Turner's Estate

Opinion by

Mb. Justice Mosghziskeb,

Jesse Turner provided in his will “I further give and bequeath unto my said wife all the dividends which shall be declared after my death, during her natural life, upon all my shares of the capital stock of The Washington Gas Light Co., of the Miners’ National Bank......of the Pottsville Water Co.” His wife, Matilda Turner, survived the testator, and during her life a stock dividend of $3,600 was declared by the gas light company; whereupon she expressly agreed that the “interest or dividend on the certificate for $3,600” should be equally divided between herself and two sons of Jesse Turner by a former wife, and that after her death the principal should go to these two sons. Later on another stock dividend amounting to $13,200 was declared, and the widow signed a transfer turning this over to “Jesse Turner’s heirs,” reserving the interest or dividends thereon to herself for life. In October, 1910, the water company declared a stock dividend of 100 per cent. The Jesse Turner estate held 271 shares of this stock, which stood in the name of the decedent, and accordingly the new certificate was issued to “The Estate of Jesse Turner, deceased,” and delivered to his widow, who at that time was an administratrix d. b. n. c. t. a. of the estate, with Harriet T. Turner, a granddaughter of the decedent. Mrs. Turner handed the certificate to her coadministratrix with directions to put it in a box at the Miners’ Bank, where the other securities of the estate were kept. Matilda Turner died about a year after this, and the surviving administratrix of the estate of Jesse Turner subsequently filed an account, in which she included all the stock of the water company as an asset of her decedent’s estate. Before the account came on for adjudication a legatee under the will of Matilda Turner, deceased, filed a petition in the court below in which she called attention to the fact that the personal representatives of her decedent had excepted to the account of Harriet T. Turner, surviving administratrix of the estate of Jesse Turner, deceased, upon the ground that the “stock dividend issued by the Pottsville Water Co. was income and belonged to the estate of Matilda Turner, and not to the estate of Jesse Turner, as set forth in the above account,” and that testimony had been taken on these exceptions; she prayed for a decree that 271 shares of stock of the water company be assigned to the estate of Matilda Turner, deceased. In her answer, the surviving administratrix of the estate of Jesse Turner claimed the stock in question as an asset of his estate, and prayed that the petition be dismissed. The court determined that the stock belonged to the estate of Matilda Turner and not to that of Jesse Turner; but before a decree was entered, the representative of the latter applied for and was given an opportunity to present further evidence. After considering the additional proofs, the court ordered that a decree be prepared in accordance with its original opinion, and thereupon the administratrix of the estate of Jesse Turner, deceased, challenged its jurisdiction to settle the question of title and asked for an issue to try the facts; this was denied and a final decree entered. Harriet T. Turner, representing those interested in the estate of Jesse Turner, deceased, has appealed. There are a number of assignments of error, but they present only a few questions for our consideration.

Under the proofs there can be no doubt but that the stock dividend represented income earned after the decease of Jesse Turner, and that by the terms of his will it belonged to his widow, Matilda Turner. The appellant contends, however, that the evidence showed a gift ,of this stock by Matilda Turner to the estate of Jesse Turner or a surrender of her interest therein “in trust for the remaindermen under the will of Jesse Turner,” and that the court below erred in deciding to the contrary; next, that the proofs were at least sufficient to show a substantial dispute as to the ownership of the stock, and therefore, the court below lacked jurisdiction, and an issue should have been granted.

So far as the first of these contentions is concerned, we have said that after the death of an alleged donor the evidence of a gift inter vivos must be clear and satisfactory, that it must disclose an unmistakable intention on the part of the donor at the time to withdraw or surrender his dominion over the subject of the gift, that it must show unequivocally an intention to invest the donee with the right of disposition beyond the recall of the donor, that the gift must be completed by actual or constructive delivery beyond the power of revocation, that the intention of the donor must be made manifest and established by clear and precise evidence, and the delivery of the subject of the gift must be as complete as the circumstances permit; finally, in Sullivan v. Hess, 241 Pa. 407, we state, “To constitute a valid gift inter vivos two essential elements must combine, an intention to make the gift then and there, and such an actual or constructive delivery at the same time to the donee as divests the donor of all dominion over the subject and invests the donee therewith. The burden of proof is upon the one who claims the benefit of a gift inter vivos, and the proof must be clear and satisfactory,” (also see, Hawn v. Stoler, 208 Pa. 610; Smith’s Est., 237 Pa. 115), and in Smith’s Est., 144 Pa. 428, we say that an imperfect gift cannot be given effect by construing it as a declaration of trust, that although a (p. 437) “donor need not say in so many words, H declare myself a trustee,’ he must do something which is equivalent to it and use expressions which have that meaning”; all of which gives a fair idea of the standard of proof required.

It would serve no useful purpose to detail the evidence in this case, for there was practically no dispute concerning the underlying facts; none of them presented direct proof of a gift, and the only question was whether the circumstances relied upon to show that fact, when viewed in the light of our decisions upon the same general subject and weighed according to the legal standards thereby established, were sufficient to justify inferences that called for the conclusion that Matilda Turner had actually parted with or surrendered her property in this stock in favor of the remaindermen under the will of her husband. "We have examined the evidence and are not convinced that the court below erred in holding it insufficient to make out a trust or gift inter vivos, or to show a substantial dispute upon the point. Under the facts at bar there was no particular significance in the circumstance that the stock dividend was issued directly to the estate of Jesse Turner, since the original shares stood in his name. It appears that Matilda Turner never surrendered complete dominion of the stock in question or put it entirely beyond her control, as she did in the case of the other two dividends. Here, while the circumstances depended upon to establish the gift were such as might have been expected had she in fact presented the stock to those interested in the estate of her husband, yet, they were not inconsistent with the hypothesis that she had no intention of making such a gift; hence the evidence was insufficient to maintain the appellant’s claim.

As to the question of jurisdiction, — in Paxson’s Est., 225 Pa. 204, 206, we said that when one claiming property “voluntarily brings himself and his cause within the jurisdiction” of the Orphans’ Court “he is not thereby creating a jurisdiction which never existed before but adopting one already established,” and in Williams’ Est., 236 Pa. 259, at p. 271, we refer to cases “wherein it is ruled that the Orphans’ Court has jurisdiction finally to decide the question of ownership of property already actually in a decedent’s estate, and, incidentally, where the facts call for it, to decree a final surrender of such assets to outside claimants,” particularly, “when the claimant voluntarily included the asset in an account stated by him or brought and submitted the issue of its ownership to that tribunal for its determination.” In the present case the appellant included the stock as an asset in her account and then both sides to the controversy submitted the question of ownership to the Orphans’ Court; under such circumstances, since we are not convinced that the court below erred in its view of the evidence, we cannot say there was error in the refusal to grant an issue.

The assignments are overruled and the decree is affirmed at the cost of the appellant.