DocketNumber: C.A. No. 22743.
Citation Numbers: 2006 Ohio 769
Judges: CARR, J.
Filed Date: 2/22/2006
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 4/18/2021
{¶ 3} While issuing appellant the citation, Sergeant Witeof detected a moderate odor of alcohol emanating from appellant. Sergeant Witeof also noticed that appellant's eyes were blood shot and glassy and that his speech was slurred. Based upon these observations, Sergeant Witeof asked appellant to exit the vehicle and perform some field sobriety tests.
{¶ 4} Sergeant Witeof first administered the horizontal gaze nystagmus test ("HGN"). While administering this test, appellant showed 6 clues of intoxication, the maximum amount to be detected under the HGN test. Next, Sergeant Witeof had appellant perform the walk-and-turn test. While performing this test, appellant failed to count aloud as instructed, appeared unsteady on his feet, walked 10 steps instead of 9, and did not turn as instructed by Sergeant Witeof. Thirdly, Sergeant Witeof had appellant perform the one-legged stand test. Appellant also appeared "somewhat wobbly" and failed to follow instructions while performing the one-legged stand test.
{¶ 5} Sergeant Witeof then asked appellant to have a seat in the rear of the police cruiser. While in the cruiser, Sergeant Witeof asked appellant to recite the alphabet, which appellant was unable to do without getting letters out of order. At this time, Sergeant Witeof noticed that the odor of alcohol about the appellant "greatly intensified" while he was in the police cruiser. Based upon his observations and the appellant's performance on the field sobriety tests, Sergeant Witeof then arrested appellant for driving under the influence.
{¶ 6} While appellant was in the police cruiser, Sergeant Witeof spoke with Paul Hamler, a passenger in appellant's vehicle. Hamler told Sergeant Witeof that he and appellant had just left a bar called The Metro in Highland Square. When asked how much alcohol the appellant had consumed at the bar, Hamler responded "not that much." Hamler did tell Sergeant Witeof that he bought appellant a bottle of beer, but that he did not know if appellant drank it. After questioning Hamler, Sergeant Witeof allowed him to walk to appellant's residence and transported appellant to the police station.
{¶ 7} At the police station, Officer Linda McCain advised appellant of the Implied Consent Law and the penalties for refusing to submit to the blood alcohol test ("BAC"). Appellant acknowledged that he understood the Implied Consent Law as read and refused to take the BAC test. Appellant was then asked to perform a series of field sobriety tests which were videotaped. At the station, appellant told Sergeant Witeof and Officer McCain that he was traveling from Copley to his home on Crosby Street when he was stopped by Sergeant Witeof. Appellant further informed Officer McCain that he had not consumed any alcohol that day, only water.
{¶ 8} On March 27, 2005, appellant was charged with operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, a violation of R.C.
{¶ 9} Appellant timely appeals his conviction for operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, setting forth three assignments of error for review. The assignments of error have been rearranged to facilitate review.
{¶ 10} Appellant argues in his second assignment of error that the City failed to offer sufficient evidence to prove that appellant's ability to drive was impaired by alcohol. This Court disagrees.
{¶ 11} Crim.R. 29(A) provides that a trial court "shall order the entry of a judgment of acquittal * * * if the evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction of such offense or offenses." A trial court may not grant an acquittal by authority of Crim.R. 29(A) if the record demonstrates that reasonable minds can reach different conclusions as to whether each material element of a crime has been proved beyond a reasonable doubt.State v. Wolfe (1988),
{¶ 12} Appellant was convicted of driving under the influence in violation of R.C.
"No person shall operate any vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley within this state, if, at the time of the operation, * * * [t]he person is under the influence of alcohol, a drug of abuse, or a combination of them."
This Court notes that appellant refused to submit to a BAC test. However, R.C.
{¶ 13} Sergeant Witeof testified that he observed appellant's vehicle traveling left of center and that he had to take evasive action to avoid a collision. Sergeant Witeof stated that upon approaching appellant's vehicle, he detected a moderate odor of alcohol about appellant, and that appellant's speech was slurred and his eyes were bloodshot and glassy. Sergeant Witeof further testified that while he was administering the walk and turn test, appellant appeared unsteady on his feet. Sergeant Witeof stated that after appellant had been in the police cruiser by himself, he noticed that the odor of alcohol had "greatly intensified." Sergeant Witeof indicated that no one else who had been in the cruiser that night had been drinking.
{¶ 14} Appellant testified on his own behalf at trial. After telling Sergeant Witeof and Officer McCain at the time of his arrest that he had not consumed any alcohol on the evening in question, appellant testified at trial that he had drunk wine earlier that evening at church after fasting for three days. Appellant further testified that he was driving home from The Metro, a bar located in Highland Square, when he was stopped by Sergeant Witeof. However, at the time of his arrest, appellant told Sergeant Witeof and Officer McCain that he was on his way home from Copley when he was pulled over by Sergeant Witeof. Furthermore, Officer Witeof testified that when he questioned Paul Hamler, the passenger in appellant's vehicle, on the night of the arrest, Hamler stated that the two were coming from The Metro.
{¶ 15} The above testimony combined with the fact that Sergeant Witeof observed appellant driving erratically was sufficient to enable a jury to find appellant guilty of violating R.C.
{¶ 16} In this assignment of error, appellant argues that it was plain error for the trial court to admit testimony regarding the results of the horizontal gaze nystagmus ("HGN") test and other standardized field sobriety tests based on the lack of foundation to support the reliability of such tests. This Court disagrees.
{¶ 17} At trial, defense counsel did not object to the admission of Sergeant George Witeof's testimony regarding the HGN test and other standardized field sobriety tests performed by appellant. However, on appeal, appellant argues that the admission of Sergeant Witeof's testimony rose to the level of plain error. Crim.R. 52(B) states that "[p]lain errors or defects affecting substantial rights may be noticed although they were not brought to the attention of the court." The Supreme Court of Ohio has cautioned that "[n]otice of plain error under Crim.R. 52(B) is to be taken with the utmost caution, under exceptional circumstances and only to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice." State v. Long (1978),
{¶ 18} To support his argument, appellant cites State v.Homan (2000),
{¶ 19} In Homan, the Supreme Court of Ohio held that:
"In order for the results of a field sobriety test to serve as evidence of probable cause to arrest, the police must have administered the test in strict compliance with standardized testing procedures." (Emphasis added.) Id. at paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶ 20} In Schmitt, the Supreme Court extended the holding in Homan to the admission of evidence at trial about the results of field sobriety tests.
{¶ 21} In Schmitt, the Court also held that a law enforcement officer may testify at trial regarding observations made during a defendant's performance of nonscientific standardized field sobriety tests regardless of whether the actual test results are admissible. Id. at ¶ 15.
{¶ 22} In this case, Sergeant Witeof testified at trial as to his observations of appellant during the field sobriety testing as well as the results of those tests. While this Court finds that the proper foundation was not laid to enable Sergeant Witeof to testify regarding the results of the field sobriety tests, his testimony regarding his observations of appellant was admissible.Schmitt at ¶ 15. As this Court analyzed appellant's second assignment of error without considering Sergeant Witeof's testimony regarding the test results of the field sobriety tests or the HGN test, and concluded that the remaining evidence presented was sufficient to affirm appellant's conviction, any error in the admission of Sergeant Witeof's testimony concerning the results of the field sobriety tests does not rise to the level of plain error. Davis at ¶ 23.
{¶ 23} Appellant also argues that the City failed to present a proper foundation before eliciting Sergeant Witeof's testimony regarding the results of the HGN test. Assuming without deciding that the admission of Sergeant Witeof's testimony regarding the results of the HGN test was error, this Court finds that without the admission of the results of the HGN test sufficient evidence was presented to sustain appellant's conviction. Consequently, any error in the admission of Sergeant Witeof's testimony regarding the results of the HGN test does not constitute plain error. Id.
{¶ 24} Appellant's first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 25} In his third assignment of error, appellant contends that the prosecutor engaged in prosecutorial misconduct and that such conduct violated his right to an impartial jury. This Court disagrees.
{¶ 26} When examining alleged prosecutorial misconduct this Court must determine whether the remarks are improper, and if so, whether they prejudicially affected appellant's substantial rights. State v. Lott (1990),
"Ladies and Gentlemen, ask yourself whether you're given a chance to blow into a little machine and you have had nothing, not one sip of alcohol except for the wine that you consumed at church, whether you would blow into that machine instead of having your driver's license suspended for a year, instead of being in court right now. Would you blow into that machine?"
{¶ 27} In State v. Roberson (June 23, 1982), 5th Dist. No. 5828, the court stated:
"The `golden rule' technique of argument to a jury runs afoul of this clear limitation upon the right of the attorney to comment upon the evidence as opposed to appealing to the passion or sympathy of the jury. `Do unto others as you would do unto me' carries an improper implication in final argument."
Generally, a "golden rule" argument is improper. However, a "golden rule" comment during closing argument is no longer per se prejudicial so as to warrant a new trial. See Dillon v. Bundy
(1991),
{¶ 28} In this case, while the prosecutor's comment was improper, this Court does not find that it prevented appellant from receiving a fair trial. Appellant's third assignment of error is overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
The Court finds that there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Akron Municipal Court, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to appellant.
Exceptions.
Slaby, P.J., Whitmore, J, concur.