State v. Heath

203 P.3d 242 (2009) 226 Or. App. 242

STATE of Oregon, Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
Joshua G. HEATH, Defendant-Appellant.

CR020009A; A120233.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Submitted on Remand October 28, 2008. Decided February 25, 2009.

James N. Varner, Dundee, for appellant.

Hardy Myers, Attorney General, Mary H. Williams, Solicitor General, and Tiffany Keast, Assistant Attorney General, for respondent.

Before LANDAU, Presiding Judge, and BREWER, Chief Judge, and HASELTON, Judge.

PER CURIAM.

This case is before us on remand from the Supreme Court, which vacated our prior decision, State v. Heath, 201 Or.App. 92, 116 P.3d 930 (2005) (Heath I), in light of State v. Ramirez, 343 Or. 505, 173 P.3d 817 (2007), adh'd to as modified on recons., 344 Or. 195, 179 P.3d 673 (2008), and State v. Fults, 343 Or. 515, 173 P.3d 822 (2007). State v. Heath, 345 Or. 315, 195 P.3d 63 (2008). In Heath I, we vacated defendant's sentences and remanded for resentencing because the trial court had imposed departure sentences based on judicial findings that defendant was persistently involved in similar offenses. That factfinding constituted plain error, and we exercised our discretion to correct it. The issue before us on remand is whether, in light of Ramirez and Fults, we properly exercised our discretion under Ailes v. Portland Meadows, Inc., 312 Or. 376, 381-82, 823 P.2d 956 (1991). We conclude that our exercise of discretion in Heath I was erroneous. Accordingly, we affirm.

Defendant was convicted of second-degree assault and three counts of first-degree criminal mistreatment after he broke the arm and several ribs of his five-month-old daughter. On the first criminal mistreatment count, the court imposed a durational departure sentence of 42 months' imprisonment to run consecutively to the 70-month sentence that it imposed on the second-degree assault conviction. On the second criminal mistreatment count, the court imposed a 50-month sentence, also to be served consecutively; and on the third criminal mistreatment count, the court imposed a 25-month sentence to be served concurrently with the 70-month sentence. The trial court gave the following reasons for its departure:

"I find that there are three aggravating factors. One of them is that the victim was particularly vulnerable. It's hard to imagine a victim being any more vulnerable than this five-month-old baby girl.

"Secondly, that there's a violation of trust."

The third aggravating factor that the court referred to was defendant's persistent involvement in similar offenses, which the court relied on in imposing the departure sentence on the second criminal mistreatment count. The court stated that any of the departure factors it found would be independently sufficient to support its decision to depart.

Because it is dispositive, we begin and end with the trial court's decision to depart based on the particular vulnerability of the victim.^[1] The victim was defendant's five-month-old daughter for whom he was caring at the time he squeezed her chest with sufficient pressure to fracture several of her ribs. The victim also suffered a broken arm at the hands of defendant. On this record, we readily conclude that there is no legitimate debate that the jury would have found that the victim was particularly vulnerable. See Ramirez, 343 Or. at 513, 173 P.3d 817 (setting out "legitimate debate" standard for exercise of discretion to review unpreserved challenges to departure sentences based on judicial findings of fact). Accordingly, we decline to exercise our discretion to review the assigned error.

Affirmed.

NOTES

[1] It is dispositive because the trial court stated, on the record, that any of the three aggravating factors it found would support its decision to depart.