DocketNumber: Appeals, Nos. 57 and 58
Citation Numbers: 255 Pa. 358, 99 A. 1010, 1916 Pa. LEXIS 558
Judges: Brown, Frazer, Mbstrezat, Miller, Potter, Stewart
Filed Date: 2/14/1916
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 10/19/2024
Opinion by
We have here two appeals from the decree of the Orphans’ Court of Allegheny County, which bring before us for construction, the will of Mrs. ¿liza Thaw Edwards, deceased. The material provisions of the will which require consideration are found on the first, and fourth pages, and in the second codicil. On the first page, she uses this language: “There is to be no immediate division of my estate, but each one of my four daughters shall share equally of its income after certain bequests are made. I appoint my son-in-law, Charles E. Dickson, and my daughter, Katherine M. Edwards, my executors in connection with the Safe Deposit & Trust Co. of Pittsburgh where half of my estate inherited from my Father is now in Trust.” On the fourth page she states: “When estate is divided, two years after my death, all Bonds, Stocks, Money in Banks, &c., shall be divided share and share alike, except the part in Trust. ......The part of estate now in Trust shall be kept where it now is, or in some Trust approved by the two first executors. If change becomes necessary the new Trust shall become the third executor. When the life interest of the present heirs expires, that which is in Trust shall go to my grandchildren.” In the second codicil, dated July 27, 1911, referring to the will, she goes on to say: “And on 4th page where it directs division of estate accumulated from income during my life time, I wish half of that added to the present amount in Trust, each daughter to have equal share of income from
Under these provisions of the will, the court below awarded one-half of the balance in the hands of the accountants to the four daughters of testatrix in equal shares, and the remaining one-half to the executors in trust for the purposes specified in the will. Mary L. Edwards and Eliza T. Edwards, two of the daughters of the testatrix, have appealed, and their counsel contend that the entire fund should have been awarded to the daughters of testatrix absolutely, and free from any trust. • In support of their contention, they say that the “remainders sought to be devised by testatrix to her grandchildren are contingent and not supported by prior vested particular estates, and therefore void.” The provisions of the will bearing upon this point are, “when the life interest of the present heirs expires, that which is in Trust shall go to my grandchildren,” and “at the, death of each, her share shall continue in Trust for my grandchildren.” It is apparent, therefore, that the bequest was to the four daughters of testatrix for life, with no provision for survivorship and with remainder to the grandchildren as a class. In Wetherill’s Est., 214 Pa. 150, we said (p. 153) : “Ample authority is found in support of the proposition that where an estate is given to a life tenant, with remainder to the children of the life tenant, the estate vests at once upon the birth of each child, subject to open and let in after-born children, and this without regard to the question of whether or not a child survives the life tenant.” In the recent case of Bache’s Est., 246 Pa. .276, the rule is again stated by Mr. Justice Mestrezat, as follows (p. 281) : “Where there is a devise of a life estate followed by a remainder to a class of persons, some or all of whom are unborn, the remainder is contingent until the birth of a member of the class in whom it vests immediately subject to open to let in all members of the class who may thereafter be born during the continuation of the particular estate.
' In the case now before us, there were grandchildren living at the date of the death of testatrix, so that in so far as the principle referred to is concerned, the remainder became vested at once. Counsel for appellants, however, call attention to the fact that the principal is not to be delivered to the grandchildren at the death of the testatrix, or at the death respectively of her daughters-, but at the death of the survivor of them. They, therefore, contend that the remainders are contingent upon the remaindermen being in existence at the time of the death of the last of the four daughters. In support of this proposition, counsel rely upon the decision in Kountz’s Est., 213 Pa. 390. In that case the testatrix gave the estate to her executor, upon an active trust, during the lives of her children, and provided finally: “After the
Another basis for the ruling in Kountz’s Estate, was that the gifts of income to the grandchildren there, were not in the same proportion as the gifts of principal. In the one instance it was per stirpes, in the other per capita. Here, there is no gift of income to the grandchildren, unless it is to be implied from the words “her share shall continue in Trust for my grandchildren.” But in that event the income would go to the testatrix’s grandchildren per capita, in the same manner as the principal. Therefore, that particular reason which was persuasive in holding the remainders to be contingent in Kountz’s Estate, does not apply in the present case, there
Another, and perhaps the controlling reason for holding the remainders in Kountz’s Estate to be contingent, was that the grandchildren there were not entitled to immediate possession of-their interests upon the termination of the particular estates. We there said (p. 398) “In the present case the particular estate is the life' estate of the immediate children of testatrix. If this .estate were to terminate immediately, would the remainder in the grandchildren take effect immediately? Clearly not, by reason of the limitation to that future date, ten years from the time when the youngest grandchild shall have become of age. • The remainder in the grandchildren is subject to this condition precedent, that it is only after the death of the last of the immediate children and the lapse of ten years from the date when the youngest grandchild shall have become of age, that the remainder to the grandchildren can take effect in possession. As a result, then, of this test, we must conclude that the estate in the grandchildren is a contingent remainder. The bequest is to the grandchildren, as a class, living at a certain time, that is, after the death of the last of the. children and ten years after the youngest grandchild shall become of age. The existence of a particular grandchild at that future date is a condition precedent to his right to participate in the division of the corpus of the estate.”
In the casó at bar there is no postponement of possession by the grandchildren after the termination of the particular estate by the death of the survivor of the four daughters of testatrix. If that event should occur to-' day, the grandchildren would be entitled to immediate possession. There is no gap, as there was in Kountz’s Estate, between the close of the particular estate, and the estates in remainder. The result of the application of this test in the present case is to show that the remainders are vested.
With reference to the use by the testatrix of the word “wish” in the second codicil, we have no doubt that it is to be considered as mandatory. The rulé is well established that precatory words in a will when used to express intention to control or direct are mandatory. See Stinson’s Est., 232 Pa. 218 (221), and cases there cited.
A vested remainder is not subject to the rule against perpetuities. But in the present case, even if the interests of the grafidchildren were contingent, they would have vested within the time limited by the rule. From the findings of fact, it appears that the daughters of tes
Tbe assignments of error are overruled, and in so far as tbe questions raised therein are concerned, tbe decree of tbe Orphans’ Court is affirmed, and these appeals are dismissed at tbe cost of appellants.
Lippincott's Estate , 333 Pa. 48 ( 1938 )
Gageby's Estate , 293 Pa. 109 ( 1928 )
Endsley v. Hagey , 301 Pa. 158 ( 1930 )
Edwards Estate , 360 Pa. 504 ( 1948 )
Brown's Estate , 289 Pa. 101 ( 1927 )
Rzedzianowski's Estate , 148 Pa. Super. 361 ( 1941 )
McGinley v. McGinley , 388 Pa. Super. 500 ( 1989 )