F. Boyd v. PA DOC

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Francis Boyd, :
Appellant :
:
v. : No. 1897 C.D. 2016
: Submitted: March 10, 2017
Pennsylvania Department of :
Corrections, Lamar Libhart, :
Hearing Examiner, :
Pennsylvania State Police John Doe, :
Investigating Officers John Doe, :
Misconduct Issuer :
BEFORE: HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE JOSEPH M. COSGROVE, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE BROBSON FILED: August 16, 2017
Appellant Francis Boyd (Boyd), pro se, appeals from an order of the
Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County (trial court), dated May 26, 2016.
The trial court denied Boyd’s “Petition for Rule 206.5 Rule to Show Cause”
(Petition) and directed that the case be closed. For the reasons set forth below, we
affirm the trial court’s order on alternative grounds.
On April 27, 2007, Boyd, an inmate housed at the State Correctional
Institution-Mahanoy (SCI-Mahanoy), initiated a civil action against Appellees
Department of Corrections (DOC) and former DOC Hearing Examiner Lamar
Libhart (collectively, Appellees).1 Thereafter, on June 22, 2007, Boyd filed an
amended complaint.2 In his amended complaint, Boyd sought, inter alia, the
expungement of misconduct charges issued against him in connection with a 1989
prison riot at State Correctional Institution-Camp Hill (SCI-Camp Hill), where he
was then housed. (C.R., Dismissal/Am. Compl.) Boyd alleged that on
July 5, 1990, Appellees pursued misconduct charges against him for the assault of
a correctional officer when they knew or should have known that another inmate
was responsible for such assault. (C.R., Dismissal/Am. Compl.) Boyd alleged
further that as a result of Appellees’ conduct, he was subjected to cruel and unusual
punishment in violation of his constitutional rights. (C.R., Dismissal/Am. Compl.)
On July 13, 2007, Appellees filed preliminary objections to Boyd’s amended
complaint, arguing, inter alia, that Boyd’s claims were barred by the statute of
limitations. (C.R., Preliminary Objections.) In response, Boyd argued that he did
not learn that he was harmed by Appellees’ conduct until 2007, and, therefore, his
claims were not barred by the statute of limitations. (C.R., Answer to Preliminary
Objections.) By opinion and order dated September 27, 2007, the trial court
concluded that the statute of limitations on Boyd’s claims had long since run, and,
as a result, the trial court dismissed Boyd’s amended complaint. (C.R., Trial Ct.
Op. and Order, dated Sept. 27, 2007.)
1
Boyd’s original complaint also named the Pennsylvania State Police, John Doe,
Investigating Officers, and John Doe, Misconduct Issuer. (Certified Record (C.R.), Compl.) On
June 22, 2007, however, Boyd abandoned his claims against the Pennsylvania State Police and
certain named state troopers. (C.R., Dismissal/Am. Compl.)
2
Boyd’s amended complaint is identified in the trial court’s docket entries as a
“Dismissal,” presumably because Boyd filed his amended complaint as part of his document
entitled “Voluntary Dismissal of Charges Against Pa. State Police.” (C.R., Docket Entries.)
2
On October 12, 2007, Boyd attempted to appeal the trial court’s
September 27, 2007 order, by filing a timely notice of appeal and a motion to
proceed in forma pauperis (IFP Motion). The trial court docketed both the notice
of appeal and the IFP Motion. (C.R., Docket Entries.) On October 30, 2007, the
trial court denied Boyd’s IFP Motion stating that his “appeal was frivolous because
the order of September 27, 2007, [was] interlocutory.” (C.R., Trial Ct. Order,
dated Oct. 30, 2007.) The trial court did not, however, dismiss Boyd’s notice of
appeal for failure to pay the required fee or certify the record to this Court.
Boyd also did not appeal the trial court’s denial of his IFP Motion.
Instead, Boyd filed a motion to compel Appellees to respond to interrogatories and
requests for production of documents. On November 8, 2007, the trial court issued
a rule upon Appellees to show cause as to why Appellees should not suffer
sanctions for failure to respond to interrogatories and requests for production of
documents. (C.R., Trial Ct. Order, dated Nov. 8, 2007.) On December 10, 2007,
however, the trial court dismissed its rule to show cause as being improvidently
granted, stating that “[t]he amended complaint was dismissed with prejudice in its
entirety on September 27, 2007.” (C.R., Trial Ct. Order, dated Dec. 10, 2007.)
Thereafter, from January through October 2008, Boyd filed five separate
documents with the trial court, seeking to compel Appellees to respond to his
interrogatories and requests for production of documents.3 The trial court did not
act on any of these filings.
3
Upon review of these filings, it appears that Boyd was proceeding under the mistaken
belief that his case had not been dismissed in its entirety because his original complaint filed on
April 27, 2007, was still pending. (See, e.g., C.R., Rule 1035.5 Procedure When Judgment is
Denied or Not Rendered Upon the Whole Case.)
3
Nearly five years later, on July 17, 2013, Boyd filed a motion with the
trial court, requesting that he be permitted to proceed on his original complaint
filed on April 27, 2007. (C.R., Motion to Continue Case.) Thereafter, on
August 8, 2013, Boyd filed a petition for rule to show cause, again seeking an
order compelling Appellees to respond to his interrogatories and requests for
production of documents. The trial court denied Boyd’s petition.
Almost three years later, on April 18, 2016, Boyd filed his Petition,
seeking approval to proceed with depositions and/or trial. On April 21, 2016, the
trial court issued a rule to show cause upon Appellees. In response, Appellees
argued that Boyd’s Petition should be denied because the action had already been
dismissed by the trial court and the time to appeal had long since passed. (C.R.,
Response to Rule to Show Cause.) Thereafter, on May 26, 2016, the trial court
issued an order, denying Boyd’s Petition and directing that the case be closed.
(C.R., Trial Ct. Order, dated May 26, 2016.) In so doing, the trial court stated:
The [c]ourt notes that [Boyd’s] [a]mended [c]omplaint
was dismissed by now-retired Honorable Edgar B.
Bayley by [o]rder of [c]ourt dated September 27, 2007.
The [c]ourt further notes that such [o]rder was later
clarified by Judge Bayley to have been a dismissal with
prejudice.
[Boyd] states in his response to [Appellees’]
response to his petition that he believed his original cause
of action entitled “Complaint Writ of Mandamus Petition
for Expungement of Misconduct Charges” is still viable
despite the dismissal of his amended complaint as being
barred by the [s]tatute of [l]imitations. Indeed, it appears
the trial court erred on this issue as well in that it denied
[Boyd’s] petition requesting to have counsel in forma
pauperis for purposes of appeal, stating that the appeal
was interlocutory. This [c]ourt reviewed and compared
[Boyd’s] original complaint and amended complaint,
however, and finds that the causes of action complained
of therein are the same and thus are all barred by the
4
[s]tatute of [l]imitations. The September 27, 2007
[o]rder of [c]ourt should have properly clarified that the
complaint and amended complaint were barred by the
[s]tatute of [l]imitations, and thus, that [Appellees’]
objections thereto were granted, and the entire matter
closed. [Boyd] should have then been granted in forma
pauperis for appeal as [Boyd] timely filed his [n]otice of
[a]ppeal. Nevertheless, [Boyd] took no further action
regarding his [a]ppellate rights or in forma pauperis
request from 2007 until bringing up the issue in his
response filed on May 12, 2016.
[This c]ourt therefore finds that [Boyd’s] delay in
filing for relief is unjustifiably long, and that [Boyd] has
taken no action within a reasonable period of time after
his request for in forma pauperis on appeal was denied.
Thus, this [c]ourt denies [Boyd’s] [P]etition in its
entirety, and the case shall be closed by the
[p]rothonotary.
(C.R., Trial Ct. Order, dated May 26, 2016 (citations omitted).) Boyd then
appealed to this Court.4
On appeal, it is difficult to discern Boyd’s precise arguments.5 It
appears that Boyd is attempting to argue that the trial court erred by denying his
Petition and concluding that he failed to take action within a reasonable time after
the trial court denied his IFP Motion. More specifically, Boyd argues that he could
not have taken action within a reasonable time because the trial court had
4
Boyd initially filed his appeal with the Pennsylvania Superior Court. By order dated
November 21, 2016, the Superior Court transferred the case to this Court as this Court has
exclusive jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to Section 762 of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa. C.S.
§ 762.
5
This Court’s scope of review of a decision by a trial court is limited to a determination
of whether the trial court abused its discretion or committed an error of law, or whether
constitutional rights were violated. Long v. Thomas, 619 A.2d 394, 396 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1992),
appeal denied, 631 A.2d 1012 (Pa. 1993).
5
precluded him from appealing the September 27, 2007 order, dismissing his
amended complaint, by indicating that such order was interlocutory. In response,
Appellees argue that the trial court properly denied Boyd’s Petition because “Boyd
failed, without excuse or justification, to act with any diligence in appealing the
dismissal of his action” and instead “allowed his action to languish for almost nine
years” after his amended complaint had been dismissed.6 (Appellees’ Br. at 6-7.)
Our review of the certified record in this matter reveals that on
October 12, 2007, Boyd filed a timely notice of appeal of the trial court’s
September 27, 2007 order, dismissing his amended complaint. The trial court
docketed the notice of appeal. While the trial court denied Boyd’s
contemporaneously filed IFP Motion, the trial court did not enter an order or make
any notation on the docket that it was dismissing or rejecting Boyd’s notice of
appeal for failure to pay the required fee. Once Boyd filed his notice of appeal, the
trial court lacked jurisdiction to consider any of Boyd’s future filings, including the
Petition that resulted in the trial court’s May 26, 2016 order that is the subject of
this appeal.7 See Pa. R.A.P. 1701. After Boyd filed his notice of appeal, the trial
6
Appellees also argue that Boyd waived the issue of whether the trial court erred in
denying his Petition because Boyd failed to raise the issue in his brief to this Court. We
disagree. When read as a whole, Boyd’s brief adequately addresses the issue of whether the trial
court erred in denying his Petition.
7
The trial court maintained very limited jurisdiction after Boyd filed his notice of appeal,
which included, inter alia, the authority to grant reconsideration, to grant leave to appeal in
forma pauperis, to transmit the certified record to the appellate court, or to take such other action
as is necessary to preserve the status quo. See Pa. R.A.P. 1701(b).
In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court concluded that Boyd waived any issues relative
to its May 26, 2016 order and its conclusion that Boyd’s delay in pursuing his claims against
Appellees was unjustifiably long, because Boyd failed to address any such issues in his statement
of errors complained of on appeal (1925(b) Statement). Upon review of the certified record, we
(Footnote continued on next page…)
6
court should have transmitted the certified record to this Court for consideration.
The trial court did not do so. Rather, the trial court continued to entertain and act
on some of Boyd’s filings, which led Boyd to believe that his case was still viable
and that the trial court continued to have jurisdiction to consider his underlying
claims against Appellees. It is difficult for a pro se litigant to navigate through the
legal system. This process is made even more difficult when the trial court enters
admittedly erroneous orders, fails to transmit the record to the appellate court upon
the filing of a timely notice of appeal, and acts outside its jurisdiction. For these
reasons, we conclude that the trial court erred in acting on Boyd’s Petition because
it lacked jurisdiction to even take the Petition into consideration.
Our analysis does not stop there, however. Boyd filed a timely notice
of appeal of the trial court’s September 27, 2007 order, dismissing his amended
complaint, and the trial court failed to transmit the record to this Court for
consideration. Because Boyd’s appeal of the trial court’s September 27, 2007
order should have been considered by this Court, we will treat this appeal as
Boyd’s appeal of that order. On this issue, Boyd argues that the trial court erred in
dismissing his amended complaint because the statute of limitations on his claims
against Appellees did not begin to run until 2007. More specifically, Boyd argues
that he did not learn that he was harmed by Appellees’ conduct until 2007, when
he encountered the inmate who was responsible for and had plead guilty to the
(continued…)
have been unable to locate a copy of Boyd’s 1925(b) Statement, and, therefore, we cannot
ascertain whether Boyd raised this issue in his 1925(b) Statement. Because we conclude that the
trial court was without jurisdiction to issue the May 26, 2016 order, whether Boyd waived any
challenge to that order is irrelevant.
7
assault of the correctional officer, the exact incident for which Boyd received his
misconduct charges.
We, like the trial court, construe Boyd’s claims against Appellees as
an action for deprivation of rights under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Section 1983).8 The
statute of limitations for claims brought under Section 1983 is determined by the
state statute of limitations for personal injury claims. Wilson v. Garcia,
471 U.S. 261, 276-80 (1985), superseded by statute on other grounds, as stated in
Jones v. R.R. Donnelley & Sons Co., 541 U.S. 369, 377-78 (2004). The statute of
limitations for personal injury actions in Pennsylvania is two years. 42 Pa. C.S.
§ 5524. “[I]n some cases[,] where the injury or the fact that it was caused by the
conduct of another is not known or discoverable through the exercise of reasonable
diligence, courts have invoked the discovery rule, which delays the accrual of a
cause of action and tolls the statute of limitations until a time when the injury and
its cause can reasonably be discovered.” Pennock v. Lenzi, 882 A.2d 1057, 1060
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2005), appeal denied, 897 A.2d 462 (Pa.), cert. denied, 549 U.S. 884(2006).
In this case, Boyd alleged that he was harmed on July 5, 1990, when
Appellees pursued allegedly false misconduct charges against him for the assault
of a correctional officer during the prison riot at SCI-Camp Hill in 1989. Thus,
Boyd had until July 5, 1992, the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations,
to file his cause of action against Appellees. Boyd did not initiate this action until
8
In its opinion and order dated September 27, 2007, dismissing Boyd’s amended
complaint, the trial court noted: “[a]lthough not artfully drawn by [Boyd], the amended
complaint seeks relief and damages for alleged violations of his constitutional rights[,] which we
construe to be under 42 U.S.C. [§] 1983.” (C.R., Trial Ct. Op. and Order dated Sept. 27, 2007.)
8
April 27, 2007, nearly fifteen years after the statute of limitations had expired.
Boyd’s argument that the statute of limitations had been tolled because he did not
discover that he was harmed until 2007, when he encountered the inmate who was
responsible for and had pled guilty to the assault of the same correctional officer
for which Boyd had received the misconduct charges, is without merit. Boyd knew
that he was harmed at the time that Appellees pursued the misconduct charges
against him on July 5, 1990. At that point, he knew that the misconduct charges
were false and that he had received punishment for misconduct that he had
allegedly not committed. It is irrelevant that he did not know who the inmate was
that had assaulted the correctional officer. As a result, the trial court did not err in
dismissing Boyd’s amended complaint based upon the expiration of the statute of
limitations.9
Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s order on alternative grounds.
P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
9
The expiration of the statute of limitations is an affirmative defense that is raised by
new matter in a responsive pleading. Pa. R.C.P. No. 1030. If, however, the expiration of the
statute of limitations is apparent on the face of the pleading and the opposing party does not
challenge the preliminary objection by filing a preliminary objection to the preliminary
objection, the court may consider the expiration of the statute of limitations at the preliminary
objections stage of the proceedings. See Lamp v. Heyman, 366 A.2d 882, 885 (Pa. 1976). See
also Malia v. Monchak, 543 A.2d 184, 187 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1988) (applying same principles to
affirmative defense of immunity). In this case, the trial court properly considered the statute of
limitations affirmative defense as part of Appellees’ preliminary objections, as it was apparent on
the face of Boyd’s amended complaint that the statute of limitations had expired more than
fifteen years before he filed his cause of action against Appellees, Boyd did not raise any facts in
his amended complaint or his answer to Appellees’ preliminary objections that would trigger the
application of the discovery rule, and Boyd did not file a preliminary objection to Appellees’
preliminary objections or otherwise object to the court’s consideration of the statute of
limitations affirmative defense at the preliminary objections stage of the proceedings.
9
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Francis Boyd, :
Appellant :
:
v. : No. 1897 C.D. 2016
:
Pennsylvania Department of :
Corrections, Lamar Libhart, :
Hearing Examiner, :
Pennsylvania State Police John Doe, :
Investigating Officers John Doe, :
Misconduct Issuer :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 16th day of August, 2017, the order of the Court of
Common Pleas of Cumberland County is hereby AFFIRMED on alternative
grounds.
P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge