Roup's Estate

Opinion by

Mr. Chief Justice Fell,

This appeal is from an order refusing an issue devisavit vel non asked for on the grounds of undue influence and of the want of testamentary capacity. The contestant of the will was the son of the testator by his first marriage and his only child. The proponents were the widow of the testator, who had been his second wife and her daughters by a former marriage. An issue devisavit vel non should not be granted when, on a review of all the testimony, a judge would feel constrained by the manifest weight of the evidence to set aside a verdict against the will. Knauss’ Appeal, 114 Pa. 10; Graham’s Estate, 225 Pa. 314. This test was applied by the learned judge of the Orphans’ Court and his conclusion should not be set aside unless clearly shown to be erroneous. This has not been done.

No useful purpose would be served by a general review of the voluminous testimony. The main facts developed may be briefly stated. The testator died in 1909, at eighty-two years of age, possessed of an estate of about $8,000, the accumulation of a life of industry and thrift. Half of the estate was represented by the farm on which he had lived nearly fifty years and the balance was in personal property. In 1878, his son, the contestant, who was then twenty-three years old, left his father’s home in Pennsylvania, and went to Missouri where he has since lived and prospered in business. During the thirty-one years following they saw each other but on three occasions, the first was in 1883, when the contestant visited his parents’ home, the second in 1893, when his parents visited him in Missouri and the third in 1903, when the contestant called at his father’s house, while on a visit to friends in the locality. This call appears to have been a mere incident of his visit and neither father nor son manifested any affection or regard for or interest in the other. They were kinsmen in blood only. The testator’s first wife died in 1893 and five years later, in 1898, he married a widow, two of whose daughters at times made their home with him and assisted their mother in household work and assisted the testator in barn and field work usually done by men. The beneficiaries under the will are the testator’s widow and these daughters.

The will was executed six years before the death of the testator. He went with his wife to the home of a justice of the peace, to whom he made known the disposition he desired to make of Ms property. The will was then written, read to the testator, who expressed his satisfaction with it, and signed by him. His wife was not in the room when he gave directions for the writing of his will, nor while it was being written and there was not the slightest evidence that she or any other person, at this or at any time, made any suggestion to the testator as to the disposition of his property or that he was under any constraint in relation thereto. The charge of undue influence rests on the bare suspicion that influence was exercised because there was opportunity for its exercise. His testamentary capacity was established by the testimony of his physician, his neighbors and by business men with whom he dealt. He managed his farm, sold his farm products, bought his clothing, furniture, machinery and supplies needed for the family and farm, and attended to the investment of his money. In these matters he usually consulted his wife who accompanied him when he went from home on business of any kind.

There was testimony as to the want of testamentary capacity which received the careful consideration of the judge who heard and saw the witnesses and was in the best position to judge of their means of knowledge and their bias and it has received ours. The testator’s mind was to some extent impaired for a short time following the death of his wife, when he lived alone on his farm and brooded over his sorrows, and again for a few months immediately preceding his death when he was suffering from physical ailments. The first occasion was nine years before the will was executed and the second, six years after it was made. We find no testimony to indicate that at or near the time of the execution of his will, he was not in the full possession of his faculties. As stated by the learned judge of the Orphans’ Court, “In brief, he was what might be termed a hard-working, close-fisted farmer, who could neither read nor write and usually had but little to say and knew what he wanted and needed.” Taking into view all the testimony, we find nothing that would sustain a verdict against the proponents of the will.

The order of the court is affirmed at the cost of the appellant.