio St.3d 75, 77
(1987). An abuse of discretion connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies
an attitude by the trial court that is arbitrary, unconscionable or unreasonable. Blakemore
v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983).
{¶ 8} Although appellant's arguments are difficult to understand, it appears that
she is challenging the trial court's findings that she failed to establish entitlement to relief
from judgment under Civ.R. 60(B)(5) and failed to demonstrate that she filed her motion
within a reasonable time after the default judgment. Appellant also references the trial
court's averment that she was not afforded the requisite notice under Civ.R. 55(A);
however, she does not set forth any arguments contesting the trial court's conclusion that
she was not prejudiced by the lack of notice.
{¶ 9} With respect to the timeliness of a motion, Civ.R. 60(B) incorporates a two-
part standard. For relief under Civ.R. 60(B)(1), (2) or (3), the movant must seek relief
"within a reasonable time, and * * * not more than one year after the judgment." Relief
under Civ.R. 60(B)(4) and (5) is not subject to the one-year limitation, but must still be
sought within a reasonable time. This court has stated that "[j]ust because a Civ.R. 60(B)
motion is filed within one year of the underlying judgment does not mean the motion was
filed within a reasonable time." GMAC Mtge. v. Lee, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-796, 2012-Ohio-
1157, ¶ 21, citing EMC Mtge. Corp. v. Pratt, 10th Dist. No. 07AP-214, 2007-Ohio-4669, ¶ 8,
citing Adomeit v. Baltimore, 39 Ohio App.2d 97, 106 (8th Dist.1974). "The relief provided
by Civ.R. 60(B) is equitable in nature, and a party must act diligently to be entitled to it."
Id. at ¶ 23, citing Morris v. Grubb, 2d Dist. No. 15177 (Mar. 8, 1996). "Failure to seek relief
Nos. 20AP-322 and 20AP-324 5
from judgment for a substantial period of time after the movant is aware of the grounds for
relief demonstrates a lack of due diligence." Id., citing Morris.
{¶ 10} Here, the trial court noted that appellant knew of the September 23, 2018
default judgment within three weeks of its entry, as her counsel sent a communication on
October 15, 2018 expressly seeking to resolve the matter in lieu of pursuing an appeal or a
Civ.R. 60(B) motion; further, appellant was aware at that time of her basis for seeking relief
from judgment. The court also noted that by November 2018, appellant had sold her home,
but chose to utilize the proceeds to pay off other debts rather than to fund further legal
proceedings related to the default judgment. Having so found, the trial court concluded:
Defendant made the deliberate choice to try to settle this
matter outside of the court system. While this decision may
have been reasonable for the "short term," it should have been
evident that there was no meeting of the minds and there was
a clear disagreement between the parties as to the amount
owed. In fact, Defendant believed she was entitled to a refund.
Plaintiff did not mislead Defendant regarding the potential for
settlement to cause her to forego filing a Civ.R. 60(B) motion.
As to these circumstances, the delay of 364 days with simply
not reasonable. Therefore, the Court finds Defendant has not
established this prong of the GTE test.
(Mar. 11, 2020 Decision & Entry Denying Def.'s Mot. for Relief From Jgmt. and Notice of
Final and Appealable Order, at 16.)
{¶ 11} In her briefing, appellant explains how she utilized the proceeds from the sale
of her house and why she could not afford to hire an attorney to represent her for nearly
one year following entry of the default judgment. Appellant asserts that she testified to
these matters at the hearing. However, we are unable to review appellant's argument
because she has failed to file a transcript of the trial court proceedings. Pursuant to App.R.
9(B)(3), an "appellant shall order the transcript in writing and shall file a copy of the
transcript with the clerk of the trial court." " ' "When portions of the transcript necessary
for resolution of assigned errors are omitted from the record, the reviewing court has
nothing to pass upon and thus, as to those assigned errors, the court has no choice but to
presume the validity of the lower court's proceedings, and affirm." ' " State v. Rohrig, 10th
Dist. No. 20AP-579, 2021-Ohio-3903, ¶ 6, quoting Pond v. Pond, 10th Dist. No. 20AP-262,
Nos. 20AP-322 and 20AP-324 6
2021-Ohio-1708, ¶ 5, quoting Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199
(1980).
{¶ 12} Here, without the benefit of a transcript, we must presume the validity of the
trial court's discretionary finding that appellant failed to meet her burden of establishing
that she filed her Civ.R. 60(B) motion within a reasonable time after the default judgment
was entered. As noted above, the requirements for Civ.R. 60(B) relief are listed in the
conjunctive; if any one is not met, the motion must be denied. Luke, 10th Dist. No. 16AP-
766, 2018-Ohio-1065 at ¶ 21, citing Rose Chevrolet, Inc., 36 Ohio St.3d at 20 (1988); Lee,
10th Dist. No. 11AP-796, 2012-Ohio-1157 at ¶ 23, citing Billiter v. Winship, 10th Dist. No.
93AP-176 (Sept. 28, 1993). Having concluded that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion by determining that appellant did not establish the timeliness of her motion, we
need not address appellant's argument regarding grounds for relief under Civ.R. 60(B)(5).
Id.{¶ 13} For the foregoing reasons, appellant's three assignments of error are
overruled and the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
DORRIAN, P.J., and MENTEL, J., concur.