H. Brandy v. UCBR

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Holly Brandy, :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 2425 C.D. 2015
: SUBMITTED: May 27, 2016
Unemployment Compensation Board :
of Review, :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
SENIOR JUDGE LEADBETTER FILED: November 22, 2016
Claimant Holly Brandy petitions for review of an order of the
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) that affirmed a referee’s
decision denying her unemployment compensation benefits under Section 402(b)
of the Unemployment Compensation Law,1 which provides that an employee is
ineligible for benefits during any week “[i]n which his unemployment is due to
voluntarily leaving work without cause of a necessitous and compelling nature.”
We affirm.2
1
Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S. §
802(b).
2
A determination of whether necessitous and compelling cause for a voluntary quit exists is
a question of law, subject to plenary review by this Court. Johnson v. Unemployment Comp. Bd.
of Review, 869 A.2d 1095, 1104 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2005).
Claimant worked for Employer Hunter Truck Sales & Service as a
receptionist from July 2011 to June 2015. Employer operates facilities at different
locations and its headquarters is in Butler. Until May 1, 2015, the staff at its
Pittsburgh location included Claimant, another female, and thirty-six men. After
May 1st, Claimant became the only female employed at the Pittsburgh location. In
any event, after Claimant alleged that two managers had been subjecting her to
sexual harassment, Employer placed her on paid leave starting May 5th in order to
conduct an investigation. Ultimately, Employer discharged both managers from
employment and Claimant returned to work May 26th.
Upon her return, Claimant perceived that three individuals, including
her supervisor, remained on good terms with her, but that a number of other
employees “were cold, shunned her, and gave her ‘dirty looks.’” Finding of Fact
(F.F.) No. 10. Having considered her pre-leave working environment to be
normal,3 she “became convinced that rumors which were unfavorable to her had
swept through the workplace, causing her formerly cordial coworkers to resent
her.” Id., Nos. 11 and 12. Although the vice president of human resources, Carrie
Ginocchi, and Claimant’s direct supervisor, Andrew Weleski, sought to ensure that
Claimant was satisfied with her working conditions and encouraged her to report
incidents of retaliatory conduct, she became distressed as to how her coworkers’
treatment of her had changed. Alleging that the change in her working
environment caused her to become ill and require medication for her nerves,
Claimant “made it clear to [Ms. Ginocchi and Mr. Weleski] on a number of
occasions that she was dissatisfied with the environment to which she was being
subjected.” Id., No. 15. Once, when she brought her concerns to the attention of
3
Presumably, Claimant meant normal but for the alleged sexual harassment.
2
Mr. Weleski, he opined that he was uncertain as to how to address the issue and
suggested that she might wish to tell her coworkers the truth.4 Id., No. 16.
On June 17th, matters came to a head when Claimant came to believe
that her supervisor intended to reprimand one of the friendly managers for talking
to her. Contrary to her understanding, however, the purpose of their meeting was
for the supervisor to direct the manager to respond to telephone calls that were
coming in during busy times. Id., No. 19. In any event, without discussing the
matter with her Employer or requesting a transfer to an alternate position or
facility, Claimant tendered her resignation letter the following day. Id., No. 22.
Therein, Claimant asserted that she was resigning due to the hostile work
environment that she had experienced ever since making sexual harassment
allegations, that her coworkers had been treating her like an outcast, that
management had failed to rectify the situation despite her reports, that she was
expected not to have conversations with anyone while other employees had no
such restrictions, that the one person who spoke to her was reprimanded for doing
so, and that she believed that she had no choice but to resign. Id., No. 20.
Subsequently, Claimant applied for unemployment compensation
benefits, which the UC Service Center denied. The referee affirmed the UC
Service Center’s denial of benefits. The Board affirmed, adopting and
4
Pursuant to Claimant’s undisputed testimony, Mr. Weleski stated: “I don’t understand why
they’re acting like this. I don’t know how I can fix it. Maybe if you tell them the truth they’ll
stop. Tell them what really happened because they’re just going by what they’re hearing.”
August 18, 2015, Hearing, Notes of Testimony (N.T.) at 7; Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 9a.
Claimant responded that, “I don’t feel I should have to defend myself to them. I didn’t do
anything wrong.” Id. at 8; R.R. at 10a.
3
incorporating the referee’s findings and conclusions.5 Additionally, despite
expressing sympathy for Claimant’s plight, the Board, in pertinent part, found:
[C]laimant did not make a reasonable effort to preserve
the employment relationship prior to quitting. [She]
testified that she believed that the manager was
reprimanded for talking to her . . . and this incident is
what prompted her to quit her employment; however,
[she] made no effort to discuss her beliefs with the
employer prior to turning in a resignation notice on June
18, 2015. [Her] last communication with human
resources occurred on June 3, 2015 . . . . [She] has not
demonstrated that it would have been futile to address her
concerns with the employer prior to resigning, especially
in light of the fact that the employer credibly testified
that it requested the claimant to report specific incidents
of what she perceived to be retaliation in the workplace.
Finally, [she] did not credibly establish that she had to
quit for any medical reason.
November 3, 2015, Board Decision at 1. Accordingly, acknowledging that
Claimant was clearly unhappy working for Employer, the Board nonetheless
concluded that her subjective concerns, such as coworkers talking to her only about
business and not personal matters, did not rise to the level of necessitous and
compelling cause for a voluntary quit. Id. Claimant appealed the Board’s order
and Employer intervened in the appeal to this Court.6
A claimant in a voluntary quit case bears the burden of proving that
his or her separation from employment was involuntary. Bell v. Unemployment
Comp. Bd. of Review, 921 A.2d 23, 26 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007). An employee has
voluntarily quit for unemployment compensation benefit purposes when he or she
resigns, leaves, or quits without action by the employer. Lee v. Unemployment
5
It is within the Board’s province to determine credibility and evidentiary weight. Oliver v.
Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 5 A.3d 432, 438 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010).
6
The Board indicated that it would not be filing a brief in this matter.
4
Comp. Bd. of Review, 33 A.3d 717, 720 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2011). An employee who
voluntarily terminates his or her employment bears the burden of proving
necessitous and compelling cause for leaving his or her job. Brunswick Hotel &
Conf. Ctr., LLC v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 906 A.2d 657, 660 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2006). Specifically, the employee must establish that: “(1)
circumstances existed which produced real and substantial pressure to terminate
employment; (2) such circumstances would compel a reasonable person to act in
the same manner; (3) the claimant acted with ordinary common sense; and, (4) the
claimant made a reasonable effort to preserve her employment.” Id. at 660.
On appeal, Claimant maintains that the Board erred in focusing on the
alleged reprimand of the friendly employee as the incident prompting her to quit
and, instead, should have concentrated on the retaliatory behavior that she
experienced after alleging sexual harassment and returning from a leave of
absence. She emphasizes that she reported both the initial sexual harassment by
the two managers and the subsequent hostility that she experienced upon her return
to work. In addition, she notes that an employee is expected to tolerate only a
certain level of conduct, that not all of the responsibility to resolve a situation is
placed on him or her, and that an employer ultimately bears the responsibility for
eliminating harassment in the workplace. Comitalo v. Unemployment Comp. Bd.
of Review, 737 A.2d 342, 345 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999). Accordingly, alleging that she
took the necessary common sense action of reporting her coworkers’ retaliatory
conduct and that Employer did nothing to alleviate the hostile work environment,
5
she argues that the Board erred in determining that she failed to establish
necessitous and compelling cause for her voluntary quit.7
As the record reflects, Claimant resigned due to the allegedly hostile
work environment that ensued after her leave of absence and culminated in her
mistaken belief that a manager was reprimanded for talking to her. Regardless of
whether a reprimand occurred, Claimant perceived that final incident to be
indicative of the hostile work environment that resulted from her report of sexual
harassment and Employer’s discharge of two managers. To that end, although we
acknowledge case law indicating that the incident precipitating the voluntary quit
should be the focus of the inquiry as to whether there are necessitous and
compelling grounds for a voluntary quit,8 the timeline of events in the present case
is fairly condensed. Accordingly, without concentrating overly much on whether
that final incident, alone, would have been sufficient to constitute necessitous and
compelling grounds for a voluntary quit, we turn to determining whether
Claimant’s work environment was sufficiently intolerable such that it constituted
necessitous and compelling cause for her voluntary resignation.
Like the Board, we sympathize with Claimant’s situation. Her
undisputed testimony indicates that formerly friendly coworkers childishly turned
their heads when she walked by, gave her dirty looks, made exchanging paperwork
7
While it is true, as Claimant maintains, that sexual harassment may constitute necessitous
and compelling cause for a voluntary quit, Collier Stone Co. v. Unemployment Compensation
Board of Review, 876 A.2d 481, 484 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2005), the record does not reflect that the
initial sexual harassment that she experienced was the reason for her voluntary quit.
Accordingly, we reject Claimant’s implication that sexual harassment constituted necessitous
and compelling cause for her resignation.
8
See, e.g., Hussey Copper, Ltd. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 718 A.2d 894, 899
(Pa. Cmwlth. 1998) (holding that, “unless the precipitating event gave Claimant a necessitous
and compelling reason to quit, then benefits should be denied.”)
6
awkward, pretended that she had not spoken, and did not include her in the
collective lunch order that she previously had orchestrated. August 18, 2015,
Hearing, Notes of Testimony (N.T.) at 7, 9; Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 9a, 11a.
This unpleasant working atmosphere, however, is not tantamount to unbearable or
unendurable working conditions. It is well established that normal workplace
strains are insufficient to justify a voluntary resignation. The working conditions
must be tantamount to intolerable. Ann Kearney Astolfi DMD PC v.
Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 995 A.2d 1286, 1289 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010).
Furthermore, the Board concluded that Claimant failed to make a
reasonable effort to preserve her employment because she failed 1) to discuss the
final incident with Employer regarding the alleged reprimand of a friendly co-
worker; and 2) to demonstrate that it would have been futile to do so. As the
Board determined and the evidence reflects, Claimant’s last communication with
Ms. Ginocchi was June 3, 2015, well before Claimant’s June 18th resignation.
August 18, 2015, Hearing, Claimant’s Exhibit 3 at 1; R.R. at 53a. In addition, the
Board found that “the employer credibly testified that it requested the claimant to
report specific incidents of what she perceived to be retaliation . . . .” November 3,
2015, Board Decision at 1. In that regard, the Board adopted the referee’s decision
therein concluding that “the employer made extraordinary efforts to retain the
claimant and to address legitimate concerns upon her return.” August 18, 2015,
Referee’s Decision at 3. “It is the duty of the appellate court to examine the
testimony in the light most favorable to the party in whose favor the fact-finder has
ruled, giving that party the benefit of all logical and reasonable inferences from the
testimony . . . .” Penn Hills Sch. Dist. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 437
A.2d 1213, 1218 (Pa. 1981).
7
Finally, we address Claimant’s contention that health-related issues
constituted necessitous and compelling cause for her voluntary quit. In order to
have a compelling health reason to quit, a claimant must establish the following:
1) competent testimony of adequate health reasons; 2) communication of those
health problems to the employer; and 3) availability to work if reasonable
accommodations can be made. Astolfi, 995 A.2d at 1290. Here, despite the fact
that Claimant in her e-mail exchange with Ms. Ginocchi referenced some physical
and emotional issues,9 the Board concluded that Claimant did not credibly establish
that she resigned for health reasons. November 3, 2015, Board Decision at 1.
Although a claimant’s own testimony and/or supporting medical documents may
be sufficient to establish the existence of a medical reason for a voluntary
termination, Lee Hosp. v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 637
A.2d 695, 698 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1994), his or her evidence must constitute competent
evidence that adequate health reasons existed to justify the voluntary quit. We find
no error in the Board’s determination and, accordingly, agree that Claimant failed
to satisfy the foregoing criteria.
Accordingly, we affirm.
_____________________________________
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
Senior Judge
9
See August 18, 2015, Hearing, Claimant’s Exhibit 3 at 3; R.R. at 55a.
8
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Holly Brandy, :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 2425 C.D. 2015
:
Unemployment Compensation Board :
of Review, :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 22nd day of November, 2016, the order of the
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review is hereby AFFIRMED.
_____________________________________
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
Senior Judge
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Holly Brandy, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Unemployment Compensation :
Board of Review, : No. 2425 C.D. 2015
Respondent : Submitted: May 27, 2016
BEFORE: HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge
DISSENTING OPINION
BY JUDGE COVEY FILED: November 22, 2016
I respectfully dissent from the Majority’s conclusion that Holly Brandy’s
(Claimant) “unpleasant working atmosphere . . . is not tantamount to unbearable or
unendurable working conditions[,]” Majority Op. at 7, and that Hunter Truck Sales &
Service (Employer) “made extraordinary efforts to retain [C]laimant and to address
legitimate concerns upon her return.” Id. (quoting Referee Dec. at 3). Because the
Referee’s findings of fact (FOF) are internally inconsistent and do not support the
Unemployment Compensation (UC) Board of Review’s (UCBR) conclusions that
Claimant did not try to preserve her employment and that the last incident was her
sole reason for resigning, I would reverse the UCBR’s order affirming the Referee’s
decision denying Claimant UC benefits under Section 402(b) of the Unemployment
Compensation Law (Law).1
1
Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S. §
802(b) (relating to voluntarily leaving work without cause of a necessitous and compelling nature).
Initially, herein the Referee specifically found:
15. [C]laimant made it clear to the individuals[, the vice
president of human resources and Claimant’s direct
supervisor,2] on a number of occasions that she was
dissatisfied with the environment to which she was being
subjected.
16. When [C]laimant brought concerns to the attention of
her direct supervisor, he indicated that he was uncertain
of how to address the matter and suggested that
[C]laimant may wish to tell her co[-]workers the truth.
....
20. [C]laimant did not discuss this matter with
[E]mployer prior to tendering her resignation letter June
18, 2015, which includes the following, ‘I am sending this
letter to inform you of my immediate resignation for my
position . . . . Unfortunately my resignation is due to the
hostile work environment I’ve been experiencing since
turning in the sexual harassment I endured for years, I no
longer can keep coming into work under these conditions. I
have been ousted by the other employees. I have reported
these actions to the proper management multiple times with
no action taken to rectify it. Also today the only person in
parts who has talked to me got yelled at for stopping by
my desk for a minute and was told he is not allowed to do
that yet all the men are allowed to stop and talk to anyone at
any time with nothing being said, yet the one person who
defended me and talks to me was yelled at for stopping for a
minute. I have been treated extremely different since
returning to work. I have forced myself to sit there day
after day with anxiety due to being treated like an outcast. I
am expected to have no conversations with anyone while
there are no restrictions for any other employees. I feel I
have no choice and that I am being forced to resign. . . .’
21. [C]laimant elected to resign only after coming to the
conclusion that the manager who was speaking with her
was reprimanded for doing so.
2
See Referee Dec. at 2, FOF 14.
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Referee Dec. at 2 (emphasis added). Clearly, FOF 15 - Claimant made it clear on a
number of occasions that she was dissatisfied with her work environment - is contrary
to FOF 20 - Claimant did not discuss the matter prior to tendering her resignation.
Further, FOF 21 - Claimant elected to resign only after the final incident - is contrary
to FOF 20 - Claimant’s “resignation is due to the hostile work environment I’ve been
experiencing since turning in the sexual harassment I endured for years.” Id.
Moreover, the UCBR’s conclusion that “[C]laimant did not make a reasonable effort
to preserve the employment relationship prior to quitting[]” is also contrary to the
Referee’s FOFs and the record evidence. UCBR Dec. at 1.
Next, the Majority categorizes Claimant’s co-workers’ actions as
“childish[]” and concludes that “[t]his unpleasant working atmosphere . . . is not
tantamount to unbearable or unendurable working conditions [because] . . . normal
workplace strains are insufficient to justify a voluntary resignation.” Majority Op. at
6, 7 (emphasis added). However, in reaching this conclusion the Majority
disregarded the fact that Claimant’s co-workers ignored her, made it so difficult for
her to do her job that she was having panic attacks and taking Xanax, see Reproduced
Record (R.R.) at 11a,3 and were telling other co-workers that Claimant was having
sex with the discharged employee. See R.R. at 10a; see also FOF 11, which
minimizes this record evidence (“[C]laimant became convinced that rumors which
were unfavorable to her had swept through the workplace[.]”). Yet, this testimony is
undisputed.
Last, it is perplexing that, in the face of the Referee’s FOF 16, the UCBR
concluded that Claimant did not try to preserve her employment. See R.R. at 9a; see
also FOF 16 - “When [C]laimant brought concerns to the attention of her direct
3
See also Referee Dec. at 2, FOF 13 (“[C]laimant was greatly distressed by how her
treatment had changed upon her return and concludes that it caused her to become ill and to require
medication to control her nerves.”).
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supervisor, he indicated he was uncertain how to address the matter . . . .” The
Referee specifically found that Claimant discussed her complaints with her direct
supervisor as well as Employer’s human resources’ vice president who similarly did
nothing to alleviate the hostile working conditions. Certainly, under such
circumstances, it is reasonable for Claimant to believe that any further attempts to
change her work environment and, thus, preserve her employment, would be futile.
As this Court explained in Comitalo v. Unemployment Compensation
Board of Review, 737 A.2d 342 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999):
Before quitting, [Claimant] advised [her direct supervisor]
about [her co-workers’] retaliatory harassment and the
hostile behavior of her co-workers, but [her direct
supervisor] merely suggested that [Claimant tell her co-
workers the truth about her sexual harassment] rather than
taking immediate action under the circumstances presented
to protect [Claimant] from further harassment. Employer
postulates that [her direct supervisor’s] response was
appropriate and that [Claimant] had the burden to take steps
to retain her job. Notwithstanding Employer’s position,
[Claimant] believed that Employer would not sufficiently
remedy her current situation in view of Employer’s earlier
response and the failure of [her direct supervisor] to
indicate that Employer would act to resolve the current
harassment against her. The Court cannot say that these
circumstances would not produce real and substantial
pressure to terminate one’s employment and would not
compel a reasonable person to act any differently.
Id. at 345 (emphasis added); see also Mercy Hosp. of Pittsburgh v. Unemployment
Comp. Bd. of Review, 654 A.2d 264, 266-67 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995) (“[B]ecause the
pressure to terminate employment was real and substantial, and because the employer
could not alleviate the harassment after the claimant provided the requisite notice, the
[UCBR] did not err in concluding that the claimant had good cause for voluntarily
quitting.”).
AEC - 4 -
The Referee found as a fact: “[C]laimant did not request nor was she
offered a transfer to an alternate position or facility in which she would not be
required to interact with the individuals whom she feels had treated her poorly.”
Referee Dec. at 2, FOF 22 (emphasis added); see also Referee Dec. at 3 (“By failing
to request an alternate position and/or an alternate worksite, [C]laimant did not
satisfactorily exhaust reasonable alternatives. It is not [E]mployer’s responsibility to
offer such a position under these circumstances, rather it is [C]laimant’s burden to
exhaust alternatives.”). The law is well-established that it is unlawful to retaliate
against or treat someone differently for having filed a sexual harassment complaint.
See Section 5(d) of the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act (PHRA);4 Section 704(a)
of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a).5 Moreover, it is
contrary to common decency and repugnant that after Employer placed Claimant
on leave pending investigation of her sexual harassment complaint, the UCBR
determined that in order to preserve her employment Claimant was required to ask
for a transfer. “[T]here is a certain level of conduct that an employee will not be
required to tolerate and the Court will not place all responsibility upon an
4
Act of October 27, 1955, P.L. 744, as amended, 43 P.S. § 955(d). Section 5(d) of the
PHRA states that it shall be unlawful: “For any person, [or] employer, . . . to discriminate in any
manner against any individual because such individual has opposed any practice forbidden by [the
PHRA], or because such individual has made a charge, testified or assisted, in any manner, in
any investigation, proceeding or hearing under [the PHRA].” 43 P.S. § 955(d) (emphasis added).
While the Dissent recognizes that Claimant filed her sexual harassment complaint under
Employer’s sexual harassment policy, the rationale is the same as Claimant had the right to file a
sexual harassment claim under state and federal law.
5
Section 704(a) of Title VII provides:
It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to
discriminate against any of his employees . . . to discriminate against
any individual, . . . because he has opposed any practice made an
unlawful employment practice by [Title VII], or because he has made
a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an
investigation, proceeding, or hearing under [Title VII].
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a) (emphasis added).
AEC - 5 -
employee to resolve his or her work dilemma. Ultimately the employer bears the
responsibility for eliminating harassment against employees in the workplace.”
Collier Stone Co. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 876 A.2d 481, 484 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2005) (emphasis added) (quoting Comitalo, 737 A.2d at 345). Claimant is
not to be adversely affected for filing a sexual harassment complaint. See 43 P.S. §
955(d); 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a). Employer’s actions herein are even more egregious
because its sexual harassment investigation substantiated Claimant’s sexual
harassment complaint and Employer discharged the harassers for their unlawful
conduct.
Because the record evidence clearly reveals that despite Claimant’s
numerous complaints, Employer did not attempt to alleviate the harassment directed
toward Claimant and Claimant’s circumstances produced a real and substantial
pressure to terminate her employment, I would reverse the UCBR’s order.
___________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
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